LOS PAÍSES SUBDESARROLLADOS
A. LOS PAISES DEL TERCER MUNDO:
En general se considera que el primer mundo lo forman los países desarrollados de una economía de mercado. El segundo mundo lo forman los países de economía de Estado los cuales son los mismos países comunistas. El tercer mundo lo forman países en vía de desarrollados, la cual es mas de la mitad de la población mundial.
Los países del tercer mundo no forman un conjunto igual, sino que esta denominación que se le dan ha estos países incluye realidades muy diversas. Además de sus diversidades, los países del tercer mundo presentan unas características muy comunes. Unas de estas características son:
1. El rápido crecimiento de la población, a pesar de que la tasa de mortalidad infantil continúa siendo alta.
2. La amplitud del analfabetismo.
3. La reducida productividad en el trabajo.
B. LAS CAUSAS DEL SUBDESARROLLO:
1. El crecimiento de la población:
La cantidad de nacimientos es muy elevada, con relación a la que le corresponde a la cantidad que puede sobrevivir en las condiciones de vida de una sociedad como la del tercer mundo. Sin embargo, la mortalidad a tenido un notable descenso como consecuencia de los progresos de la medicina de los países avanzados, causando el crecimiento de la población. Además de aportar en el descenso de la mortalidad también produjo un crecimiento vegetativo acelerado en estos países.
En América Latina, las familias tienen una media de cuatro hijos, y en África, de cinco; pero estas cifras se ven superadas por los países musulmanes.
2. La herencia del colonialismo:
La mayoría de los países subdesarrollados son antiguas colonias. Las potencias europeas dominaron estos países y explotaron constantemente sus recursos naturales para su propio beneficio y al mismo tiempo impidieron su desarrollo industrial.
Cuando las colonias lograron su independencia política, continuaron manteniendo su dependencia económica, financiera y técnica con el país que las había colonizado o con otros países ricos.
3. El intercambio desigual
Los países en vía de desarrollo, necesitan importar productos industriales como maquinaria y tecnología. Para pagar estas importaciones venden productos agrícolas y materias primas minerales. El problema está en que los países ricos dominan este comercio e imponen un precio elevado a sus productos industriales. Los productos industriales aumentan de precio a medida que aumenta el coste de la mano de obra, mientras que los productos naturales mantienen precios más bajos. Todo esto conduce a que los países subdesarrollados se endeuden progresivamente.
This paper will be exploring the book The Vanguard of the Atlantic World by James Sanders. This book focuses upon the early 1800 to the 1900 and explores the development of South American political system as well expresses some issues that some Latino counties had with Europe and North America. Thus, Sanders focus is on how Latin America political system changes throughout this certain time and how does the surrounding countries have an effect as well on Latin political system. Therefore, the previous statement leads into some insight on what the thesis of the book is. Sanders thesis is, “Latin American’s believed they represented the future because they had adopted Republicanism and democracy while Europe was in the past dealing with monarchs
All creatures on earth just want to live very long, and the human has more avid than any other creature on our planet. The patients having critical diseases want to prolong their lives, so they want to believe in doctors and modern medical system. I believe that they want to live because they still have a lot of things that they have to do, or they don’t want to make their family feel upset when they pass away. Moreover, their family have too many expectations of the medical treatments and the doctors, but the results are always negative. My close friend’s family is an example. When his grandmother’s diabetes was in the last period, she had to get some surgeries because her feet were gangrenous. After that surgeries, she told she feels very painful and just wants to die, but she does not want to make her family feel bad. Therefore, she had suffered her painful with an expectation prolonging her life on a hospital bed. Many people nearing the end of their lives have to suffer many medical treatments looking like a mortification. “Many people think of CPR as a reliable life save when, in face, the results are usually poor,” written by the author, has demonstrated for that examples. In addition, the doctors are the second factor that affects to the decision using medical treatments. All of the doctors just want to try their best to cure the patients, and they want to help the
La Operacion is a documentary film that talks about the massive sterilization campaign that occur in Puerto Rico and left one-third of the Puerto Ricans woman population sterilize. The documentary is complete in a sense that it shows maps, data, people speaking of their personal experience, but the most important aspect of it that it shows footage of the surgery. The repetition of the surgery scene gives an idea that this surgery was a common practice of everyday life in Puerto Rico.
In the histories of Colonial Latin America there is one common aspect and that is the importation of slaves as a labor force. The resulting consequences for the territory are vital if we are to understand the development of the society. In Puerto Rico these consequences deal mainly with African influence on the peasantry, the corrective measures taken thereafter to negate the African influence, and the results of these corrective measures.
Trías-Monge, José. "The Shaping of a Colonial Policy," from Trías-Monge, Puerto Rico:The Trials of the Oldest Colony in the World (New Haven: Yale U Press, 1997)45-121.
