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Accounts of Jesus'birth
An account of the birth of Jesus
An account of the birth of Jesus
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Los nacimientos o belenes
Una/Otra de las tradiciones navideñas más hermosas es la escenificación del nacimiento del Niño Jesús. No importa qué tan fiel sea la réplica del humilde establo donde María dio a luz. Lo que si importa es la alegría de niños y grandes al contemplar lo que con tanto amor y anticipación diseñaron. Ningún nacimiento es igual. En algunos hogares los nacimientos son muy sencillos y las figuras se limitan a las de José, María y el Niño Jesús, mientras que en otros hogares, se les agregan características puramente mexicanas. Lo que muchos no saben es cómo empezó la tradición.
Historia
Iglesias y Cabrera (2009) cuenta que fue San Francisco de Asís, fundador de la orden monástica de los franciscanos, quien creó el primer nacimiento para representar la llegada del Niño Jesús. Después de haber conseguido permiso del Papa Honorio III, este santo montó el primer nacimiento viviente en una ermita situada en Greccio, Italia en el año 1223 (p. 221). San Francisco construyó un pesebre y concibió “una representación teatral conformada por un grupo de personas tanto como de animales que reproducían en vivo la escena del nacimiento de Jesús” (Montero, 2011, p. 34).
Martínez y Mozzi (n.d.) escriben que “cuando por fin se arraigó esta tradición en Europa, durante mucho tiempo se mantuvo con nacimientos -o belenes- vivientes, principalmente en los recintos religiosos” (para. 4). Sin embargo, con el tiempo, el frío resultó muy incómodo para muchas personas y por lo tanto, las personas y animales se sustituyeron por figuras de barro. Se dice que fue en Nápoles, Italia a finales del siglo XIV que se montó el primer nacimiento con figuras de barro (Iglesias y Cabrera, 2009, p. 223).
Los nacimientos llegaron a México a raíz de la conquista española alrededor del siglo XVI. Los frailes se valieron de esta costumbre navideña como un instrumento más para la evangelización de los indígenas. La profesora Ofelia Pasquel de la Universidad Panamericana señala:
[los misioneros franciscanos] empezaron a enseñar a los indígenas el nacimiento de Jesús a través de representaciones gráficas, buscaron un lenguaje y forma de comunicación que fuese clara para los nativos y encontraron que montar un nacimiento era útil para enseñar el alumbramiento de Jesús a través de símbolos e imágenes de animales. (as cited in Montero, 2011, p. 34)
Así como en Italia, esta tradición se difundió por todo México y con el paso del tiempo también se empezaron a elaborar figuras de barro para representar a la Sagrada Familia.
This paper will be exploring the book The Vanguard of the Atlantic World by James Sanders. This book focuses upon the early 1800 to the 1900 and explores the development of South American political system as well expresses some issues that some Latino counties had with Europe and North America. Thus, Sanders focus is on how Latin America political system changes throughout this certain time and how does the surrounding countries have an effect as well on Latin political system. Therefore, the previous statement leads into some insight on what the thesis of the book is. Sanders thesis is, “Latin American’s believed they represented the future because they had adopted Republicanism and democracy while Europe was in the past dealing with monarchs
Doña Guadalupe is a woman of great strength and power, power and strength which she draws from her devout faith and her deep and loving compassion for her family, and power and strength which is passed down to her children. “‘Well, then, come in,’ she said, deciding that she could be handle this innocent-girl-stealing coyote inside. On going into the long tent, Salvador felt like he’d entered the web of a spider, the old woman was eyeing him so deliberately” (360). Doña Guadalupe is a very protective woman, which is extremely speculative when it comes to her children, this is especially true when it comes to boys, because she has not gone this far only for all of her hard work to be ruined by a no good boy. This shows how protective she is, she loves her family, and especially her kids so much that they themselves must pass her test before being able to pass on to her children. “The newborns were moving, squirming, reaching out for life. It was truly a sign from God” (58). Doña Guadalupe is also a very devout and faithful person. She sees God in everything and in everyone and by that fact, what she sees and who she sees is true, and she tries to be a model of clairvoyance for the family. “Doña Guadalupe put the baby’s little feet in a bowel of warm water, and the child clinging to his mother. He never cried, listening to her heartbeat, the same music that he’d heard from inside the womb” (57). Finally, Doña Guadalupe is very passionate which allows for a great model upon which her children follow. This further shows how she is clearly th...
One of the most interesting aspects of Diaz’s narrative is towards the end when Cortés broaches the subject of Christianity with Montezuma. Conversion and missionary work was one of the most important and lasting goals of the conquistadors and other contemporary explorers, they were charged with this duty by the rulers who sent t...
Mexican Lives is a rare piece of literature that accounts for the human struggle of an underdeveloped nation, which is kept impoverished in order to create wealth for that of another nation, the United States. The reader is shown that the act of globalization and inclusion in the world’s economies, more directly the United States, is not always beneficial to all parties involved. The data and interviews, which Hellman has put forth for her readers, contain some aspect of negativity that has impacted their lives by their nation’s choice to intertwine their economy with that of the United States. Therefore it can only be concluded that the entering into world markets, that of Mexico into the United States, does not always bring on positive outcomes. Thus, one sees that Mexico has become this wasteland of economic excrement; as a result it has become inherently reliant on the United States.
