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Essays on indigenous culture
Indigenous religions
Indigenous religions
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In the Congo, of Africa, lives a tribe known as the Mbuti. They are pygmies (dwarf like people) living in a luscious rain forest known as the Ituri. The Ituri Forest existed prior to the last ice age. The universe of the rainforest is one of purged sunlight below a lofty, expansive cloak of trees, where abysmal peace exists with the punctuating cries of the numerous birds and animals that share the forest with the Mbuti. A consistent, peacefully affable warmth, ample rainfall, damp air, and rich earth nurture the abundance of vegetation that grows. The abundance of vegetation benefits animals, birds, and insects that are soon to become a nutrimental source of the Mbuti diet. The culture of the Mbuti derived from their dependents on the forest for survival. They believe the forest is the center of their universe and everything good or bad must come through it. The forest is a sacred haven to the tribe. They have a culture that is all their own and may seem mysterious to those who are not accustomed to their unique way of living (Tanner, p. 626-627, 1982 ). They have certain beliefs and customs that have resisted change for thousands of years, but with human influence, this is subject to change. This research paper discusses the kinship, social organization, and social change and beliefs. The Mbuti have dwelled in the Ituri Forest for thousands of years. Studies suggest the Mbuti may be the earliest inhabitants of Africa. The Egyptians were the first to document the existence of the “pygmy” society in 2500 B.C... They referred to the Mbuti as "people of the trees", due to their ability to maneuver through the trees. They saw the Mbuti as a group of people singing and dancing enjoying the gift of life. They were also written ...
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...ology. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu
Okotie, H. (2008). THERE is no food in the house: Gender masculinity and human security in Nigeria .Ife Psychologia, pars. 1-6. Retrieved from http://proquest.umi.com/ pqdweb?index=9&did=1637151781&SrchMode=1&sid=5&Fmt=3&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1296891225&clientId=74379
Peterson, J. T. (1978, June). Hunter-Gatherer/Farmer Exchange. American Anthropologist, 80, 335-351.Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/676857
Role of showoff hypothesis in social decisions investigated. (2006, March 8). UPI Space Daily.
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Suroviak, C. (1996). The Mbuti of Zaire. Retrieved 1996, from http://www.ucc.uconn.edu/~epsadm03/mbuti.html
One of the most interesting indigenous groups in the world is the Batek of Malaysia, this is a group of people that live in the oldest rain forest of peninsular Malaysia. Orang ASli means “Original people” in the native Malay Language, and they truly are the original people of the land. Being a nomadic group of hunters and gatherers, means that they are at the mercy of the land and the elements for survival. Batek beliefs note that, the rainforest was created by “superhuman” beings for the Batek to use and will destroy the world and everything on it if the Batek were ever to leave the rainforest ( K.M. Endcott 1979a; Lye 2004). The Batek believe that the “superhuman” beings created the forest for the Batek to harvest, build houses in, and provide also to decorations for their ceremonial rituals.
Marjorie Shostak, an anthropologist who had written this book had studies the !Kung tribe for two years. Shostak had spent the two years interviewing the women in the society. The !Kung tribe resided n the Dobe area of Northwest Botswana, that’s infused with a series of clicks, represented on paper by exclamation points and slashes. Shostak had studied that the people of the tribe relied mostly on nuts of the mongongo, which is from an indigenous tree that’s part of their diet.
Wade Davis’ article, Among the Waorani, provides much of the content brought to light in Nomads of the Rainforest. His article delves deeper into their culture and motivations allowing one to more fully understand their beliefs, relationships, and savagery. Both the documentary and article attempt to create a picture of their close-knit relationships and their desire f...
By analyzing the Kawaiisu, a Great Basin Native tribe, I want to explore cultural wonders and observe their society as I compare an aspect of interest with that of another culture in the world, the Chuuk. Comparing different societies of the world will allow me to successfully learn about the Kawaiisu people in a more detailed and open minded manner. Populations all around the world throughout time have had different views and traditions of beliefs. Through this project, I hope to unravel and gain an understanding of different perspectives and ways of life.
This paper addresses the results of interviews, observations, and research of life in the Ottawa tribe, how they see themselves and others in society and in the tribe. I mainly focused on The Little River Band of Ottawa Indian tribe. I researched their languages, pecking order, and interviewed to discover the rituals, and traditions that they believe in. In this essay I revealed how they see themselves in society. How they see other people, how they see each other, what their values were, what a typical day was etc. I initially suspected that I would have got different responses from these questions but in reality the results in the questions were almost completely the same. I studied this topic because mostly all the people that are close to me are associated in the Ottawa tribe. I additionally love the Native American culture, I feel it is beautiful and has a free concept.
