Introduction
Bananas are widely grown in Malaysia as it is highly in demand, it is ranked as the second largest fruit crops produced in Malaysia. Bananas are healthy to be consumed as it contains high vitamins and minerals (Ware, 2014). However, banana production in our country has decreased due to several factors such as the threat of various diseases, high cost of production and lack of diverse planting materials. Jong (2012) mentioned that around 50 % of the banana plantation in Malaysia is cultivated mainly for export, such as Pisang Cavendish.
The conventional way of banana planting are growing the bananas from their vegetative suckers. Nevertheless, this is not considered as an ideal method in banana production as the planting materials may carry viruses and fungal pathogen (Jong, 2012). Therefore, tissue culture is the alternative to the conventional method for banana production. Tissue culture method benefits the production of bananas by producing plants that are free of diseases, faster growth rates, greater yield and safe for human consumption (Increasing banana yields by using tissue culture method, n.d.). According to Tissue Culture (n.d.), the main purpose of tissue culture is to produce healthy plantlets that are free of virus diseases with high yields.
Micropropagation is one of the plant tissue culture techniques which is commonly used in producing banana tissue cultures. Micropropagation is defined as the production of whole plants from cell cultures derived from explants, according to Biotechnology: Tissue Culture (n.d.). It can be further divided into shoot culture, organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. Shoot-tip culture is the most commonly used method for commercial micropropagation. It has the main advan...
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....). The crop productions of tissue culture bananas are uniformed and can be supplied at any time all year round which is season independent. Conventional farming is depended on the weather and seasons. Besides that, conventional farming is not uniformed as some of the banana plants ripen faster than others therefore resulting an increase in cost of production (Tissue Culture, n.d.). The transportation of tissue culture bananas are also cheaper and easier compared to conventional farming.
Although the bananas produced from micropropagation have many advantages over the conventional method, tissue culture is considered as an expensive method with high production cost. Therefore, it is important to develop a low-cost micropropagation technique in order to make it affordable to the buyers, especially the farmers without compromising the quality of the plants produced.
Grafting as a means of managing disease and increasing yield has only recently begun to take off in much of the western world. In Asia, however, grafting has been an important agronomic technology since the 1920’s. (Kubota) Farmers in Asia first started grafting cucurbit species and then started grafting solanaceous plants such as eggplant and tomato. Producers in Japan and Korea readil...
India is the country that has large species of the tropical fruit trees. Most of the cultivation is not for the commercial purposes. They provide a source of livelihood and also have cultural and social value. These underutilized fruits have been able to sustain due to their nutritional support and also rural medicinal aspects. Jamun (Syzygium cumini) is also one type of the tropical fruit. It is an underutilized fruit. It has been able to sustain due to its medicinal properties, tasty and seasonal fruit. Jamun has huge potential prospects covering the areas of processed products.
8) Direct development towards the universal Cavendish and the Matooke varieties in order to broaden banana production and produce sizeable spillovers.
I believe that Soluri chose bananas because they are so widely known throughout our culture. Who has not seen a banana? Most people have played that game with their bananas of trying to figure out how long before they go black. Usually, it is a game of wait three days for them to turn from green to yellow; on the fourth day, have a banana for breakfast when they have finally reached to the point of golden goodness, only to come home from work on the fourth day to find the remaining bananas covered in black spots. I digress. Bananas have stood as symbols for many societal views. For the US, the banana has stood for their cultural and societal dominance over Honduras and other countries that supply the banana for consumption (3). For the Europeans however, the banana was a symbol of the "Crass popular culture of the United States shaped by both mass consumerism and
...ince, there is a need to use for advanced novel methods of culturing plant to furnish new means for quickly propagating,conserving of endangered species and also introducing exotic plants. The production of high quality planting material of exotic nature propagated from vegetative parts through tissue culture has created new opportunities in global trading. The exotic plants are advantageous for farmers;growers; nursery owners & rural employment. As exotic plants are restricted to their natural environment; the main benefit of tissue culture technology lies on production of high quality & uniform planting material that can be multiplied on a year round basis. The plant selected for such purpose is Stevia rabuadiana Bertoni. Objectives of study:
Plantains (members of the banana family), represent the number one fruit crop in the world, both in terms of production and commerce. Plantains are herbaceous plants which grow vigorously. Varieties of bananas vary in the size of the plant and the fruits, plant morphology, quality of the fruits and in the resistance to diseases and insects, yet most varieties cultivated are hybrids among these species. For the different ways of participating in food: cooked (green or ripe) or as fresh fruits; For its dual function: food and medicine; For having mitigated the hunger to the human being for centuries and to have conquered the world, the species of Banana -Plantain is considered the king of the vegetables. Bananas and plantains represent the number one fruit crop in the world, both in terms of production and commerce. Plantains are herbaceous plants which grow vigorously. Varieties of bananas vary in the size of the plant and the fruits, plant morphology, quality of the fruits and in the resistance to diseases and insects, yet most varieties cultivated are hybrids among these species.
