Manufacturing
Polymer Components
The outer casing is formed out of polystrene through the process of injection molding. The procedure begins with the mixing of polymer pellets with plastic agents and colourants. This mixture is then heated under 1000 atmospheric pressure to liquefy the polymers so they can then be injected into the cast mold via an injection plunger. Before this process can occur the two halves of the mold must be secured together and attached to the injection molding machine. The mold is held together during injection by hydraulically powered clamps which exert high pressure ensuring that the injected polymer fills the mold completely and it hold during the filling of the plastic resin. The polymer is injected into the mold very quickly under a large buildup of pressure which allows the material to be packed and held in the mold. The end closures of the torch are also are also injection molded using this process including the internal and external threads however this process is more time consuming than injection molding a standard hollow part. The polymer is then cooled by passing water through channels in the mold which hardens the plastic so the pressure can be released and the molds separated. In order to release the part from the mold an erection system is needed to be attached to the rear half of the mold which can supply adequate force. This force is needed due to shrinkage of the part during cooling which causes it to adhere to the mold. Once the part is separate from the mold any excess material, including that left in the channel feeding to the mold, must be trimmed using cutters. The completed plastic part is then removed and taken for finishing through several further operations involving polishing ...
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...h resulting in a minimal increase.
References
CustomPartNet. 2014. “Injection Molding” Accessed May 20, 2014. http://www.custompartnet.com/wu/InjectionMolding
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Demand Media. 2014. “How Do Push Button Switches Work in an Electrical Circuit?” Accessed May 20, 2014. http://www.ehow.com/how-does_5030234_push-switches-work-electrical-circuit.html#ixzz32Fmt1xt0
Randy Schueller. 2014. “How Products Are Made – Flashlight Torches.” Accessed May 10, 2014. http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Flashlight.html
Marwa Qaraqe, Mahmuduk Alam, Maryam Manojahri. 2007. “Components of a Flashlight.” Accessed May 10, 2014. http://hire-alam.weebly.com/uploads/4/4/1/5/4415828/components_of_a_flashlight_design_using_solidworks.pdf
Glow sticks were first made in the 1960s when a scientist, Edwin Chandross tried to copy fireflies. He thought it was fascinating how they gave off a natural light. He made the first glow stick from oxalyl chloride and hydrogen peroxide. Since Edwin’s invention many scientist after made improvements to the invention. The United States Navy worked on creating glow sticks independently and received a patent in 1973. Glow sticks started to become popular in the 1980s and since then are still very popular today. The largest glow stick was made in 2009 and was 8ft 4 inches tall. Glow sticks can be used for entertainment when dancing they are very popular for raves, parties, night clubbing, special events etc. glow sticks are the safest light sources in emergencies, They are used because they are very efficient and do not require any batteries or electricity. Glow sticks are portable and waterproof can bear high pressure situations and that is why military forces and campers use them and have them on hand.
Controlling chemiluminescent light was how Omniglow Incorporated became the first company to produce light sticks. In 1986, when the first light stick was invented, scientists thought they could make a lot of money selling light sticks. However, since they had to make light sticks by hand, it was harder for them to produce very many of them. Until machines were invented to make light sticks, it cost too much money to make them by hand.
During the ancient civilisation, candles were made from tallow, or animal fat, extracted from cattle and sheep. The first candles were developed by the ancient Egyptians. These candles, known as rushlights or torches, had no wicks and burned slowly. The Romans were credited for the first creation of candles with wicks, the ones that resembled the candles that are used today.
Originally, lightsabers were built using crystals harvested manually an individually from the planets of Ruusan and Ilum. In the current universe however, processes for synthesizing crystals have become fairly common and several lightsabers are built using these synthetic crystals. The crystal is wired to the conduit and power cell such that the user can alter the length, width and intensity of the emitted blade.
All of the materials that make up the lava lamp are very basic materials that are not hard to find. Elements are responsible for the makeup of these materials and the three sources from where these elements came are the Big Bang, fusion in stars, or supernovas. Lava lamps were never intended to provide actual light, rather they were intended to be a fun decoration that were different from anything people had seen. When the psychedelic movement came about along with drugs Walker, the inventor, claimed that “If you buy my lamp, you will not need to buy drugs” (Bellis). The lava lamps sales have declined in recent years but about 400,000 lamps are still sold every year. Some even believe that the lava lamp may make a comeback in recent years due to changing times.
Retrieved 04 20, 2014, from The Mafia: www.the-mafia.weebly.com/index.html. Grabianowski, E. (2012, 08-16). How the Mafia works? Retrieved 03 22, 2014, from How stuff works: people.howstuffworks.com/mafia8.html. American Mafia history -.
