There has been conflicting research and advice about the safety of hormones with the increase in the aging female population within the last twenty years (National Institute on Aging). Hormone therapy has demonstrated to be the most effective FDA approved medication in the relief of menopausal symptoms, but these benefits must be weighed against serious adverse effects that hormones can cause. Although many women differ in their response to hormone products, MHT has been universally linked to an increased risk of heart disease, heart attack, blood clots, and strokes. Concerns about the findings discovered in the clinical and observation trials performed on MHT, have left some doctors and women hesitant in utilizing MHT to combat menopausal symptoms.
Menopause, also know as “the change” is a normal stage in the life cycle of aging women. During menopause a women’s body slowly produces less of the two female hormones, estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen promotes the normal development of the female breast and uterus, controls the ovulation cycle, and affects women’s physical and emotional health, while progesterone controls menstruation and prepares the lining of the uterus to receive the fertilized egg.
During perimenopause, the years prior to the onset of complete menopause, the levels of estrogen and progesterone fluctuate as the ovaries begin to shrink in an attempt to maintain hormone production. Perimenopause lasts several years. During this stage of menopause, women experience irregular menstrual cycles in conjunction with unpredictable episodes of heavy bleeding.
Menopause is marked by the cessation of the menstrual cycle for twelve consecutive months. Natural menopause varies in timing from woman to woman, but typ...
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Phytotherapeutic treatments for menopause related symptoms. (2011, June 22). Australian Journal of Medical Herbalism, 1, 12-21.
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In clinical practice today the population is increasing in the number of elderly patients, as is the occurrence of breast cancer in women 60 years of age and older. According to Tang et al. (2011) the occurrence of breast cancer in women 65 years old and older is greater than “400 cases per 100, 000 women” (p. 3). The appropriate treatment options for the elderly are not as standard as those for a younger generation related to the effects the aging process has on the body. Secondary conditions such as congestive heart failure (CHF), diabetes mellitus (DM), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and the effects of treatment on functionality are also considered when deciding treatment as well as polypharmacy with the elderly patients. According to Jones, Leak, Muss (2012) treatment options of elderly breast cancer patients requires determine if cancer is the primary illness related to the existing co-illnesses impact on breast cancer and survival rate.
Women who have taken estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after menopause have a higher risk of ovarian cancer.
Resources - CDC. 2015. The 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' of the 'Se Minority Health. Retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/minorityhealth/index.html. Grand Canyon University. 2015.
Since HRT is an individual decision, women ought to examine the dangers and advantages with their health care provider. conclusion, postmenopausal hormone treatment utilize expanded significantly amid the previous twenty years in view of an overall confidence in its medical advantages. Late confirmation (talked about in this exposition) showed unfavorable cardiovascular ailment occasions, bosom growth and different dangers with hormone treatment as oral estrogen joined with progestin. (13) I trust that data about the dangers and advantages of HRT ought to be joined through instructive as well as legislative associations much before menopause starts, with the goal that avoidance of osteoporosis might be achieved. I would not encourage a lady to go for broke measure substantially more than the advantages, however the choice is exclusively up to the person. Above all, regardless of whether HRT ought to be regulated relies on one's personal satisfaction especially on account of osteoporosis. An alternate perspective of menopause will help a lady to acknowledge the progressions that normally happen amid menopause. Such view is that it is a characteristic and physiological period of a lady's life and that adjustments in the way of life including mental, enthusiastic and physical are important. Moreover, contrasting options to HRT, for example, home grown solution, homeopathy,
This includes the release of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from anterior pituitary gland which in turn stimulates ovary to secrete estrogen and progesterone hormone (Nelson, 2014). According to Mtawali et. al (1997), the changes of hormone will lead to changes in the female reproductive organ such as ovaries, uterus and cervix . Additionally, Mtawali et al. (1997) state the menstrual cycle can be divided into phases based on the changes that occur simultaneously in the ovary (involving the follicular and luteal phase) and the uterus (involving the proliferative, secretory and menstrual phase) as shown in figure 2. Based on figure 1, Mtawali et. al (1997) divide the menstrual into several phases, starting with follicular phase and proliferative phase, followed by luteal phase and secretory phase, menstrual phase (if there is no fertilization) and pregnancy (if fertilization
Menopause is a time of awesome hormonal fluctuations. When doctors measure hormone levels in perimenopause, the years just before the periods finally stop; they find that the levels can change markedly from day to day. This may lead to emotional upheaval that may last for several years.
