Introduction Micro-organisms are microscopic (Microorganisms Definition)and can either be prokaryote or eukaryote. Most micro-organisms are unicellular, only a small percentage is multicellular. Micro-organisms encompass a large variety of organisms such as: bacteria, viruses, fungi, archaea etc. (Microorganisms) The first micro-organism was observed by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek around 1673 (Antonie van Leeuwenhoek). Since then, technological advances have enables us to observe and understand micro-organisms in much more detail, it has also allowed us to exploit them for a number of applications. However, many micro-organisms are pathogenic (i.e. disease causing). In this essay I will describe the many benefits on micro-organisms. Carbon Cycle Organic molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids are found in all organisms. The removal and subsequent return of carbon from the biosphere is known as the carbon cycle. The carbon cycle begins with a fundamental process known as carbon fixation. This is carried out by producers, (i.e. plants and other autotrophic organisms), and involves the conversion of CO2 to organic molecules through photosynthesis. Organic molecules pass through the different trophic levels of the food, where they are used to make biomass. At different levels, organic molecules mainly in the form of carbon …show more content…
Pollutants come from either industrial or domestic waste. This is waste is dumped into the environment because it’s cheap and convenient. This dumping of waste has a detrimental affect on the environment and the animals that live there. However, micro-organisms found in the soil and aquatic environments have the ability to degrade these waste materials, under optimal microbial growth conditions. (Nester, Anderson, Roberrs, & Nester,
Stout, M.A, et al. "Microbiology Lab Notebook". Lab handbook. University of Texas. Arlington. 2014. Print.
Aziz, Q. Q., Doré, J. J., Emmanuel, A. A., et al. (2013). Gut microbiota and gastrointestinal health: current concepts and future directions. Neurogastroenterology & Motility, 25(1), 4-15.
This paper discusses the development and history of Microbiology and its impact on human health over time. This includes an examination of historical events that led to the development of techniques and procedures used for the handling of microorganisms, and
Rinku Patel underlines the advantages of microbes that are useful in our daily life. For example, the importance of microbes in our bodies that helps us digests “our meals, prevent infection and
...nvironmental Microbiology. New York: A John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 1992. pp. 125?156. Accessed December 2, 2013.
You’ve heard your mom talking about “bacteria” and how it’s “so bad”. But little did they know that a single bacteria cell(one E. coli cell) only has a mass of 0.00000000000000095 or 9.510-16 kilograms? That’s so small, right? An E. coli cell is a prokaryotic cell that lives inside animals and humans that dominates the bacteria world. It’s so common, but yet so tiny!
The human gut contains a huge diversity of bacteria and the microbiota, which is crucially important for maintaining human health. According to Greiner et al, the gut microbiome plays an important role as a regulator to modulate human’s metabolism when there is a change in the environment. It is because that the gut microbiome is composed of many different bacterial species, and thus it is a multicellular organ with a metabolic function (2011). Despite the huge diversity of the gut microbiome, there are only three groups of bacteria are dominated in human gut microbiome, which include Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria (Greiner et al 2011).
Microbes are microscopic life forms, usually too small to be seen by the naked eye. Although many microbes are single-celled, there are also numerous multi-cellular organisms. The human body has 10-100 trillion microbes living on it, making it one giant super-organism. Since the first link between microbes and diseases was made, people have been advised to wash their hands. Scientists, however, have recently started to investigate more closely how the microbes that call the human body home affect our health. While some microbes cause disease, others are more beneficial, working with our bodies in many subtle ways.