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Philips made a strong push to developing new technologies starting in the 1950s and 1960s. Upon doing so, the company also wanted to translate these technologies into products while adapting, producing, and selling these products within individual national markets. During this time period, most of the companies in the electrical products market were bring formed and racing to diversify. However, Philips decided to stick with what they knew best. They made only light-bulbs. In doing so, their strong focus enabled the company to create significant innovations. Continuing on, Philips also became a leader in industrial research by creating physics and chemistry labs to address both production and scientific problems. The labs developed a tungsten metal filament bulb that brought great commercial success. Philips simple structure and significant innovations gave them the financial support they needed to compete in a time period where competitors were seeking major growth.
Denture teeth can be made of acrylic poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or composite resins. PMMA is a polymer - a material made the from joining of methyl methacrylate monomers. Properties of PMMA include resistance to abrasion, chemical stability and a high boiling point. (Jun Shen et al. 2011). However, weak flexure and impact strength of PMMA are of concern as they account for denture failure. (Bolayir G, Boztug A and Soygun K. 2013). Composite denture teeth are made of a three distinct phases - filler, matrix and coupling agents. Out of the types of composite teeth available, nano-filled composite teeth are preferred. Composite teeth have a PMMA coating around the tooth and a high content of filler particles. This gives them strength, higher resistance to forces than acrylic teeth and provides compete polymerization due to the PMMA coating. (Anusavice, K. J., Phillips, R. W., Shen, C., & Rawls, H. R, 2012). If the interface between the PMMA denture base and PMMA or composite teeth was weak, the denture will not be able to sustain occlusal forces, making the base-teeth interface, an entity of significance.
Polyethylene (PE) is one of the most commonly used polymers which can be identified into two plastic identification codes: 2 for high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and 4 for low density polyethylene (LDPE). Polyethylene is sometimes called polyethene or polythene and is produced by an addition polymerisation reaction. The chemical formula for polyethylene is –(CH2-CH2)n– for both HDPE and LDPE. The formation of the polyethylene chain is created with the monomer ethylene (CH2=CH2).
Lauginie, P. n.d. Drummond Light, Limelight: a Device in its Time. [e-book] Université Paris-Sud, France: Groupe d’Histoire et de Diffusion des Sciences d’Orsay (GHDSO). http://archive.ihpst.net/2013/Procs/Lauginie.pdf [Accessed: 19 Jan 2014].
One of the reason the military likes the invention of glow sticks, is they need work done in the dark and under water and the do not want to use big heavy equipment. Glow sticks were invented in 1962 by Dr. Edwin Chandross. During the same time the U.S navy was also experimenting with cold lights which are lights that do not produce heat. In 1973 the navy was awarded one of the first patents for glow sticks. This did not stop other inventors from working on their own glow stick type of devices. Herbert Richter and Ruth Tedrick were also a part of the first inventors of the glow sticks that we all know and love. But first thing first you must know how glow stick emit light in the first place?
It is difficult to compare accurately burn times/lighting durations between different manufactures hands-free lighting products since each manufacturer’s reference figures that show their product offering to have an advantage over competitive products. Some manufacturers state statistics of burn time calculated to times long after the emitted light output is useful (down to the last photon). Petzl clearly states it operates a policy whereby it ceases to consider a light effective when the lighting level (for standard hands-free lighting) decreases below 0.25 lux at a distance of 2 metres. This figure is selected as an approximate equivalence to the lux value generated on a dark night by a full moon. They consider this light output the minimum level that a hands-free lighting device should deliver in order to be fit for purpose.
Pouring of Molten metal into mould with the help of Ladle. The pouring of the molten metal into the mould requires carefully control.
Thomas Alva Edison is a very well-known American inventor. He invented about 1093 devices that influenced us greatly, such as light bulb, microphone, telephone receiver, universal stock ticker, phonograph, kinetoscope (used to view moving pictures), storage battery, electric pen, and mimeograph. Edison also improved many other existing devices as well. In the period from 1878 to 1880, Thomas Edison began serious research into developing a practical incandescent lamp. Edison and his associates worked on at least three thousand different theories to develop an efficient incandescent lamp. In 1878, Edison built his first high resistance incandescent electric light. Incandescent lamps make light by using electricity to heat a thin strip of material (called a filament) until it gets hot enough to glow. Many inventors had tried to perfect incandescent lamps to "sub-divide" electric light or make it smaller and weaker than it was in the existing arc lamps, which were too bright to be used for small spaces such as the rooms of a house.Edison's lamp would consist of a filament ho...