The menstrual cycle occurs in the uterus and the ovary as a part of making sexual reproduction possible. The menstrual cycle is a monthly occurrence and happens so the ovary can produce eggs and the uterus can get ready for an egg becoming fertilized. (Wikipedia) The menstrual cycle is a complex cycle and is controlled by hormones produced by many different glands. The hypothalamus causes the pituitary gland to produces chemicals which then cause the ovaries to produce the sex hormones oestrogen and progesterone. Each gland and structure is affected by the activity of another which is a biofeedback . The menstrual cycle has been assumed to last around 28 days and happens in four stages, the menstrual phase (day 1-5), follicular phase (day 1-13), ovulation phase (day 14) and the luteal phase (day 15-28). The day count for the menstrual cycle starts on the first day that the blood comes out of the vagina. (Women’s Health)
Many of the fears during menopause transition are of biopsychosocial; which means the biological, psychological, and social characteristics in contrast to the strict biomedical aspects of disease. There are some women haves some physiological changes, which may be influenced by a range of psychological, social and cultural factors. Some of these symptoms are crying for no reason, problems in concentrating, excessive worry, low self-esteem, ...
B. The Strength of Association Between Systemic Postmenopausal Osteoporosis and Periodontal Disease,” indicated that osteoporosis may contribute to periodontal attachment loss. The study included 20 women known to have lower bone density and they were compared to the same factors found in 22 women of normal bone dentistry. The subjects with osteoporosis did not have significant greater pocket depths than the control group with normal density. The subjects did however have significantly greater gingival recession compared to the control
While estrogen and testosterone levels experience a drop during perimenopause and menopause stages, it doesn’t mean that a woman’s sex drive will just completely vanish. She won’t be in the mood as often as she was in her 20s or 30s, but her sexual interest remains, which is good enough to maintain a great sex life even in her 40s.
Menopause is a rite of passage that many women either mourn or celebrate. The reasons behind the emotions are as varied as the women that have them. Most women are not truly prepared for the changes that take place during menopause; and some women are not aware of the magnitude of the changes to come. Unlike the rite of passage for young women into puberty, where the changes in her body are openly explained and celebrated; that kind of conversation and celebration does not happen for most women transitioning into midlife. Sadly, that lack of communication leaves some women in the dark about the emotional and physiological changes their bodies will experience. Unfortunately, during menopause, some women will experience additional life
It can be concluded that, the estrous cycle is a cycle where the females recur the changes physiologically induced by the reproductive hormones. The cycle begins after the female mature sexually and it is interrupted by the pregnancies. Estrous cycle will continue until the death of the female.
According to the CDC (2015), age is considered the leading cause of menopause or the end of a female’s childbearing years. Perimenopausal symptoms are similar to menopausal symptoms, but a patient’s life is really impacted due to the decreased risk of having children. The PICOT for this capstone is: In perimenopausal symptom females (P), who use holistic herbal therapies (I) compared to similar groups who use contemporary therapies (C) will show an improved quality of life and decreased negative menopause symptoms (O) over a six month period (T). According to the Cleveland Clinic (2016), perimenopause or menopause transition can begin around age 30, 40, or eight to 10 years before traditional menopause when the ovaries slowly decrease the amount of estrogen. Also, perimenopause can endure over one to two years up until menopause at which time the ovaries will completely stop the release