The world has always been connected. Through trade routes, the world was accessible to anyone who had goods and resources to offer and sell. However, not all countries and territories were part of this connection. Such as Europe, who lay withering away in their dark ages without connections to trade routes, as the rest of the developed world flourished. However, a change in the 1500 century led to the demise of the established wealth and to the rise to colonizing powers. These colonizing powers were dependent on the exploitation of another country’s resources and population. What led to this shift in power and the belief of colonialism? The search for wealth. Many primary sources describe this shift in power and belief; however, Christopher’s Columbus’ letter to the Luis de Santangel outlines this phenomena with such clarity that it sets and foreshadows the economic and religious foundation for the emerging belief of colonialism; and in turn resulting in some of the first colonization of the Americas.
Latin America’s independence kicked of with the independence of Haiti. Before the the independence movement that overtook Latin America, Haiti had gained independence twenty years before the movement. The Spanish Empire had been in decline for a period of time after the rise of the English empire and many failed battles on the Spanish (class notes). The French Revolution and the American Revolution had inspired many of the Latin American countries to fight for independence (Chapter 3). They were inspired by the Enlightenment that washed over Europe. Of the inspired, one man stood out and took the movement by heart.
Infanticide is a way to alter the reproductive stream before the child has the status of a real person, which is culturally defined (source). The deaths of weak, illegitimate, excess, deformed and unwanted infants are not defined as murder when the infants have not yet been born into the social world. Infanticide occurs cross-culturally for a multitude of causes. The reasons for infanticide can be summed up into three categories: biological (including the health of the child and twin stigmas), economical (relation to other children, women's workload, and available resources) and cultural (preferred gender, illegitimate children). This essay will examine cross-culturally the biological, economic and cultural factors for infanticide.
Abortion is defined as the premature expulsion of a fetus so that it does not live. Abortions can happen as a result of natural occurrences, but the interest of this paper is abortion that is induced. Abortion has been the topic of heated debates in many places. Nicole Miller went through an abortion at the age of 18, now 20 and is attempting to talk about the experance that it put her through. The government has had long difficult battles over the aspects of abortion. Legal cases have set benchmarks that are somewhat vulnerable. The church has had to analyze doctrines to decide whether abortion is right or wrong. There has also been violence in the way of abortion clinic bombings, assassinations, and political protest.
...past, and a step towards economic globalization. It implies the privatization of the strategic sources of the region in favor of the multinational corporations and US, and not the indigenous peoples. In order to achieve the aims of the PPP, including the transportation infrastructure and Mesoamerican Energy Interconnection Initiative, the indigenous and peasant populations will be displaced from the lands and farms, causing all manner of human suffering, economic deprivation, and an irreversible loss of some of the greatest diversity in the world. But organizations and citizens around the world continue to fight for an alternative agreement for the Americas that offers guidelines for building a socially responsible and environmentally sustainable commerce that puts social and political justice at the center of trade and investment in Mexico and Central America.
There are two methods of carrying out euthanasia, the first one is active and the second one is passive. Active euthanasia means the physicians deliberately take actions which cause the death of the patients, for example, the injection of sedatives in excess amount. Passive euthanasia is that the doctors do not take any further therapies to keep the ill patients alive such as switching off the life supporting machines [1]. This essay argues that the legalization of the euthanasia should not be proposed nowadays. It begins by analyzing the problem that may cause in relation to the following aspects: ‘slippery slope’ argument, religious view, vulnerable people and a rebuttal against the fair distribution of medical resources. This essay concludes that the legalization of the voluntary euthanasia brings more harm than good.
The work continues to incorporate the deflating of authority by presenting Father Amador. Father Amador attended medical school for a few years and performs the autopsy on Santiago Nasar. Page 76 in the work describes the after effects of the autopsy. “They gave us back a ...
Rief, Sandra F. Cómo Tratar y Enseñar al Niño con Problemas de Atención e Hiperactividad. Argentina: Editorial Piados, 2000.
Prebisch, formerly the head of the Central Bank of Argentina, saw the world as two distinct areas: a center of economic power in Europe and the United States and a periphery of weaker countries in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. Prebisch concluded that Latin America’s underdevelopment was because of its importance on primary exports. The periphery was underdeveloped because it needed to create more sustenance and raw materials for export in order to import a specific amount of industrial imports. Andre Gunder Frank expressed that external monopoly resulted in the foreign expropriation, and thus local unavailability, of a significant part of the actual economic surplus produced in Latin America. Therefore, the region was actively underdeveloped by not generating at its potential and losing its surplus to Europe and North America. Peripheral countries were kept from accomplishing development because they sold their products at prices below their value, while rich countries sold products at prices above their value (Peet and Hartwick pp. 188 -199). Thus, in contrast to modernization theory, which emphasized the benefits of free trade, foreign investment, and foreign aid, these theorists argued that free trade and international market
...ntradict with Cardoso’s argument about external factors that may help development, but maintain the relationship of the periphery with its core countries.