Although the 2003 Mexican health care system reform has increased service coverage, affordability and accessibility for the poorest 20% of the population, it has yet to significantly refine and standardize service quality and efficiency, as well as counter epidemiological population changes. The Mexican health care system prior to the 2003 reform, was an unequal, employment based hierarchal system, where the coverage received by citizens depended on whether or not they were part of the formal sector. Throughout the 1940s, health care insurance was available to Mexican citizens, however only the 50% of the population officially employed in the official job sector (public and private). Established in 1943, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), and the Ministry of Health (MOH), crucial factors of the current health system, provide health services to the population. IMSS, although the largest distributor of medical care in Mexico treating 40% of Mexico’s population of roughly 100 million, reserves services exclusively for employees of the private job sector. MOH, on the other hand, offers medical services to the remaining half of the population not covered by government regulated social security. However, due to government decentralization and increased freedom for individual state government health regulations during the 1980s-1990s, low standardization led to inequality and inefficiency in the provision of medical treatment, as well as increased poverty. While providing medical services to to citizens without health insurance, inadequate government funding and deficiencies within the health care system caused widespread destitution, and substandard medical services for the poorer half of the population. While the Ministry of... ... middle of paper ... ...pbs.org/newshour/rundown/mexico-nears-universal-health-care-goal/. Ordoñez Ramírez, Adriana S. E-mail interview by Tara Kohli. Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico. February 24, 2014. (Ordoñez Ramírez is a doctor, and the wife of a doctor as well.) Vance, Erik. "Mexico Chalks up Success in Health-Care Reforms." Nature. Accessed January 30, 2014. doi:10.1038/nature.2012.11222. World Bank. 2008. Providing Subsidized Health Insurance to the Poor. Reaching the Poor with Health Services Mexico. Washington, DC: World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/01/9455844/providing-subsidized-health-insurance-poor Whyte, Sheila. Sheila Whyte to CBC News newsgroup, "How Mexico's Health System Works," May 4, 2009. Accessed January 30, 2014. http://www.cbc.ca/news/ technology/how-mexico-s-health-system-works-1.777348.
Healthcare is one of the main pillars of development that hold a country in great position. The aim of every healthcare organization is to provide quality medical care to all human beings right from infants to old generation (Koutsogeorgou, 2014). Usually, this is achieved by having adequate medicine, competent and enough medical staffs, sufficient medical centers or hospitals as well as efficient and effective medical equipment. Besides, the government also plays a vital role in ensuring that every citizen gets the best medical care as a means of reducing high mortality rates that affect their people. However, many of these health facilities face many challenges and instead of keeping death rates low, the reverse happens. Lately, hospitals in Venezuela have been underperforming, and this has been characterized by increased infant mortality as well as lack of medicine in those hospitals, a factor that has contributed much to the current crisis facing the country. Based on the background mentioned above, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate what has contributed to the crisis, how is has happened, and the possible recommendation or course of action that can be undertaken to correct the situation.
After the Mexican-American War (1846-1848) roughly 77,000 Mexican people became citizens of the United States. Since then many of these citizens and later immigrants have been treated as unequal persons or worse. In the early part of the 20th century Mexican Americans faced injustices such as segregation, inequalities in employment, housing, education, and even frequent hangings. Further, they were not allowed to vote due to the fact that many of them had difficulty understanding English, and were not permitted to learn the language. Mexicans were not allowed to vote, and when they finally were they had to pay money for the right to vote. A large number of the Mexican people did not have the money to pay for this right, so their white bosses paid the fee and told them to vote for a candidate that favored the boss.
Women in Mexico and the United States of America have played an important role structuring their society and elevating their status. Between 1846 and 1930, the stereotype and position of women within these countries differed vastly from one another. While various traditional roles of women remained the same, the manner in which they were viewed differed. In many ways, women in Mexico held a higher position than those in the United States during this time.
A revolution occurs when a need for drastic change is necessary to alter ones way of living. The change they are fighting for would end up to be a positive impact once victory prevails, but of course with every battle there are disagreements and violent quarrels. Revolution may seem to be a negative connotation, but there are always two sides to every story. Just like many other countries around the world a Latin American country called Mexico went through a revolution of their own. Although the Mexican Revolution was mainly fought for the distribution of land, it opened a gateway for the women. One of their main issues during the Mexican revolution dealt with women and their struggled determination for equality. Having many roles in society with restrictions placed upon them, an urge for mobilization, and a wonderfully strong woman role model named Hermila Galindo, it gave them all a reason for the extra push they needed for the change they wanted for the future. Being able to finally put their voice in action the women of Mexico fought proudly for what they believed was right.
Despite the established health care facilities in the United States, most citizens do not have access to proper medical care. We must appreciate from the very onset that a healthy and strong nation must have a proper health care system. Such a health system should be available and affordable to all. The cost of health services is high. In fact, the ...
Urrutia-Rojas, X., Marshall, K., Trevino, E., Lurie, S. G., & Minguia-Bayona, G. (2006). Disparities in access to health care and health status between documented and undocumented Mexican immigrants in North Texas. Hispanic Health Care International , 4 (1), 5-14.
