Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
stress when youre pregnant cause and effect thesis
malnutrition in developing countries
malnutrition in developing countries
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: stress when youre pregnant cause and effect thesis
Introduction In this paper, I would highlight the barriers and solution for the maternal mortality conditions in Malawi. Prior to the year 1990, maternal mortality was prevalent and thus became the issue to be included and solve as fifth Millennium Development Goal (MDG). The addition of maternal mortality into the goals of solving international issues proves its significance towards building a better society. The World Health Organization (WHO) describes maternal mortality as, The death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes. To facilitate the identification of maternal deaths in circumstances in which cause of death attribution is inadequate, a new category has been introduced: Pregnancy-related death is defined as the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the cause of death (World Health Organization 2013) Maternal mortality is an influential indicator of inequity in society. Among the indicators used to equate the levels of development between countries and regions, levels of maternal mortality show the widest disparities (World Health Organization, UNICEF 1996). Overview Malawi, previously known as Nyasaland, became a free nation from the rule of British, in 1967. The country is located in the southeast region of African continent with Zambia to the northwest, Tanzania to the northeast and Mozambique on east, south and west. Malawi has an estimated population of 16.5 millions in 2013. Malawi holds diversity across the communities it serves. It has nearly ten ... ... middle of paper ... ...e-through-good-design/ Thaddeus, S., & Maine, D. (1994). Too far to walk: Maternal mortality in context. Social Science and Medicine , 38 (8), 1091-1110. Weiss, C. (1998). Evaluation. New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall. World Health Organization. (2013). WHO: Maternal Mortality. Retrieved 2013 from World Health Organization: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs348/en/index.html World Health Organization. (2013). Health statistics and health information systems. Retrieved October 2013, from World Health Organization website: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/statistics/indmaternalmortality/en/ World Health Organization, UNICEF. (1996). Revised 1990 estimates of maternal mortality: A new Approach by WHO and UNICEF. World Health Organization. World Health Organizaton. (2004). Reducing maternal and newborn mortality in Africa. African Health Monitor , 5 (1), 5-7.
After reading the book which mentions the maternal and neonatal situation in Mali, one of the poorest countries in the world, is pitiable. (1) Child birth takes place under lantern light, in Mud bricks with profuse sweating without electricity, no running water, no emergency backup. With only the grace of God and the skill of a midwife that child birth takes place in remote villages in the country of Mali, West Africa, having the third highest total fertility
First, I will give out some statistics of infant mortality rates in America. According to an Amnesty International report, two maternal deaths occur every day for African-American women. Even though 99% of birth-related deaths happen in developing countries, these numbers for African American women in a country with world renowned health facilities are discouraging.
... it needs (four thousand instead of the needed twelve thousand) and nearly ten percent of the doctors (three hundred instead of the needed three thousand) for a population of over fourteen million. Malawi is the perfect example for a show of how destructive the Structural Adjustment Programs can be for a developing country and how much power it can give to the IFIs that they (an outer entity) can overrule the demands of a sovereign government and can thus have far greater influence over a country’s economy and development than the country’s government itself.
Karanja, J., Muganyizi, P., Rwamushaija, E., Hodoglugil, N., & Holm, E. (2013). Confronting maternal mortality due to postpartum hemorrhage and unsafe abortion: A call for commitment. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 17(2), 20. Retrieved from http://www.ajrh.info/vol17_no2/17_2_article2.php
Cameroon, a low-income country with a rapidly increasing population estimated at 21,700,000 million in 2012 [1] is currently experiencing high population growth resulting from continuing high fertility during a period when mortality rates have been declining consistently. In the period 1950-1955, life expectancy for both males and females was 38.5 years [3]. In 2012, over 17.5 years have been added to life expectancy for both sexes, raising it to 56 years [3]. On the other hand, fertility rates have dropped slowly since the last 50 years. In 1965, the total fertility rate (TFR) was 6.08 live births per woman which has since decreased to a rate of 4.9 live births per woman in 2012 [3]. The higher rate of population
Statistics show the impact that preemies are causing as the rate of preterm birth increases every day. Any part of the world is affected no matter how advanced they are in technology. “One of every eight infants born in the United States is premature babies” (Medline Plus). These statistics are extremely high, however people can change it by getting involved in the community and helping preemies have a less chance to lose in their battle for life. In 2003; 499,008 infants were born prematurely (National Center for Health Statistics). The rates of preterm births have increased over the years. "In 1995: 11.0% of live births were born preterm, In 2006: 12.8% of live births were born preterm"(March of Dimes-Peristats). As the numbers keep increasing, many families are suffering and losing hope for they’re babies. African American women have the highest rate of preterm birth in 2004 with a 17.6% (Reedy, 2007). These statistics demonstrate the high frequenc...
