Penile cancer is a rare form of cancer found in males. This cancer affects the penis, which is the primary male reproductive organ. Most penile cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, which simply mean cancer that begins in flat cells lining the penis (WebMD, 2014).
Before detailing this disease, one must first understand the structure of the penis. Noticeably rod-shaped, the penis is composed of two types of erectile tissue: corpora cavernosa and corpus songiosum. The first of these is two columns of tissue that form a majority of the penis, while the other is a single column that forms a small part of the penis. The corpus spongiosum is particularly useful for protecting/surrounding the urethra (WebMD, 2014).
When one thinks of cancer, the first thing that comes to mind is whether or not it will spread to other parts of the body. Penile cancer develops when malignant cells form in the tissues explained above. With that being said, it is still unknown as to what exactly causes penile cancer. There are risk factors, however, which include HPV from not getting circumcised, being age 60 or over, phimosis (a condition in which the foreskin of the penis cannot be pulled back over the glans), having poor hygiene, many sexual partners, and tobacco use (National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health, 2013).
You do not have to ascertain a medical degree in order to perform a self-diagnosis. You know your body better than anyone, and the best way to figure out if you have this disease is to know the symptoms. Obvious symptoms include a lump on the penis and/or a discolored penis. Other noticeable symptoms are redness, rawness, and small, crusty bumps (American Cancer Society, 2014).
Locating a lump on the p...
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...y bumps/lumps. The best way to alert yourself to this disease is to do bodily inspections, as you know your body better than anyone. All hope is not lost if you are diagnosed with this cancer. Regardless of recovery/mortality rates, any cancer is dangerous and should be attended to properly.
Works Cited
Penile Cancer Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment - Patient Information [NCI] - General Information About Penile Cancer. (2014, February 25). . Retrieved May 6, 2014, from http://www.webmd.com/cancer/tc/ncicdr0000438960-general-information-about-penile-cancer
American Cancer Society. (2014, February 6). Penile Cancer. . Retrieved May 7, 2014, from http://www.cancer.org/cancer/penilecancer/index
National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health. (2013, November 14). Penile Cancer. . Retrieved May 7, 2014, from http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/penile
Noticing a lump in the penis can be a frightening experience. Men are often concerned that they have developed a cancer. Cancer within the penile shaft is very rare indeed, while Peyronie's disease is by far the most common cause of such lumps. If you find a lump, it is important to seek prompt medical advice, but you should not be too fearful that a serious cause will be found
11. Smith E, Ritchie J, Summersgill K, Klussmann J, Lee J, Wang D, Haugen T, Turek L. Age, sexual behavior and human papillomavirus infection in oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers. 2004; 108:766-772.
Many people do not develop any symptoms or any health problems at the beginning, in most cases the body’s immune system gets rid of the virus in two years. Although there is no way to know who will develop health problems. Some cases will develop genital warts in both males and females, the warts can also appear in the mouth, throat, anus, fingers, nails and cervix. Other types of HPV may cause the cells in the body to turn abnormal, which might lead to cervical cancer overtime if left untreated. The types of HPV that causes genital warts are not the same as the ones that can cause cancer. Types of HPV that can cause cancer are called High Risk HPV’s.
Cancer.gov. (2014). Comprehensive Cancer Information - National Cancer Institute. [online] Retrieved from: http://www.cancer.gov/ [Accessed: 7 Apr 2014].
"PCRM | The Cancer Project." PCRM | The Cancer Project. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2014.
Prostate cancer has been the number one diagnosed cancer today. According to the World Health Organization, approximately one in every ten American men will develop prostate cancer during his lifespan. This cancer has been very common in the last few years. American Cancer Society reported over 200,000 new cases of prostate cancer. Huge number of population suffered severely. The prostate is significant for reproduction. It helps the substances that are involved in fertilization and transporting of sperm as well as survival. Prostate tumor is developed in the prostate gland, which is found in the men’s reproductive system. Prostate is the size of a walnut, which is located inferiorly in the penis and anterior to the rectum. It contains the connective tissue, which includes the glandular and fibrous tissues. This tumor starts to develop during their adolescent year due to the control of the male reproductive hormones. When the tumor starts to develop, it begins at the urethra, which is a tube that releases the urine from the bladder. The tumor is a slow development yet it is contagious to the other parts of the body, such as it does affect the pelvic bones, lungs, liver, and the lower vertebrae (Zenka, 2009).
The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States (Cook 210). There are over 100 types of HPV viruses and 30 or more of these viruses that can be sexually transmitted. (Vamos, McDermott, Daley 303). There are approximately 20 million people in the United States that are infected with HPV, and there are about 6.2 million new HPV cases each year (Vamos, McDermott, and Daley 303). Even though most HPV cases are non-cancerous, two of the HPV strains are known to cause 70 percent of cervical cancer, and the other two strains cause 90 percent of genital warts cases (Javitt, Berkowitz, and Gostin 384). Mendenhall, Elisa, and O'Mara stated, "Because of the cancer link, the strains that are the greatest medical concerns are those that are sexually transmitted"(49). It is estimated that it costs the United States about five billion dollars each year to diagnose and treat HPV related diseases (Cook 211).