The constitution of the World Health Organization states that “The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition” (Koh and Nowinski 2010 pp 949). One would hope that this sentiment would also include the low income women of our society, however it has become a harsh reality amongst poverty stricken women that fair and affordable health care is difficult to provide for themselves and for their families. Women with an income below the federal poverty level are at a higher risk of being uninsured or under insured than the general population (Legerski, 2012). The inability to acquire adequate health insurance both privately offered and state funded, in particular can be a serious barrier to low income women's ability to seek health care (Magge, 2013). Furthermore poverty can cause some women to engage in dangerous “street involvement” causing health care providers to act with unjust prejudice in regard to their health care (Bungay, 2013). This paper will attempt to further address and justify these broad statements regarding low income women and their relationship to health care. It makes the argument that if we must see the highest attainable standard of health care as a fundamental human right than by not safeguarding our society’s impoverished women from these trials and tribulations are we not, as a country making a concession that low income women are less worthy or these rights?
Mexico is a country that is led by a federation government which is democratic, representative, and republican based on presidential system since Constitution of 1917. The constitution has government in three levels: federal Union, state, and municipal governments. Officials at three levels are elected by voters. Mexico is fifth largest country in Americas and most populous country in world that speaks Spanish. Mexico is currently in a transformation to help the country grow both economically and politically with the current president taking extreme steps to move ahead.
To further understand the US healthcare system and put in context how health coverage is provided to its population it is important to compare the US health system to another country like the Netherlands. In the Netherlands healthcare coverage has been achieved through competitive insurance markets similar to the US and the Dutch government does not control prices, productive capacity or funds but instead only acts as a regulator (Daley & Gubb, 2011). In 2006 the Dutch government held healthcare reforms because the country faced an issue that was very similar to the US, in regards to healthcare coverage inequalities, the population was covered through private and public health insurance, with stable private health insurance for the wealthy and unstable public insurance which lacked patient focus and was inefficient in comparison (Daley & Gubb, 2011). Many factors called for healthcare reformation in the Netherlands like a disarranged structure that ineffectively controlled cream skimming, lack of competitive incentives that for insurance companies resulting in bad performance, and the rising premiums
I got to experience living in two different places. They were both very different but, at the same time they had some things in common. I got the privilege of living in Mexico for about three years which was when I was five and once I turn seven I moved back to the United States where I had to repeat first grade. Living in Mexico and living in the United States was great but, the value of money, the language,and the weather were some of the situations that could be easily compared and contrast.
Proper health is not a luxury but an essential service which ensures people are able to work efficiently. It is the duty of the government to make sure that its citizens can access the necessary healthcare services regardless of their financial status or location. Therefore, the government has put in place healthcare policies which ensure that every citizen is able to access the facilities efficiently (Boltyenkov, 2015). The policies in the healthcare system keep changing now and then depending on the economy of the country. The economy greatly influences the distribution and quality of healthcare services. When a country has a good economy, most of its citizens are likely to afford most services at an affordable rate (Boltyenkov, 2015). However,
Right to health is one of the basic human rights without distinction of ethnicity, religion, race or socio-economic conditions. As a consequence, all of people have the same right to the highest attainable standards of health both physically and mentally including access to various medical services with affordable and proper quality (WHO, 2008). Furthermore, the government should ensure the availability of health facilities to improve health conditions for all citizens. In fact, disparities in access to health services often occur in many countries (Barten, Mitlin, Mulholland, Hardoy, & Stern, 2007). One of the main factors that trigger such
Access to health does not only relate to how available the services are but also how they are delivered at the point of care. People should have access to equity healthcare which means the provision of fair goods and services and opportunities needed for the physical, psychological and spiritual health (McGibbon, Etowa & McPherson, 2008). These health services can be made available through the creation of more public clinics and hospitals. Several studies done in developing countries indicates that introducing medical user fees leads to reducing utilization which tends to affect the poor (CSDH, 2008).
According to Stoner and McFaul when the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) was defeated and voted out of office in 2000 this turnout allowed for a completion of a successful transition to democracy in Mexico (264). Although a transition did occur and Mexico does have solid democratic foundations, bewildering corruption, poor rule of law, and narco related violence have halted Mexican democratic consolidation.
According to Roy, 2013 the issues of providing the affordable care act will unite both the supporters and offenders of the public policy, but in this current situation where the input costs are rising, it will become impossible for government in managing the public policy related to affordable health care. In order to provide affordable health care, majority of the US government has tried out different policies time to time, but unable to get success in realizing the actual policy goals. By providing the affordable health care to majority of the people who requires more amount as controlling the input cost is not possible (AAMC, 2013). Lack of doctors is one of the primary issue in providing high quality health care to the citizens especially those who are financially poor. The Supreme Court of the country passed an Act related to Health insurance as all should have Health Insurance to all the country people by the year 2014, but the at the same time government is concerned about constitutionality of these act (NYTimes, 2013).