Population Council. “World Conference on Women: The Beijing Declaration and the Platform for Action on Women and Health”. Population and Development Review , Vol. 21, No. 4 (Dec., 1995), pp. 907-91. Web. 22 Nov. 2013
I first considered a public health career when I interned at the Ghana Health Service Family Health Department as an undergraduate student. Participating in national meetings focused on strategies to reduce maternal mortality in Ghana, I recognized that, in order to create sustainable advances, it is crucial to address the underlying social inequalities that exacerbate adverse health outcomes. To advance this goal, I am seeking admission into the Global Health and Population Doctoral Program at the Harvard School of Public Health.
Maternal health has been seen as an issue of immediate concern for the developing countries. Socio-cultural factors in many developing countries particularly; those in Asia are leading to increased maternal mortality due to poor health. This fact can be seen from the social and cultural trends in these countries because of these factors various disabilities, inadequacies and even deaths are increasing. Differential in socio-economic status are seen for most conditions diseases and risk factors in this country. The social distribution of health and the social causes, which most affect health, must be understood and addressed.
The infant mortality rate of a country is said to be a “reflection of a society’s commitment to ensuring access to health care, adequate nutrition… and sufficient income to prevent the adverse consequences of poverty”(1). As defined by the World Data Bank, a country’s infant mortality rate is measured by the number if infants, per every 1000 live births, do not survive to be older than one year of age (3). The female unemployment rate refers to the percentage of the female labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment (2). Previous research conducted by the Canadian Public Health Association has shown that unemployment can result in “direct material deprivation”, that could lead to an infant’s survival being compromised (4). A greater understanding of this relationship could give rise to national and international efforts to support unemployed mothers. It is reasonable to consider that there is a relationship between a country’s level of female unemployment and it’s infant mortality rate.
The newborn mortality and maternal death is at the peak because of the lack of skilled professionals care during and after childbirth. Over half of maternal deaths occur during the postpartum period and their direct causes include obstructed labor, unsafe abortion, infection, and hemorrhage. Nonetheless, the uptake of postpartum care is lower in these countries and is clearly related to the lack of education and poverty. Comparing to the European region, the under-five mortality rate is seven times higher in the African region and Africa and South-East Asia accounts for more than 70% of all child deaths with more than 50% concentrated in just six countries: India, Pakistan, Ethiopia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and
“The Situation of Women in Malawi: A WLSA Malawi Perspective.” Situation of Women. WLSA-Malawi. 2009. Web. 4 Dec. 2011. .
Dew and Matheson (2008) state that the disciplines of epidemiology and social epidemiology have progressively given more descriptions of health inequalities. They also state that epidemiology mainly focuses on how and from where infectious diseases spread, whereas social epidemiology looks at the patterning of health outcomes involved with social characteristics such as gender, ethnicity and income in order to find the causes of differences between these groups. Key determinants of maternity care in rural areas are education, income, a sense of control over life circumstances and access to health care services (Ministry of Health [MoH], 2000).
Malawi is a small country slightly smaller than Pennsylvania in south central Africa. It has a large lake that covers most of the eastern border of the country. Lake Malawi is the third largest lake in Africa reaching as deep as 3,000 feet in some areas. The climate is sub-tropical with a rainy season and a dry season. Malawi is usually separated into three different sections when discussing the country. The three different sections are north Malawi, central Malawi, which is where the capital of Lilongwe is located. The third section is called south Malawi. The south part of the country has land on both east and west borders unlike central and northern Malawi. Malawi is known as the “warm heart of Africa”. The reason it is known as the “warm heart of Africa” is because the country is relatively peaceful compared to the civil unrest that is happening in many African countries. It is also knows as the “warm heart of Africa” because how nice the native people are to everyone. Malawi has recently become a popular tourist area. Malawi has beautiful lakes, amazing safaris as well as peace of mind in regards to safety and security. Malawi has a rich history and culture, they have beautiful art, theater, music as well as architecture which can be seen while walking through any of Malawi’s large cities.
Malawi is a small country slightly smaller than Pennsylvania in south central Africa. It has a large lake that covers most of the eastern border of the country. Lake Malawi is the third largest lake in Africa reaching as deep as 3,000 feet in some areas ("The world fact,"). The climate is sub-tropical with a rainy season and a dry season. Malawi is usually separated into three different sections when discussing the country. The three different sections are north Malawi, central Malawi, which is where the capital of Lilongwe is located ("The world fact,"). The third section is called south Malawi. The south part of the country has land on both east and west borders unlike central and northern Malawi. Malawi is known as the “warm heart of Africa”. The reason it is known as the “warm heart of Africa” is because the country is relatively peaceful compared to the civil unrest that is happening in many African countries. It is also knows as the “warm heart of Africa” because how nice the native people are to everyone (Westberg & Westberg, 2013). Malawi has recently become a popular tourist area. Malawi has beautiful lakes, amazing safaris as well as peace of mind in regards to safety and security ("The world fact,”) Malawi has a rich history and culture, they have beautiful art, theater, music as well as architecture which can be seen while walking through any of Malawi’s large cities.