Many times two diseases show links between themselves. One example of a link is Down’s syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. Down’s syndrome is a chromosomal disorder, and acute myeloid leukemia is the most common form of acute leukemia. Patients who have both of these diseases have to be treated separately and differently than those who suffer from just one disease. The survival rates of DS-AML patients are exceptionally high, especially in young patients. As a patient’s age increases, their survival rating decreases, however, comparatively to survival rates of other cancer, their rates remain optimistically high even at an older age.
Many scientists devote their entire lives to researching a particular subject or link in their field of study. Because of the great strides in study, science, and medicine, links between diseases are now exposed more easily than ever before. In depth experiments and theories are developing each and every day in order to process and explain many discoveries and links, and as a result, society reaps the benefits. Once relationships between two diseases, such as Down’s syndrome and Leukemia, surface, a whole new area of study arises also, thus giving scientists a new array of topics to research. Down’s syndrome and leukemia are showing in patients simultaneously fairly regularly, and the discovery of this link allows doctors and scientist to better treat and research these diseases.
Down’s syndrome results from a full or even a partial extra set of chromosome 21; this extra genetic information changes the development route and causes the features typically possessed by someone with Down’s syndrome. “A few of the common physical traits of Down syndrome are low muscle tone, small stature, an ...
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"Acute Myeloid Leukemia." Acute Myeloid Leukemia. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2014. http://www.jnccn.org/content/10/8/984.short.
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"GATA1-positive Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia in a 6.9-year-old Patient with Down Syndrome: What is the Prognosis?." Clinical Pediatric Hematology-Oncology. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2014. http://www.cpho.or.kr/journal/view.html?uid=605&&vmd=Full.
The type of mutation that occurs in Down syndrome is aneuploidy that is the irregular number of chromosomes in a cell. The most common of the three is the trisomy 21 that occurs in about 90% of people with the disorder. In this factor the human is given three copies of the chromosome 21 instead of the common two copies. This occurs due to the complications of the cell division in the process of the egg or sperm. The next case is mosaic which happen when there are inequality of cells with three copies of chromosome 21 and others with the original two copies. Mosaic appears when there is an unexpected cell division after fertilization. The last and the rarest form is translocation and that happens while the chromosome 21 in cell division is broken off and attached to another chromosome. Since the disorder is unexpected there are numerous amounts of risk factors that are possible based on the severity of the person.
Children with Down Syndrome have distinct physical characteristics. They are short in stature and have a small, round face with a high flattened ...
It is believed that people with Down Syndrome has been around for a while. In 1959 Professor Jérome Lejeune proved that Down's syndrome is a chromosomal irregularity.Parents in that time were ashamed of their children with disabilities.In 1944 kids with disabilities did not have the right to have an education. Not until 1971 it was recognized that it should be legal for people with learning disabilities to get an education.Life expectancy for people with Down syndrome has heightened dramatically in modern decades from 25 in 1983 to 60 today. People with down syndrome have an increased risk for certain medical conditions such as heart disease,brain atrophy and learning disorders.(downs-syndrome association)
It is a well known fact that all living things, humans included, are made up of cells. The nucleus of a typical cell in the human body is made up of 23 pairs of chromosomes. Half of the pairs come from each parent. In some individuals there is a full or partial extra copy of chromosome 21 present; these individuals have Down Syndrome (National Down Syndrome Society). Down Syndrome is a genetic disorder that most people know very little about. Since Down Syndrome is something that very few people know much about, this paper will include a lot of information about the disorder that is not well known to the general public. In this paper I will discuss what exactly Down Syndrome is and provide background information and history, describe how and when the disorder is diagnosed, provide insight of what life is like for a person with Down Syndrome and I will do my best to clear up many misconceptions that people often have about individuals with Down Syndrome.
Roizen, Nancy & Patterson, David. (2003). Down’s syndrome. The Lancet, 361 (9365). Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/199035382/abstract?accountid=4216
All three types of Down syndrome have an extra chromosome or part of chromosome 21 in one or all the cells. The extra chromosome changes the way an embryo develops and changes the physical and mental characteristics of the child. It is unknown what exactly causes nondisjunction. Although it is unknown, research has shown that the chances of having a child with Down syndrome go up as the woman’s age goes up. Even though the chances goes up the older the woman is, 80% of Down syndrome cases occur in woman under the age of 35. Although age can cause nondisjunction, there is nothing that proves that age is linked to translocation. This is due to more women having children at a younger age. Nothing as of today has been proven that any activities of the parents during or before pregnancy has affected the chance of the child developing Down syndrome. Also, there is no proof that the environment of the child causes Down syndrome. Most cases of Down syndrome have not been inherited from the parents, but 5% of the cases are due to the father’s
"Down syndrome." South African Medical Journal 101.1 (2011): 6. Health Reference Center Academic. Web. 16 Apr. 2014.
Down syndrome is caused by a problem with a baby’s chromosome. Chromosomes are cell structures made up genetic DNA (“Chromosomes”). Most people with Down syndrome have 47 chromosomes. This changes the way the brain
“The word 'leukemia' is a very frightening word. In many instances, it's a killer and it's something that you have to deal with in a very serious and determined way if you're going to beat it” - Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. Many people, including tons of children, fight leukemia every day trying to beat this vicious cancer. Without knowing how leukemia is exactly caused, it puts a damper on how to avoid it.
"What Is Leukemia?" What Is Leukemia? My Blogpost Wordpress, 31 May 2009. Web. 07 Mar. 2011. .
John Langdon Down, an English physician in the late nineteenth century published an accurate description of a person with Down syndrome. This paper was published in 1866 and got Down the recognition as “father” of the syndrome. In later
Kanwar, V.S. (2013, Sep 16). Diseases & Conditions - Medscape Reference. Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Retrieved January 13, 2014, from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/990113-overview#a0156
Down syndrome can be caused by a random error in cell division which results in a presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21. This type of error is called nondisjunction. Usually when one cell divides in two, pairs of chromosomes are split so that one of the pair goes to one cell, and the other from the pair goes to the other cell. In nondisjunction something happens that makes both chromosomes from one pair go into one cell and no chromosome from that pair goes into the other cell. A lot of the time, the error occurs at random during the formation of an egg or sperm. After a lot of research is has been discovered that in more than 90% of cases, the extra copy of chromosome 21 comes from the mother in the
When it comes to diagnosis, doctors have a hard time differentiating leukemia from other minor
In our world today, Down Syndrome, also known as Trisomy 21, is one of the most common genetic conditions. Down Syndrome affects one in every 691 babies each year. Approximately 400,000 Americans have Down Syndrome and around 6,000 babies in the United States are born with it every year (“What is Down Syndrome”). It is very likely for a child with Down Syndrome to develop leukemia in their lifetime. The risk of leukemia is much higher for that of someone with Down Syndrome than it is for someone not affected by Down Syndrome. So, is there some kind of connection between the development of Leukemia in children with Down syndrome?