• Operational restrictions at light load may assist the coordination calculations e.g. most large HV motors would not be running, hence their starting performances need not be considered, when switchboard feeder circuit breakers are being examined.
• When all the overcurrent curves are plotted for the main generators, transformer feeders, large motors and downstream feeders, they tend to be located ‘close together’, and without much room for adjustment.
1. Radial System
• The specific protective relay as primary or backup is important in distribution system. When relay applied to protect its own system element it is thought of primary relay, when to backup other relays for fault at remote location, it is serving as backup relay.
• Providing both functions simultaneously; serving primary relay for its own zone protection and backup relay for remote zone of protection. The protective relay must be time-coordinated, so that the primary relay will always operate faster than the backup relay.
• So, the setting and coordination of the relay is the very important part to make sure which relay stands for primary and the other one for backup.
2. Ring Main System
• To setting relay, the same method is used for both ring and radial system. However, the circuit must be opened, start at the source point to form a two radial circuit before setting the relay. First, followed the clockwise.
• The relay setting start with R1 and the concept same like radial system. Second, followed the anticlockwise and the system will form a radial circuit.
SYSTEM ANALYSIS:
System
DIRECTION OF RELAY OPERATION:
Clockwise 1 2 3 4 5 6
Anticlockwise 8 13 12 11 10 ...
... middle of paper ...
...
GENERATOR DATA:
NODE Sa(MVA) Vp(kV) X(%)
7 150 10 15
8 150 10 15
CT RATIO:
RELAY NO. RATIO
1 240
2 240
3 160
4 240
5 240
6 240
7 240
8 240
9 160
10 240
11 240
12 240
13 240
Works Cited
BIOGRAPHIES:
1.Aniket Chaturvedi: Student of the SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,GTU.
2.Ritu Barad: Student of the SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,GTU.
3.Dhruvi Shukla: Student of the SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,GTU.
4.Mr.Nilay N. Shah: Assistant Professor of SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,GTU.SINCE 2004. HE IS CURRENTLLY PURSING PH.D AND HIS RESEACH AREA ARE POWER SYSTEM DYNAMICS, FACTS , POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION AND ELECTRICAL MACHINE.
On August 14th, 2003, a major blackout swept across portions of the northeastern United States and Canada. It was reported that a series of equipment outages in the Midwest led to uncontrolled cascading outages of power transmission lines and generators serving parts of the Northeast, Midwest and Canada. Automatic protective systems operated to open circuits and shut down power plants to prevent further spread of the outages. This is very similar to what happened in The Great Northeast Blackout of 1965. In both situations, the “grid system” shut down one generator in line at a time to protect a surge from the station before it.
Z. Q. Bo, A. T. Johns, and R. K. Aggarwal, “A novel fault locator based on the detection of fault generated high frequency transients,” in Proc. IEE Development in Power System Protection Conference, 434, pp. 197-200.
This paper identifies the need for consolidating analysis techniques for the purpose of designing linear electrical generation systems. Additionally, it identifies a need for concise system development tools that help designers make practical comparisons between linear and rotary machines.
[3]. Zhang, N & Kezunovic, M. Verifying the Protection System Operation Using An Advanced Fault Analysis Tool Combined with the Event Tree Analysis. Northern American Power Symposium, NAPS 2004 Moscow, Idaho, (August 2004).
The individual constituent parts will vary, but it will always have a Master Controller responsible of matching the load with generation in both island mode or grid-connected, provide real-time response and fault protection, connect and disconnect from the grid, and make predictive and forecasting analysis.
Electro-Guard offers customer’s Business, home and family 24 hour security monitoring from burglary, fire and carbon monoxide dangers while simultaneously monitoring other critical conditions, such as temperature and flood. Using advanced communication technology, Security Alarms deliver fast, reliable home security services at a reasonable cost. The most important difference between Electro-Guard and competitors is also the brand’s most important distinguishing feature. The manufacturing plant at offshore location that help with having significantly lower cost of manufacturing products without compromising on the quality of the product.
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account a wide variety of loads which may vary based on the duration of the load
For the prevantion of the electricity blackout we need to build smart power grid. A modernized electrical grid that uses analog or digital information and communications technology to gather and act on information, such as information about the behaviours of suppliers and consumers is known as a smart grid. This is used to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics, and sustainability of the production and distribution of electricity in an automated fashion[12]. The important aspects of smart grid is to electronic power conditioning and control of the production and distribution of
Introduction: I chose this topic; because I thought it would be fun to make a four-way switch that turns on the same light. I got the idea to make one when I went online to search for the perfect project idea. I found information about a three way light switch and decided that this is what I want to do, but to make it more difficult I decided to create a four way light switch instead. It sounds like the perfect experiment to try. I felt that if I did this project I would learn more about electricity and the way it works. What is a four way light switch? A four way light switch is an electric switch that uses electricity to power a light bulb that can be turned on by four different places and not just one or two. The great thing about a four way light switch is that there can be more then one way to turn on one single light. In order to achieve the perfect four ways light switch the four-way switch must be in the center of two three light way switches in order for the whole proses to work. A hot wire or wire of 120 volts will connect from a battery to the light bulb. A wire that is neutral will also be connected from the battery to the light bulb. The third wire can’t be neutral or 120 volts (hot wire) and will just float near the 120-volt wire. The third wire that is neither neutral or 120 volts, and 120 volt wire will connect when the switches are turned on and will produce the light. When the light will be turned on the switches should be one circuit in order for the light bulb to turn on and the electrons to travel through the circuit. The switches must be either up or down at the same time in order for the electricity to flow. If one of the switches is up and the other is down the light will not work. If one o...
...mpany up and running through any kind of interruptions such as power failures, IT system crashes, natural or man-made disasters, supply chain/vendor problems and more.
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