Robbins Burling, David F. Armstrong, Ben G. Blount, Catherine A. Callaghan, Mary Lecron Foster, Barbara J. King, Sue Taylor Parker, Osamu Sakura, William C. Stokoe, Ron Wallace, Joel Wallman, A. Whiten, Sherman Wilcox and Thomas Wynn. Current Anthropology, Vol. 34, No. 1 (Feb., 1993), pp. 25-53
Jensen provides evidence throughout the text for three assumptions on why masculinity must be terminated from pertaining to just males. It is proposed that masculinity is harmful for both men and women, that men are surrendering their humanity by conforming with masculinity, and
The Korowai are one of the most endangered ethnic groups in the world. Their traditional culture was developed thousands of years ago. They live in small family clans and are hunter-gatherers and live in a horticultural society. The natural resources have allowed them to survive in the harsh rainforest which they depend for living. As population grows in society more and more people are using the earth’s natural resources. Trees are being cut down for extraction of minerals and energy. Lands are being used to create missionary communities. The Korowai territory is surrounded by missionary communities, who have influ...
Between the years of 1985 to 1987 Conklin spent a total of 19 months living amongst the Wari’ tribes. Her primary source of gathering information was to interview the Wari’ about their own culture and history. Performing return trips to the Amazonian society in 1991, 1999, and 2000 Conklin was able to confirm her gathered information by asking different Wari’ about their beliefs and cultural history. Amongst Conklin’s interview subjects were dozens of elderly Wari’ who could remember the life before the outside world had become a major influence. They c...
During his research Barker utilizes a series of methods in his quest to understand these indigenous people, from this he was able to capture his readers and make them understand issues that surround not only people form third worlds; but how these people and their struggles are related to us. By using ethnographic methods, such as: interviews,participant observation, key consultants/informants,detailed note-taking/ census, and controlled historical comparisons. In these practices Barker came to understand the people and their culture, of which two things became a big subject in his book. The first being Tapa, “a type of fiber made from bark that the Maisin people use as a stable for cloths and other cloth related uses. Defining both gender roles and history; proving income and also a symbol of identity to the people” (Barker 5-6). And the other being their forest, of which logging firms the Maisin and Non Government Organizations (NGO’s), had various views, wants and uses for the land. Logging firms wished to clear the area to plant cash crops such as oil palms, while the NGO’s wanted the land to remain safe; all the while the Maisin people were caught in the middle by the want to preserve their ancestors lands and the desperate need to acquire cash. With these two topics highlighted throughout Barkers ethnography the reader begins is journey into understanding and obtaining questions surrounding globalization and undeveloped
Salamore, Frank. “The Depiction of Masculinity in Classic Nigerian Literature.” Bloom’s Modern Critical Interpretations: China Achebe’s Things Fall Apart. New ed. New York: Bloom's Literary Criticism, 2010. 141-52. Print.
Boas, F. (1930). Anthropology. In, Seligman, E. R. A. ed., Encyclopaedia of Social Sciences. Macmillan: New York.
In the 1950s, anthropologist Colin Turnbull spent three years living in a rainforest with the BaMbuti Pygmies. His 1961 book entitled The Forest People provides an ethnographic study of the culture he experienced. He states in the book’s acknowledgements “this book tries to convey something of the lives and feelings of a people who live in a forest world, something of their intense love for that world and their trust in it” (Turnbull). Turnbull uses his experiences to tell an elaborate story with characters a reader can easily form attachments to. He obliterates the stereotype surrounding the Pygmy people and, instead, shows the reader the beauty of their culture and lifestyle. The Forest People is not simply a description of a cultural group vastly different than our own; it is also a window into their world.
The earliest inhabitants of the present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo are most likely Pygmies, who lived in the north and northeast portions of the forest that occupied the land. Towards the end of the first millennium B.C., a small group of Bantu-speaking people entered from the northwest (from the areas that are now called Nigeria and Cameroon). They established their home in the savanna regions of the south, and they arrived with profound knowledge of iron technology and agriculture. Their skill with iron technology and agriculture helped propel them to migrate to other parts of the Congo and Africa. With their expansion also came the development of new, related languages. Beginning approximately A.D. 700, the Bantu-speaking people worked the Copper deposits of Southern Katanga, and then traded these minerals over wide areas. The Bantu had settled into most of the Congo by about 1000, which consequently reduced the area utilized by the Pygmies. By the early parts of the second millennium, the number of Bantu occupants in the Congo were rapidly increasing and beginning to merge into states. Some of these states had governing power over vast areas and were complemented with multifaceted administrative structures. A majority of these states were governed by monarchy, and even though they had considerable authority, it was moderated by a council consisting of high civil servants and elders. Some of the most notable of these states included the Kingdom of Kongo, the Lunda Kingdom of Mwata Yamo, the Kingdom of Luba, and the Lunda Kingdom of Mwata Kazemba. The Luba and Lunda Kingdoms were somewhat intertwined, and as a result, the Luba transmitted political ideas to the Lunda. Additionally, many small Luba-Lunda sta...
Okeke, Phil E. "Reconfiguring Tradition: Women's Rights and Social Status in Contemporary Nigeria." Africa Today 47.1 (2000): 49-63.