Throughout time, stories have been passed down from generation to generation in order to make sense of our world and to share that understanding with others. “Los tres hermanos (The Three Brothers)” and “El indito de las cien vacas (The Indian and the Hundred Cows)” are two Tales of the Hispanic Southwest that I feel the reader could truly relate to in terms of the important moral lessons that were meant to be taught, inferred and understood. The lesson in “Los tres hermanos (The Three Brothers)” involves understanding that the characters involved failed to reflect on the needs of the thirsty, hungry and poor, the lonely, as well as the elderly and are ultimately fairly served by means of moral ruin, death, and worst of all, eternal damnation, while “El indito de las cien vacas (The Indian and the Hundred Cows)” in due course, involves the notion that God helps those who help themselves.
8. Meyer, Michael C., et al. The Course of Mexican History, 7th ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.
Bowden’s idea of why this happened focused mainly on the old misunderstood traditions of the tribes living in Mexico. He shows how the friars, churches and icons took the blunt of the revolts force. Bowden points out the religious differences and similarities be...
This historical study will define the important role of Hernan Cortes in the colonization of Mexico in the age of the Spanish conquistador. Cortes was an important figure in Mexican history because of his discovery of Mexico at the Yucatan peninsula in 1519. During this time, Cortes became a historical figure that represented the “conquistador” system of conquest throughout the Mayan and Aztec Empires during the early part of the 15th century. The fall of these indigenous civilizations marked the beginning of Spanish colonization of Central America. Cortes was a significant figure because of the primarily military style of coercion and conquest that sought to annihilate the indigenous peoples of Mexico, and to claim Spanish territory. These conquests contributed significantly to the blend of indigenous and Spanish traditions of Mexico’s national history. Cortes represents the first phase of colonization for the Spanish empire in terms of the violent and aggressive nature of the Spanish Conquistador in the discovery of Mexico. The image of the Spanish conquistador as an often violent and ruthless colonizer is defined the invasion and destruction of the Aztec empire in Mexican history. In essence, a
Dutto, Rev. L. A. The Life of Bartolomé de Las Casas and the First Leaves of American Ecclesiastical History St. Louis, MO: B. Herder 1902
In 1697, another Christian mission of Franciscan priests attempted to set up shop in Calusa Territory. Father Lopez, the mission’s leader, described seeing a “house of masks”. I will discuss, and give details of, a mask found at Pineland Site Complex later in this paper. During the Franciscan’s short stint in Calos, the Calusa were observed participating in their masked
This book as mentioned before is a great addition to academia; Dr., García’s thorough research, and vast amount of statistics, give new light to the Mexican immigration into the United States in the nineteenth century, As well as the many contributions of the Mexican people in this country. Which has many times been overlooked by scholars, who choose to focus on immigration from the other side of the Atlantic, as the greater contributor of talent and greatness in this country. García’s book not only includes the struggle of men but also the struggle of the many women who sacrificed much, and had to endure even more while working as domestics for many racist patronas. Dr., Mario García obtained a PhD. At the University of California in San Diego, and is currently a professor of Chicano/Chicana studies at the University of California in Santa Barbara.
“The Conquest of New Spain” is the first hand account of Bernal Diaz (translated by J.M. Cohen) who writes about his personal accounts of the conquest of Mexico by himself and other conquistadors beginning in 1517. Unlike other authors who wrote about their first hand accounts, Diaz offers a more positive outlook of the conquest and the conquistadors motives as they moved through mainland Mexico. The beginning chapters go into detail about the expeditions of some Spanish conquistadors such as Francisco Hernandez de Cordoba, Juan de Grijalva and Hernando Cotes. This book, though, focuses mainly on Diaz’s travels with Hernando Cortes. Bernal Diaz’s uses the idea of the “Just War Theory” as his argument for why the conquests were justifiable
In Miguel de Unamuno’s novella San Manuel Bueno, Martyr, readers learn about the life of Don Manuel, a Catholic priest secretly holding atheist beliefs and doubts in the afterlife. Despite these disbeliefs, Don Manuel works tirelessly to help his community and is regarded as a saint by all who meet him, hence the handle “San Manuel,” which literally translates to “Saint Manuel.” Don Manuel’s struggle and affiliation with sainthood receives further analysis and context from Francisco LaRubia-Prado, who parallels Unamuno’s novella to elements of Greek Tragedy and heroism. Drawing from Unamuno’s background with Ancient Greek playwriting and Sigmund Freud’s Totem and Taboo, LaRubia-Prado argues that Don Manuel should be seen as a representation of Christ and must suffer in silence in order to play the role of the dying, tragic hero that saves the
John P. Meier "How do we decide what comes from Jesus" in The Historical Jesus in Recent Research 2006 pages 132–136
The details of this life have been retold since the days when men lived in caves, so much so that some of them are more backwards than the enemy of the Church himself; but God in his wisdom, recognized that this was a part of the human nature, and so, he has given us a treasure in which small details are just that, and they do not greatly affect the larger image, as long as the mile markers are kept in mind. So, it is one of these episodes of the growth of the Kingdom of God amongst men, which we are to focus on, a time when controversy surrounded the very occurrences which led to one of the strongest systems of beliefs that exist today. Yes, there are many episodes of such nature in the Catholic religion, but one of great significance was the initiation of the papacy, when people from many cultures began to come together, whethe...