Chapter-2
Review of literature
Motivation:
Motivation is the reason or reasons for engaging in a particular behavior as studied in economics, psychology and neuropsychology. These reasons may include basic needs such as food or desired object, hobbies, goal, state of being or ideal. The motivation for behavior may also be attributed to less- apparent reasons such as altruism or morality. Motivation refers to the initiation, direction, intensity and persistence of human behavior.
Gray and Starke defined motivation as “the result of processes, internal or external to the individual, that arouse enthusiasm and persistence to pursue a certain course of action.”
Sayles defined motivation as “the processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.”
R.M. Steers and L.W. Porter proposed that “how behavior gets started, is energized, is sustained, is directed, is stopped and what kind of subjective reaction is present in the organization while all this is going on”
Greenberg & Baron define motivation as, “The set of processes that arouse, direct, and maintain human behavior towards attaining some goal.”
Halepota defines motivation as “a person’s active participation and commitment to achieve the prescribed results.”
Steers proposed that “Never before and, some would argue, never since has so much progress been made in explicating the aetiology of work motivation”
Young suggested that “motivation can be defined in a variety of ways, depending on who you ask .Ask some one on the street, you may get a response like “its what drives us” or “its what make us do the things we do.” Therefore motivation is the force within an individual that account for the level, directio...
... middle of paper ...
...stablish the emotional connect to the cause of the role are likely to get more productivity.
4. Challenge them
When you challenge people, they respond with a vengeance. Ask people for better customer serving ideas, improving processes in manufacturing companies or even how to increase their day-to-day response time. Several companies have cross-functional teams to create and throw such challenges and it really works well for them.
5. Manage employee stress levels
Organising health-related conversations with experts and activities — ranging from group trekking, going for walks over weekends with colleagues and families, encouraging employees to participate in mass marathons — help in building bonds and de-stress employees. This in turn increases productivity. Wellness and productivity has become a key practice area for us as a result of growing interest of companies.
Motivation is the reason or reasons one has for acting or behaving in a particular way according to Google. The three milers in The Perfect Mile attempt to achieve the four-minute mile, and they each have different forms of motivation. There are two milers that achieve success because their motive impelled them to prevail. What is motivation?
Motivation is defined as the process that guides, initiates, and maintains goal orientated behavior and thought (Cherry, 2013). Motivation is what drives individuals to do what they do, whether it is something as simple as getting a drink because he or she are thirsty or something as big as getting up every day and gong to work for a paycheck.
Motivation is defined as an inner drive that encourages action or feeling towards a desired goal. It is moving forward and not staying static. A person’s efforts are energized, directed and sustained towards achieving their goal. It is a basic desire which begins with a physiological or psychological need which triggers a behaviour that is aimed at a goal or incentive. For example hunger motivates the need for food. Desires and goals are the inherent strength that drives us to move, take action or plan to achieve. The processes that give behaviour strength and purpose are needs, cognitions, emotions and external events. Reeve (5th Edition).
According to Robbins et al; (Robbins et al, pg 296) motivation refers to the process by which a persons efforts are energized, sustained, and directed towards a goal. This definition has three key elements: energy, direction, and persistence. Motivation is a complex and important subject, has historically been given a great deal of attention by Psychologists, who have proposed theories to explain it. (Riggio, pg 188),
McShane, S.L. and Von Glinow, M. A. (2009). Organizational Behavior: Emerging knowledge and practice for the real world. McGraw-Hill.
What is motivation? According to text, motivation is defined as a set of factors that activate, direct, and maintain behavior, usually toward a certain goal. Motivation is the energy that makes us do things: this is a result of our individual needs being satisfied so that we have inspiration to complete the mission. These needs vary from person to person as everybody has their individual needs to motivate themselves. Depending on how motivated we are, it may further determine the effort we put into our work and therefore increase the standard of the productivity. There have been a wide variety of theories about motivation developed over the years. Several are drive-reduction theory, arousal theory, psychosocial (both incentive and cognitive) theory, and Maslow’s H...
Steers, Richard M., Richard T. Mowday, and Debra L. Shapiro. "Introduction to Special Topic Forum: The Future of Work Motivation Theory." The Academy of Management Review 29.3 (2004): 379. Print.
Osland, J. S., Kolb, D. A., Rubin, I. M., & Turner, M. E. (Eds.). (2007). The organizational behavior: An experiential approach (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Motivation is key in the workplace. It is developed from the collaboration of both conscious and unconscious principles such as the strength of desire or need, motivating force or reward estimation of the objective, and desires of the person and of his or her peers/co-workers. These elements are the reasons one has for carrying on a specific way. An illustration is an understudy that invests additional energy contemplating for a test since he or she needs a superior review in the class. The Inside and outside principles that animate want and vitality in individuals to be constantly intrigued and centered around their work, part or subject, or to try to achieve an objective.
There is an old saying you can take a horse to the water but you can not force it to drink. It will drink only if its thirsty-so with people. They will do what they want to do or otherwise motivated to do. Whether it is to excel on the workshop floor or in the “Ivory tower” they must be motivated or driven to it either by themselves or through external stimulus. Are they both with the self-motivation or drive? Yes and no if no, they can be motivated, for motivation is a skill, which can and must be learnt. This is essential for any business to survive and succeed.
According to Greenberg (1999) motivation is defined "as a process of arousing, directing and maintaining behaviour towards a goal." Where directing' refers to the selection of a particular behaviour; and maintenance' refers to the inclination to behave with consistency in that manner until the desired outcome is met.
¡§Motivation¡¨ derives from the Latin verb ¡§movere¡¨ which means ¡§to move¡¨. Beck (2004, p.3) defined Motivation as an internal state which is the driving force that activates behaviour or gives directions to thoughts, feelings and actions of an organism.
The layman’s view of motivation is defined has the action whereby one is given a reason or purpose to complete an objective with more zeal. This in itself is not something new, but rather a method that has been applied for an immeasurable number years, possibly before it was even defined, classified
According to Greenberg (1999), motivation is defined “as a process of arousing, directing and maintaining behavior towards a goal.” Where “directing” refers to the selection of a particular behavior; and ‘maintenance” refers to the inclination to behave with consistency in that manner until the desired outcome is met.
There are many different ways of interpretation of the concept of motivation. To define motivation in general I relied on Oxford Dictionary (2017): “A reason or