In order to best describe a local landline phone system it is best to understand some of the terms for the basic components of the landline telephone. A local loop is a loop of copper wire that allows current to flow from the telephone to the central office and back. It is a dual-wire physical interface that connects a telephone to the central office. The two wires are typically referred to as a twisted pair. This is how signal is sent through the telephone to give you the dial tone and to be able to talk. With the use of wires, this makes phone signal more clear than using a mobile phone and can help increase privacy. The central office which is also referred to as the local exchange serves a group of subscribers (customers). All of the subscribers are physically connected to the central office through a pair of copper wires. All communications with the subscribers go through the central office. It is basically a wire system that is a building that houses inside plant equipment. The local exchange carriers (LEC) are local telephone companies that provide service along with other LEC’s within a designated geographical area. One LEC serves multiple central offices. The landline phone system also has long distance service which in the US is provided by an IXC. These carriers connect LECs together in different LATA or local access and transport area and sometimes within the same LATA. A POP or point of presence is the point where either the LEC or a long distance carrier meets another long distance carrier. It provides interconnection to the long distance carrier or interexchange carrier (IXC). When referring to cellular telephones, voice pertains to just basic voice talking conversations. The first generations (1G) cell ... ... middle of paper ... ...e common services that are packaged together to make up a triple play are internet, phone and cable. Cloud computing is a way to increase the capabilities of a device or add new capabilities or services without making any hardware changes to the device. An example is if you are traveling and along the way you stop and power on your laptop to check your email. Some of the key cloud computing services being offered today address data storage. Storing important information and files in the cloud can ensure that they are available for years to come and can be accessed globally wherever Internet connectivity is available. Through cloud computing a handheld device, such as a table computer, can access the Internet, check email, purchase concert tickets or monitor a webcam on another continent. Computation and software are also two other key areas of cloud computing.
The earliest telephone switches were hand-operated - that is, they required a human operator to make connections by plugging circuits into a switchboard. When the customer "rang" the central office, the operator scanned the switchboard and connected the caller by plugging into the requested line.
Cordless phones use radio waves to allow individuals to walk around freely in their home without the need to be bound by a cord while talking over their land-based phone line.
Telecommunications gained mainstream attention in the early 90’s; however the initial key market was business men and women, who used their phones whilst being on the move and so allowing them to communicate with their companies with ease. Though in the modern era, telecommunication went through segmentation in the market trends, and now in this day and age it would be difficult to find someone who does not own some form of mobile technology. Many phone providers battle to provide the best service for their customers (Figure 1).
Ring Topology - All devices are connected to one another in the shape of a closed loop or ring, so that each node is connected directly to two other nodes, one on either side of it.
The main advantage of using this system is that is supports voice over IP (VoIP) services such as IP-Centrex. IP Centrex is a service that provides a single broadband access point to a company. The company can use this access point to broadcast packets of voice data. When no voice data is present, more bandwidth is available to other uses of the company. This results in saved money to the company because dedicated phone lines are not needed.
The wireless communications industry is perhaps matched only by the personal computer field in the rate at which new products and features are being introduced to the marketplace. What was once a novelty, used primarily by businesses, has now become commonplace among the masses. Today, cellular phones are owned by more than 114 million Americans according the Cellular Telecommunications & Internet Association reports . One of the advantages of having a cellular/mobile phone is that time spent commuting, caught up in traffic and traveling could now be productive. In addition, it increases the sense of security for people driving alone or concerned about vehicle breakdowns.
Businesses of today need more connectivity than ever. I am going to bring you a brief look into the telecommunications department of Alenia Marconi Systems. If you look hard you might even find one employee that is in charge of handling the details of the day to day information transfer, storage, and retrieval. Actually you need not look real hard, one extension is all you really need.
The Telephone System The telephone is one of the most creative and prized inventions in the world. It has advanced from its humble beginnings to its wireless communication technology today and for the future. The inhabitants of the earth have long communicated over a distance, which has been done by shouting from one hilltop or tower to another. The word "telephone" originated from a combination of two Greek words: "tele", meaning far off, and "phone", meaning voice or sound, and became the known term for "far- speaking." A basic telephone usually contains a transmitter, that transfers the caller's voice, and a receiver, that amplifies sound from an In the transmitter there are two common kinds of transmitters: the carbon transmitter, and the electric transmitter.
A communications network can provide many types of service. The most basic type of service is known as simplex. This service provides one-way communication. Examples of this type of service are TV distribution, and the transmission of burglar alarm messages.
people have phones with multiple lines in order to handle the influx of phone calls. They get
When phones became available to the public they were not considered to be mobile in today’s sense of the word. They were available to have installed in an automobile, they were big and bulky, and they needed and consumed a lot of power to use. The phone networks would only support a few simultaneous conversations. Cell phones since then have made vast improvements in their efficiency, abilities, and size. The first handheld mobile phone wasn’t produce until 1973. The origin...
In its primitive days, the telephone was all but cumbersome. It means when someone was to make a call, the caller had to go through an operator to connect the caller to another party. The telephone was also better at receiving than transmitting. The microphone was not sensitive enough. There were also switchboards in which an operator had to manually remove one socket to connect to another. As the demand of telephone use grew, the need to replace the switchboard system had to be done.
In early telephone networks, call completion was dependent on an operator to complete the calls. When you wanted to place a call you would pick up the receiver and be connected to an operator at the Central Office (CO). The CO is the local telephone office which all local lines connect too and where circuit switching of subscriber lines occurs. The operator would determine which two lines need to be connected for the parties to talk and connect the lines. To connect the two lines the operator would plug a cord connecting the two ports on a cord board to bridge the two ports together. The cord board used by the operator to connect the two parties was the first example of an early switching system.
Making a telephone call no longer should conjure up visions of operators connecting cables by hand or even of electrical signals causing relays to click into place and effect connections during dialing. The telephone system now is just a multilevel computer network with software switches in the network nodes to route calls get through much more quickly and reliably than they did in the past. A disadvantage is the potential for dramatic and widespread failures; for as has happened.
The term telephone is founded by the greek root tele, which means afar and phone.. The telephone is a specific type of telecommunication that allows people to carry direct conversations over a period of time and at almost any distance. A quote from the article telephone describes how the telephone works. “The articulate speech is transmitted in a form of modulated electric current propagating along conductors or radio waves. The apparatus used for converting the verbal sounds into electromagnetic signals and vice versa is called a telephone set and is also commonly referred to as a telephone.” The telephone has been proven to be a valid way of communications and has been evolving ever since it was created. It has proven to be very valuable in the areas of business, government, science, public health, personal services, or social