Weakness- Seasonal prices which makes it hard to get the poor to eat more bananas.
Tissue culture allows for the growth of a plant without the use of seeds or pollination.
Keeping the above described scenario in view, this study will be carried out to establish such protocol for genetically uniform in vitro mass propagation of plantlets from apical meristem of different sugarcane genotypes, which will ultimately reduce the final cost and time of generated plantlets.
The cost of medium preparation can account for 30-35% of the micro propagated plant production. Therefore, low cost alternatives are necessary to reduce cost of production of tissue-cultured plants. The gelling agents such as agar contribute to 70% of total cost for the media. Howeverother components which are used for the tissue culture have minimum influence on the cost of production. Agar is most commonly used gelling agent for media preparation of solid and semisolid media. It contributes to the matrix potential, the humidity andaffects the availability of water and dissolved substances in the culture containers. Research findings show that sago, semolina, corn flour, laundry starch, rice powder, potato powder can be used as alternative for agar.
MS media composition, sucrose (30 g/l) and bacteriological grade agar-agar (8 g/l) were used throughout the study. For shoot induction, growth regulators, BA alone or in combination with IAA, were added to the MS basal medium. For root induction, strength MS basal medium supplemented with either IAA or IBA and the pH was adjusted 5.8. All the cultures were incubated in a culture room maintained at 25°C under 16 h/8 h light/dark cycle, 45 µmol m-2 s-irradiance level provided by cool white fluorescent tubes and with 55 - 60% relative humidity.[6]
Cloning will open you to the risk of a fungus or pests wiping out the whole crop, so it's important to pick plants that exhibit great resistance to fungus and pests. Pick the plant you feel will be the most reliable to reproduce in large scale, based on health, growth rate, resistance to pests, and potency. The quality of the high, and the type of buzz you get will be a very important determining factor.
Mangos are propagated either vegetatively or by seed. Two types were identified based on the mode of propagation: mono-embryonic and poly-embryonic. Mono-embryonic types are vegetatively propagated to produce new cultivars containing all of the desired characteristics. On the other hand, poly-embryonic types can be propagated vegetatively or by seed and able to produce two or more plants as mainly used as rootstock (Wanitprapha, K., et. al., 1991; Chia, C. L. et. al., 1988).
Carbohydrates and dietary fiber which is present in bananas are known to control the bowel movements which ultimately help in proper digestion. Banana is known to be good for those who are trying to get away from chronic constipation which is due to the pectin contents. Banana also is known to aid those who lessen stomach ulcers and lessening the possibility of developing gastric cancer. This fruit also is best possible and natural treatment for those suffering from acidity due to the antacid effect it has.
Our country has favorable conditions for the development of industrial crops and fruit trees: The climate is humid tropical monsoon with high heat, high humidity. There are many types of soil suitable industrial crops: feralit land in the mountains, alluvial soils of the plains. The labor abundant experience. Processing industry is growing; large market demand. Policies to encourage the development of the state. The development of industrial crops and fruit trees brought many great significance: Supply of raw materials for the processing industry, providing exports. To contribute to job creation, redistribution of labor on a national scale. Promote economic and social development in disadvantaged areas. Speaking of the achievements of agriculture, we will talk to the achievement of food production in our country recently: Rice planted area increased: 5.6 million hectares (1980) to 7.3 million hectares (2005). The crop structure has changed. Productivity increased at 4.9 tonnes / ha / year. Food production in paddy increased: 14.4 million tonnes (1980) to 39.5 million tons, including 36 million tons of rice (2005). Average food at over 470 kg / person / year. Vietnam is one of the leading rice exporter in the world. Acreage and crop production also increased rapidly. The Mekong Delta is the largest food producing countries, accounting