1. L. L. Thurston’s theory of intelligence identifies seven recognizable intellectual abilities: spatial ability, memory, perceptual speed, word fluency, numerical ability, reasoning, and verbal meaning. Thurman argued multiple factors go into making up intelligence and although there may be some correlation between mental abilities, each ability is relatively independent of each other. A person having remarkable spatial ability or the ability to rotate an object and estimate horizontal and vertical dimensions might be deficient in word fluency or the ability to generate words rapidly. Robert Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence argues intelligence is not just analytical but, a combination of three factors of human ability: analytical, creative, and practical. Analytical intelligence focuses on the ability to acquire knowledge allowing us to learn new processes, solve problems, and perform tasks. Creative intelligence focuses on gaining insight, developing and applying new ideas, adapting creatively to new tasks and, responding effectively in new situations. Practical intelligence focuses on the ability to develop solutions to practical and personal problems confronted in everyday life. 2. Culture-fair tests are non-verbal group intelligence tests that do not rely on a subject’s cultural skills, values, or language. For example in The Goodenough-Harris Drawing Test, subjects are asked to draw a picture of a person. Analysts examine the pictures proportions, details, representations of the body parts, etc. Another example of a culture-fair test is the Progressive Matrices test where subjects are given a picture with a missing part than asked to complete the picture with a number of possible choices. Performance tests... ... middle of paper ... ... relevant samples of all aspects of the skills measured. Firefighters must pass a physical test equivalent to the physical tasks required fighting fires. Physical requirements of a firefighter include the ability lift 75 pounds while wearing a respirator and being able to run up flights of stairs. Criterion-related validity compares test scores with a well-established independent measure known to be valid. At Bluebonnet Homes, an Intermediate Care Facility for Persons with Mental Retardation (ICF/MR), potential employees are asked a series of real-life questions modeling experiences they will encounter while on the job. The potential employee’s ability to identify the exact problem in each of the scenarios and the solutions they determine correct help trainers to assess future job success. High scores on the assessment activities predict successful job performance.
Traditional theories of intelligence do not account for the ambiguity of classes such as philosophy or for the wide range of interests a child can have. For example, contemporary theories such as Sternberg’s Theory of Intelligence and Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences both account for more than the general intelligence accounted for in traditional intelligence theories. According to Robert Sternberg’s Successful (Triarchic) Theory of Intelligence, are Hector’s difficulties in philosophy indicative of future difficulties in the business world? According to Sternberg’s Theory of Intelligence, Hector’s difficulty in philosophy will not negatively affect his future. Sternberg would instead focus on elements of successful intelligence like Hector’s involvement and contribution as an individual, as opposed to relying on intelligence measured by tests.
General intelligence tends to relate to various degrees with each other (Cohen 2012). An example of this is that if an individual is good in math, they may also be good in spelling. In this weeks reading we reviewed several different models of measurement of intelligence. In regard to these theories and general intelligence (g), the theories are various but have commonality and overlap. The Spearman's two-factor theory is if a test has high correlation with other test than the measurement of g is highly saturated (Cohen, 2012). The greater the importance of g on a test, the better the test is believed to predict intelligence
Sternberg’s theory is composed of three sub parts; analytical, creative, and practical. Analytical intelligence refers to one’s ability to take apart and solve problems that do not seem so simple to solve. For example being able to solve complex math problems with less effort than people who have less analytical intelligence. This type of intelligence is the one that is most commonly tested, usually in school and in IQ tests. People with lower analytical intelligence usually have a harder time in school and have lower IQ scores making this seem like an unfair way to test intelligence. The second type of intelligence mentioned by Sternberg is creative intelligence. Creative intelligence deals with how well one can perform a task depending on how familiar the task is. People with higher creative intelligence can usually perform an unfamiliar task fairly well, compared to people with lower creative intelligence. The third type of intelligence that Sternberg theorizes is practical intelligence. Commonly referred to as “street smarts” this type of intelligence refers to people who can quickly adapt to the demands of the
One such theory is that of Sternberg; Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence categorizes intelligence into three different types: analytical, creative, and practical (Santrock, 2017, pg. 292). Another theory about types of intelligence is Gardner's Eight Frames of Mind. Gardner's Eight Frames of Mind consists of eight categories that describe different types of intelligence, these categories include: verbal, mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist (Santrock, 2017, pg. 293). The importance of recognizing that there are different types of intelligence is that it redefines the way one looks at intelligence as a whole. For instance, say a person is not skilled in mathematics and fails majority of their math courses, one may think this person is just not intelligent. However, acknowledging the different types of intelligence would help one to see that while they may not be a person who is skilled in mathematics, they may be incredibly musically skilled or be great with interpersonal
Howard Gardner’s theory contains eight main multiple intelligence. As the years have progressed there have taken one out and is left with the main seven. These seven are: Linguistic, Mathematical, Spatial, bodily, Musical, Interpersonal, and Intrapersonal. These are found in everyone; however, each person will excel in one or two. Once teachers can determine what intelligence the students will exceed on and teach to their strengths the student will learn much more.
