The most Important Causative Agent of Cervical Cancer

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Recommended: Human papillomavirus family

Human papillomavirus (HPV) a non-enveloped virus accounted as the most important causative agent of cervical cancer worldwide with more than 45,000 diagnosed cases annually (1). Even after establishment of encouraging vaccine platforms for it,s prevention due to shortages of this supplements the infection rate remained accelerating in developing country. Yet, more than 100 types of HPV distinguished by genetic analysis among them types 16 and 18 belonged to definite carcinogens group are responsible for more than 62% and 15% of cervical cancers respectively(2, 3). The major limitation associated with current HPV available vaccines is their useless application for therapeutic approaches indeed so developing a suitable therapeutic vaccine remained a big challenge in this era (4) . In persistent infection like HPV related diseases, therapeutic vaccine open a new horizon for better control of disease by improving the cellular immune arm against virus proteins expressed in host cells (5). Among different therapeutic vaccine strategies including virus based vectors, peptide vaccine, whole bacterial vectors, recombinant DNA vaccine, protein based vaccine has its special situation in HPV related diseases therapy. Protein-based vaccines are capable of generating CD8+ T-cell responses either on humoral immune response in vaccinated animals (6). Also while this kind of vaccines is safer compared to bacterial/viral and circumvent MHC restriction in spite of peptide vaccines however has some shortages most importantly poor immunogenicity when compared to others (2). Thus, novel HPV protein-based vaccines require new strategies for promotion of consequent CD8+ and humoral related immune responses to combat disease progression. Up to now sever... ... middle of paper ... ...g Y, Hewitt D, Jacobs A, et al. Potent immunogenicity and efficacy of a universal influenza vaccine candidate comprising a recombinant fusion protein linking influenza M2e to the TLR5 ligand flagellin. Vaccine. 2008 Jan 10;26(2):201-14. PubMed PMID: 18063235. Epub 2007/12/08. eng. 27. Treanor JJ, Taylor DN, Tussey L, Hay C, Nolan C, Fitzgerald T, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant hemagglutinin influenza-flagellin fusion vaccine (VAX125) in healthy young adults. Vaccine. 2010 Dec 6;28(52):8268-74. PubMed PMID: 20969925. Epub 2010/10/26. eng. 28. Wang BZ, Quan FS, Kang SM, Bozja J, Skountzou I, Compans RW. Incorporation of membrane-anchored flagellin into influenza virus-like particles enhances the breadth of immune responses. Journal of virology. 2008 Dec;82(23):11813-23. PubMed PMID: 18786995. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC2583664. Epub 2008/09/13. eng.

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