More handpicked essays just for you.
Conclusion to multiple intelligence
A Rounded Version of the Theory of Multiple Intelligences
Theory of multiple intelligences, developed by Howard Gardner
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Most believe that all students think the same, and should be graded equally. The only views people have in regards to intelligence according to Gardner (2011) is a “single, general capacity every human being possesses a greater or lesser extent ; that it can be defined or measured by standardized verbal instruments” (pg. xxviii). These notions initiated to pose the question if everyone actually thinks alike? If one test could accurately give a measurement of someone’s intelligence and help them adapt to overall society? After many years of research and testing it is believed that the Multiple Intelligences (MI) theory is the most effective teaching and educational method in this modern day and age. Although there has been mass debate over the numerous definitions of intelligence, this paper will support the argument of the MI theory as an effective educational practice while contrasting opposing views of its effectiveness in the classroom.
A Harvard psychologist, Howard Gardner is the founder, and creator of the MI theory. According to Armstrong (2009), Gardner’s main concern was those students who didn’t measure up in the standardized evaluations of the intelligence test done, objectively measured and then reduced to one number (pg. 5). Gardner was quoted stating:
It is of the utmost importance that we recognize and nurture all of the varied human intelligences, and all of the combinations of intelligences. We are all so different largely because we all have different combinations of intelligences. If we recognize this, I think we will have at least a better chance of dealing appropriately with the many problems that we face in the world (Armstrong, 2009, pg. 5).
Gardner felt that having just one uniformed way of assessing inte...
... middle of paper ...
...A: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Gardner, H. (2011). Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences (3rd Edition). New York, NY, USA: Basic Books.
Helding, L. (2009). Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences: musical intelligence. Journal of Singing, Volume 66(3), 193-199. doi: 01/01/2010.
Jordan, S. E. (1996). Multiple intelligences: Seven keys to opening closed minds. National Association of Secondary School Principals. NASSP Bulletin, 80(583), 29. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/216033813?accountid=8289
Pritchard, A. (2008). Ways of Learning. London, GBR: David Fulton Publishers.
Smith, M. K. (2002, 2008). Howard Gardner and Multiple Intelligences’, The Encyclopedia of Informal Education. Online Posting: Retrieved February 26, 2014. http://www.infed.org/mobi/howard-gardner-multiple-intelligences-and-education.
Traditional theories of intelligence do not account for the ambiguity of classes such as philosophy or for the wide range of interests a child can have. For example, contemporary theories such as Sternberg’s Theory of Intelligence and Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences both account for more than the general intelligence accounted for in traditional intelligence theories. According to Robert Sternberg’s Successful (Triarchic) Theory of Intelligence, are Hector’s difficulties in philosophy indicative of future difficulties in the business world? According to Sternberg’s Theory of Intelligence, Hector’s difficulty in philosophy will not negatively affect his future. Sternberg would instead focus on elements of successful intelligence like Hector’s involvement and contribution as an individual, as opposed to relying on intelligence measured by tests.
In Howard Gardner’s “Theory of Multiple Intelligences” he states that there are seven different kinds of intelligence. He alludes that everyone has the potential to be intelligent in an unconventional way. Gardner writes, “The question of the optimal definition of intelligence looms large in our inquiry. Indeed it is at the level of this definition that the theory of multiple intelligences diverges from the traditional points of view”(370). If one were to have a more conservative education, Gardner’s ideas would have been absurd because nobody would have understood them. People would have only understood intelligence as being smart in school. People with a conservative education would never look deeper into things. On the other hand, a liberal education teaches people to challenge what they have learned, if they do not agree with it. Gardner did just that. Alfred Binet believed that intelligence was measured by IQ tests. Gardner did not agree with this, so he did his own research on it. Because of Gardner’s liberal education, he was able to rise above those who received a more conservative education.
Howard Gardner used to define intelligence as “the ability to solve problems or to create products that are valued within one or more cultural settings” (Gardner 33). The modern day human being would most likely include the words “smart” and “dumb” in their definition of intelligence. Gardner questioned the belief of only one intelligence so he created his own theory that involved seven different discoveries. He didn’t want to call these discoveries “skills” or “talents” or gifts” because those all suggested a drawback so he decided on the word “intelligence,” creating his theory of multiple intelligences (Gardner 33). Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences including, linguistic, logical/mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, intrapersonal and interpersonal, has many implications for modern education and culture.
General intelligence tends to relate to various degrees with each other (Cohen 2012). An example of this is that if an individual is good in math, they may also be good in spelling. In this weeks reading we reviewed several different models of measurement of intelligence. In regard to these theories and general intelligence (g), the theories are various but have commonality and overlap. The Spearman's two-factor theory is if a test has high correlation with other test than the measurement of g is highly saturated (Cohen, 2012). The greater the importance of g on a test, the better the test is believed to predict intelligence
According to Howard Gardner (1991), every individual is born with a certain intelligence or potential intelligence. It is unfair to teach and/or assess an individual with a standard guideline or benchmark. This is mainly because every individual possess a different intellectual strength and different kinds of mind that learn, perform and understand in a different ways which is difficult to be changed. If an individual cannot understand the way we communicate, we should communicate in the way they can understand. Howard Gardner (1983), in his Multiple Intelligence Theory, proposes that human intelligence has seven dimensions that should be acknowledged and developed by the encouragement of learning and self-development and
Howard Gardner’s theory contains eight main multiple intelligence. As the years have progressed there have taken one out and is left with the main seven. These seven are: Linguistic, Mathematical, Spatial, bodily, Musical, Interpersonal, and Intrapersonal. These are found in everyone; however, each person will excel in one or two. Once teachers can determine what intelligence the students will exceed on and teach to their strengths the student will learn much more.