The triarchic theory of intelligence describes that there are three connected components. The internal, external and experiential, also called analytic, creative and practical components (Comer et al., 2013). The successful interaction between these elements is what makes a person intelligent.
Charles Spearman's model of intelligence and Howard Gardner's multiple intelligence theory are two of the most widely used theories of intelligence. In order to understand how similar the two theories are we must first understand their differences. These two men differed in opinion on how IQ and intelligence should be measured, and they differed in opinion on what made a person "smart". In order to examine these things they first had to understand the human brain and how it works. They had to examine the human study habits and rituals, along with the human test taking habits.
Mental illness can negatively affect the chances for successful reentry. According to Mallik-Kane and Visher (2008) study ex-offenders with mental health conditions have more housing difficulties compared to other returning prisoners, had poor employment outcomes, and received less support from families. Thus, ex-offenders with mental health issues may experience greater difficulty in successful reintegration and higher chances of recidivism, especially if services are not provided for their illness. Consequently, G’s borderline personality disorder (BPD) can affect her chances of recidivism therefore, an approach for cognitive behavioral therapy is recommended for a year at Central City Community Health Care.
The name The name of my book is Mental Illness by Gilda Berger. Mental illness is a disorder characterized by disturbances in a person’s thoughts, emotions, or behavior. The term mental illness can refer to a wide variety of disorders, ranging from those that cause mild distress to those that severely impair a person’s ability to function. Today, mental illness is considered to range from such ideas as eating disorders to personality disorders.
The true nature of intelligence has been debated more intensely then ever over the last century. As the science of psychology has developed one of the biggest questions it had to answer concerned the nature of Intelligence. Some of the definitions that have been given for intelligence have been the ability to adjust to one’s environment. Of course by such a definition even a person who is generally considered to be dull can be regarded as being intelligent if he can take care of himself. Other definition is such as having the tendency to analyze things around yourself. However it can be argued that such behavior can lead to over-analyzing things and not reacting to one’s environment and dealing with it in an intelligent manner.
The cognitive ability level of different ethnic subgroups has been a controversial topic among the psychologists for over a century. One of the main aspects regarding this issue is the validity of the Cognitive ability tests like SAT, ACT etc. Is the cognitive ability tests used commonly, for important placement and selection in the domains of educational admissions, civilian employment and the military, fair? Or are they biased on the basis of race or ethnicity? Many studies indicate that a fair amount of bias is present with cognitive ability test takers of different ethnicities. In a study done recently by an Organizational Psychology Department,
Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligence focuses more on how numerical expressions of human intelligence are not a full and accurate depiction of people’s abilities (McFarlane, 2011). He includes and describes eight intelligences that are based on skills and abilities that are valued within different cultures. The eight intelligences include visual-spatial (e.g. sailor navigating with no navigational systems), verbal-linguistic (e.g. poets, writers, orators, and communicators), bodily-kinesthetic (e.g. dancers, athletes, surgeons, craftspeople), logical-mathematical (e.g. mathematicians and logicians), interpersonal(e.g. salespeople, teachers, clinicians, politicians, and religious leaders), musical (e.g. musicians and
In 1983, Howard Gardner a Harvard professor proposed the theory that individual can have multiple ways of learning and processing information. The multiple intelligences consist of 9 different ways and these include: verbal-linguistic, logical-mathematical, visual-spatial, existential, musical, naturalistic, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. Every individual has a different amount of each intelligence but each intelligence is at a varying level. With the help of a multiple intelligences assessment, I found that my top three multiple intelligences are Intrapersonal, logical, and interpersonal. Within his research Gardner says that “Intrapersonal intelligence refers to people’s ability to recognize and assess those same characteristics
Howard Gardner, a professor at Harvard, introduced his theory of multiple intelligences in 1983. Multiple intelligence’s is a theory about the brain that says human beings are born with single intelligence that cannot be changed, and is measurable by a psychologist. Gardner believes that there are eight different intelligences in humans. The eight are verbal linguistic, visual spatial, bodily kinesthetic, mathematical logic, musical, intrapersonal, interpersonal, and naturalist. Understanding these intelligence’s will help us to design our classroom and curriculum in a way that will appeal to all of our students. We might also be able to curve discipline problems by reaching a student in a different way. One that will make more sense to them and more enjoyable. We can include all of the intelligences in lessons to accommodate all of the students’ different learning styles at once. By reaching each students intelligence we can assume that a student will perform better which, could mean students retaining more important information. A students learning style can also help lead them into a more appropriate career direction. As a teacher you can also learn your own personal learning style or intelligence to help improve the way you learn and teach.
Mental Retardation Mental retardation is defined as, an individual with limitations in cognitive ability and adaptive behaviors that interfere with learning. Individuals with mental retardation learn at a slower pace, have low IQs, and may reach a level where learning stops. There are no exact causes for mental retardation but some things are associated with the disability. Prenatal development problems, childbirth difficulties, and a childhood brain injury can all lead to mental retardation. An individual with mental retardation might have problems in learning and social skills.