Dietary Fiber fermentability also varies due to a high diversity in both physical structure and the chemicals bound between monomers found in the digestive tract (Bindelle et al., 2007). Dietary Fiber that escapes digestion in the upper part of the gastro-intestinal tract, is potentially available for bacterial fermentation in the large intestine. The anaerobic bacteria concentration in the pig gastro-intestinal tract passes thus into the stomach and the small intestine to the large intestine. The intestinal bacteria hydrolyse the polysaccharides composing the Dietary Fiber and metabolise their constituent sugars through a series of anaerobic energy-yielding reactions leading to the production of ATP which is essential for bacteria basal and growth metabolism (Bindelle and Buldgen,
Bacterial cells, like plant cells, are surrounded by a cell wall. However, bacterial cell walls are made up of polysaccharide chains linked to amino acids, while plant cell walls are made up of cellulose, which contains no amino acids. Many bacteria secrete a slimy capsule around the outside of the cell wall. The capsule provides additional protection for the cell. Many of the bacteria that cause diseases in animals are surrounded by a capsule. The capsule prevents the white blood cells and antibodies from destroying the invading bacterium. Inside the capsule and the cell wall is the cell membrane. In aerobic bacteria, the reactions of cellular respiration take place on fingerlike infoldings of the cell membrane. Ribosomes are scattered throughout the cytoplasm, and the DNA is generally found in the center of the cell. Many bacilli and spirilla have flagella, which are used for locomotion in water. A few types of bacteria that lack flagella move by gliding on a surface. However, the mechanism of this gliding motion is unknown. Most bacteria are aerobic, they require free oxygen to carry on cellular respiration. Some bacteria, called facultatibe anaerobes can live in either the presence or absence of free oxygen. They obtain energy either by aerobic respiration when oxygen is present or by fermentation when oxygen is absent. Still other bacteria cannot live in the presence of oxygen. These are called obligate anaerobes. Such bacteria obtain energy only fermentation. Through fermentation, different groups of bacteria produce a wide variety of organic compounds. Besides ethyl alcohol and lactic acid, bacterial fermentation can produce acetic acid, acetone, butyl alcohol, glycol, butyric acid, propionic acid, and methane, the main component of natural gas. Most bacteria are heterotrophic bacteria are either saprophytes or parasites. Saprophytes feed on the remains of dead plants and animals, and ordinarily do not cause disease. They release digestive enzymes onto the organic matter. The enzymes breakdown the large food molecules into smaller molecules, which are absorbed by the bacterial cells. Parasites live on or in living organisms, and may cause disease. A few types of bacteria are Autotrophic, they can synthesize the organic nutrients they require from inorganic substances. Autotrophic bacteria are either photosynthetic or Chemosynthetic. The photosynthetic bacteria contain chlorophyll that are different from the plant chlorophyll. In bacterial photosynthesis, hydrogen is obtained by the splitting of compounds other than water.
The microscope and the general study of microbiology has helped shaped society and and has created many advances in the field of science. Through all history, the microscope evolved into a modern form, and still is the recipient of many upgrades and enhancements. One of the main beneficiaries of the works of the microscope is the medical field, with a closer look on microbiology, scientists are now able to predict viruses, prevent them, and even cure them. The microscope also provides insight into the lives of bacteria, how it forms, how it thrives, and provides us with a deeper understanding on how life came to be. The study and tool is also used to keep Earth as close to perfect as we found it, with many ecologists are working towards a clean green Earth. Overall, the microscope has been used all over the world to create deeper awareness of society and even life itself.
The term “microbiology” refers to the branch of study that deals with microorganisms. Microbiology is extremely important in today’s time for the crucial information that the study provides. Human’s have had a long and cruel history of disease and sickness, for example the bubonic plague, but microbiology gives scientists the ability to observe, study, and prevent sickness like the bubonic plague to ever happen again. At the center of microbiology lies the bacterial cell, one that differs from those of a plant or animal because it lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles which, in turn are traded for pili, flagella, and in some cases a cell capsule. Bacteria that are capable of causing illness or disease are called pathogens, pathogens work by releasing toxins in the body or directly damaging the host’s cells. An article by Lise Wilkinson explains that the earliest categorizations of bacterial cells first occurred in the late eighteen-hundreds to the early nineteen-hundreds by scientists (at the time) O. Muller and C. Ehrenburg (Wilkinson, 2004). The observation and identification of unknown bacteria that emerge is crucial because these new bacteria might be pathogenic and cause illness so it is very important that the bacteria is identified as soon as possible in order to either prevent the upcoming illness or treat it. While the common person is unable to identify if they are carrying bacteria (which is very likely), specialized tests that are ran in a lab can identify different types of bacteria and can even help
My interest in the role of microbes and viruses began from UG classes (1993-1999) wherein professors taught us...
Part one of this essay will deal with defining bacteria, viruses, fungi, microbes, and pirons. Part two of the essay will focus on indigenous micro flora that is on and in the body, and part three will describe the structure and replication procedure of viruses.
Microbiology is the study of microorganisms. Microorganisms are too small to be seen by the naked eye. Microbiology utilizes microscopes and microscopy to observe the microorganisms.