Intelligence tests have been developed by scientists as a tool to categorize army recruits or analyze school children. But still discussing what intelligence is, academics have a difficult time defining what intelligence tests should measure. According to the American researcher Thorndike, intelligence is only that what intelligence tests claim it is (Comer, Gould, & Furnham, 2013). Thus, depending on what is being researched in the test and depending on the scientist’s definition of intelligence the meaning of the word intelligence may vary a lot. This essay will discuss what intelligence is in order to be able to understand the intelligence theories and aims of intelligence tests.
Charles Spearman's model of intelligence and Howard Gardner's multiple intelligence theory are two of the most widely used theories of intelligence. In order to understand how similar the two theories are we must first understand their differences. These two men differed in opinion on how IQ and intelligence should be measured, and they differed in opinion on what made a person "smart". In order to examine these things they first had to understand the human brain and how it works. They had to examine the human study habits and rituals, along with the human test taking habits.
Howard Gardner is the “John H. and Elisabeth A. Hobbs Professor of Cognition and Education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education and Adjunct Professor of Neurology at the Boston University School of Medicine, and Senior Director of Harvard Project Zero” (Gardner bio, Multiple Intelligences and Education, MI Theory, and Project Zero). As director of Project Zero, it provided and environment that Gardner could begin the exploration of human cognition (Multiple Intelligences and Education). Project Zero colleagues have been designing assessment and the use of multiple intelligences (MI) to realize more personalized curriculum, instruction, and teaching methods; and the quality of crossing traditional boundaries between academic disciplines or schools of thought in education (Gardner bio). MI theories offer tools to educators that will allow more people to master learning in an effective way and to help people “achieve their potential at the workplace, in occupations, and in the service of the wider world” (Gardner papers).
Gardner believes that all people excel in at least one category of intelligence. However, he cautions teachers using the multiple intelligence approach in the classroom: “Do not label kids as ‘spatial, but not linguistic’ or, for that...
Gardner’s theory of MI offers an alternative view of intelligence which has measured intelligence based on the results that would predict success in the current educational system. Furham (2009) sums up Gardner’s definition as “the ability to solve problems or to create products that are valued within one or more cultural settings”. This definition suggests that human intelligence is comprised of more than the predictable success in a western school system. Gardner argues that traditional definitions of intelligence and intelligence testing are too narrow and marginalize people who do not fit traditional education system that focuses on visual–spatial, verbal–linguistic, and logical–mathematical intelligences. He supports this with unique cases of idiots savant, who are people with low IQs but excel in skills in areas not measured through tradition IQ tests (Arnett, 2013). MI theory proposes that individual’s intelligence can be differentiated on eight different modalities:
This is an essay about the different theories of intelligence; it will discuss which theory is best at determining intelligence in my opinion. The information provided will help describe the pros and cons of each of the theories being used to define intelligence, explain why is it important to assess children’s intelligence, and discuss the type of intelligence I possess. The different theories of intelligence are complex and understanding the elements of each can help an individual choose the one that they believe is the best for determining intelligence. Comparing the positive and the negative elements of each theory of intelligence will allow an individual to see both sides of the theory and the flaws that may be twisted
The study of IQ and how it operates in the education field has been argued through various theories. Theorist such as Howard Garner, R...
Howard Gardner, a professor at Harvard, introduced his theory of multiple intelligences in 1983. Multiple intelligence’s is a theory about the brain that says human beings are born with single intelligence that cannot be changed, and is measurable by a psychologist. Gardner believes that there are eight different intelligences in humans. The eight are verbal linguistic, visual spatial, bodily kinesthetic, mathematical logic, musical, intrapersonal, interpersonal, and naturalist. Understanding these intelligence’s will help us to design our classroom and curriculum in a way that will appeal to all of our students. We might also be able to curve discipline problems by reaching a student in a different way. One that will make more sense to them and more enjoyable. We can include all of the intelligences in lessons to accommodate all of the students’ different learning styles at once. By reaching each students intelligence we can assume that a student will perform better which, could mean students retaining more important information. A students learning style can also help lead them into a more appropriate career direction. As a teacher you can also learn your own personal learning style or intelligence to help improve the way you learn and teach.
According to this theory, Gardner believed people have multiple different ways of thinking and learning. He has identified and described nine different kinds of intelligence. The first is visual-spatial intelligence, which is the enjoyment of and facility with images, drawing, construction games and tactile puzzles. The second is linguistic-verbal intelligence, which involves sensitivity to spoken and written language, the ability to learn languages, and the capacity to use language to accomplish certain goals. The third is mathematical intelligence, which consists of the capacity to analyze problems logically, carry out mathematical operations, and investigate issues scientifically. The fourth is kinesthetic learning, which is the enjoyment of and facility with activities that involve touch and movement, dance, sport and other practical activities. The fifth is musical intelligence, which involves skill in the performance, composition, and appreciation of musical patterns. The sixth is interpersonal intelligence, which is concerned with the capacity to understand the intentions, motivations and desires of other people. The seventh is intrapersonal intelligence, which entails the capacity to understand oneself, to appreciate one’s feelings, fears and motivations. The eight is naturalistic intelligence, which is the enjoyment of and facility with the natural world, with ability in recognizing patterns and classification. The ninth is existential intelligence, which is the enjoyment of and facility with asking and examining questions about life, death and ultimate