The testes are the primary reproductive organs in the male; they are responsible for the production of sperm. The testes are responsible for the production of testosterone, and are almost nonexistent prior to puberty. Testosterone affects vary to the sound of your voice to hair baldness. The epididymis is a firm structure that consists of three parts, sperm that passes through the epididymis after they are formed. The male urethra is approximately 18-20 cm long. The urethra allows the passage of both urine and sperm. There are two main parts of the penis; the root and body. The three main parts of the root of the penis are, the midline bulb, and the left and right crura on either side of the bulb. While the body is formed by three cylindrical masses of erectile tissue, they are the corpus spongiosum in the midline, and the two-corpus cavernosa on either side. The urethra leaves the head of the penis at the end of the corpus spongiosum.
Testicular cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the male’s testicles first then spreads to other parts of the body. It most commonly spreads to the lymph nodes after it spreads throughout the testicles. Testicles are part of the male’s reproductive system that makes testosterone, the male hormone, and sperm. It is treatable and can usually be cured. The signs of testicular cancer are lumps, swelling, and pain in your testicles. You can check for these lumps yourself, but it is better and more important to check with your doctor for lumps annually. Testicular cancer isn’t caused by much, but there are some risks.
...nd can cause a variety of serious health problems if not treated. Health complications that are produced by HPV include genital warts, “cervical cancer” and other serious cancers such vulvar, vaginal, uterine, and ovarian all of which are characteristics of gynecological cancers. Starting with a young target audience will allow young women to be conscious and aware of what can lead to cancer. The saying “one thing leads to another” in this aspect is true, knowing details and what triggers cancer is what all women should to know. Based on the concept of this campaign I have a better understanding of gynecological cancer, the five main types of cancer and the risk factors. Through this campaign I am also able to deliver the message to female family members ensuring every woman in my family are aware of gynecological cancer given through the Inside Knowledge campaign.
Cancer has become the one of the most feared things for human beings. The various type of cancer have been discovered and there are still a lot of it that undiscoverable. Cancer is a complex disease that have a group of disease. The cancer itself cannot be describe by words. The causes of this cancer is still not being able to be discovered fully. There are only minor factor that can lead to this disease. The carcinogens are believed to be one of the causes that lead to cancer such as asbestos, radon gas, tobacco, PVC and much more from our chemical industries. The environment especially near to the industrial that produce chemical waste can be one of the causes lead to cancer. Cancer also have relation with our age, lifestyle, and diet and also can be genetically inherited. It is believed that older people have higher tendency to get cancer than younger people. Our lifestyle and diet also plays a role causing a cancer by our daily life routine. Smoking tobacco and eating unconsciously (still in research) can also increase the possibility to get cancer especially lung cancer that cause by smoking tobacco. There are several cases, cancer were inherited from their parents. Various type of viruses such as HIV, HPV, EBV and many more virus has a high capabilities to increase the chance a patient to get a cancer because these viruses lower their body immunity to disease.
Cancer has become a very common illness worldwide for any age, but mostly affecting adults. One can get cancer from different places in the body, that is why there are so many people with cancer, because of all the different types. Cancer can affect any gender, female or male, and any age. It varies from ovarian cancer to prostate cancer, skin cancer to lukemia. Cancer has been a problem for many years, yet we have not found a cure to treat and prevent cancer.
Annette could not take that as a final answer and told her that she would not just leave it and should get a second opinion and have another test run. The patient went back and requested a more thorough test be completed, she got the results back and everything was clear and her primary care physician assured her she was fine. Initially she would perform the exams as learned in school, but now after finding something abnormal, she now does a more thorough check, especially on patients with a previous history of cancer. This incident solidified her belief in early detection and proper documentation.
...pread to nearby tissue in the neck and or to the lymph nodes. Cancer may spread to the lungs and bones as well. Staging consists of more testing; ultrasound, CT scan, MRI, Chest x-ray and a whole body scan. (Thyroid Cancer, 2012)
...n organic fluid. Sperm is composed of 3 main parts are the head, the midpiece and the tail. The length is 10 microns. Prostate is a walnut-sized gland. Urethra is a narrow fibromuscular tube that conducts urine and semen from the bladder and ejaculatory ducts. Penis is a cylinder shaped male external and sex organ. Glans is the sensitive bulbous structure at the distal end of the penis. Seminiferous tubules are found inside the testes. The germinal epithelial cell that forms three layers also makes it up. Seminal vesicles are paired, highly coiled, tubular structure. It’s an hollow, expandable, muscular organ. Located above the prostate and behind the urinary bladder.