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Mediation and conflict essays
Arbitration and mediation as conflict resolution measures
Facilitative approach to conflict resolution
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Limits of Mediation: Sudan Peace Mediation
Is the Sudan peace mediation by IGAD the answer to the questions of whether the mediators are guaranteed by the conditions and demands how about the parties to the conflict or can they strike out? With little contemplation as to the alternative or consequences the IGAD mediation team did chose to be in bound by the parties.
Something exceptional was the Machakos Protocol which was short and the vision was very far limited, upon which was supposedly based on by the DoP. The Nakuru framework was totally condemned by the GoS, which was seen as the next attempt. The peace process was meant to be limited as the message came out clear, as one of the negotiator stated ‘step by step’ while the leading role was played by the Sudanese parties.
The University of Nairobi student CC AA was near to the truth and stated that at the time of the emergence of armed insurgency groups in Darfur did expos the narrowness of the Naivasha peace agreement (Kenny, 2004), as well Sharath Srinivasan came up with almost the same conclusion
IGAD was pushed towards a full peace agreement and planning for peace as the International community was overwhelmed. In February and April 2003 there were recommendations that unnecessary advocacy was a peace spoiler this fetched in calls for a greater focus on Darfur. In October 2002 an extensive strategic hardware and personnel support flowed from the SPLM to Darfur rebels from 2002 onwards, yet conflicts in Darfur and the IGAD process did interconnect
A rapid agreement in the south had to be reached which was the best way to conclude the conflict in Darfur, this was stated by Sumbeiywo who was followed by many analysts. (Kenny, 2004, de Waal, January 2005, and var...
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...asis for Negotiations.’ Press Release. 25 August 2003.
• Ryle, John. ‘Disaster in Darfur.’ New York Review of Books. Vol. 51. No. 13. 12 August 2004.
• Srinivasan, Sharath. ‘Minority Rights, Early Warning and Conflict Prevention: Lessons From Darfur.’ Minority Rights Group International. London. September 2006.
• IRIN. ‘Interview with Sadig Al-Mahdi. Omdurman. 5 October 2005.
• IGAD. Communiqué Issued by the 26th Session of IGAD Council of Ministers. Nairobi. 13 April 2007.
• IGAD. ‘Structure and Terms of Reference for the Secretariat of the IGAD Peace Process on Sudan.’Nairobi. 21 July 1999.
• IGAD Secretariat on Peace in Southern Sudan. ‘Modalities on the Task Force.’ Nairobi. 3 May 2002.
• Kenny, Gary. ‘Beyond a North-South Settlement: Addressing the problems of marginalisation in Sudan.’Africa Files. 2004.
Her memoir starts off in Darfur in 2005, where in her late 20’s, she hits rock bottom while managing a refugee camp for 24,000 civilians. It backtracks to her internship in Rwanda, while moving forward to her challenges in Darfur, in addition to her experiences in post- tsunami Indonesia, and post-quake in Haiti. By sharing her story, Alexander gives readers an opportunity to go behind-the-scenes into the devastations that are censored on media outlets. She stresses that these are often the problems that individuals claim they are educated on, but rarely make it their priority to solve. However, that is not the case for Jessica Alexander as she has over 12 years of experience working with different NGO’s and UN operations. As a result, Alexander earns the credibility to critique the multi-billion-dollar humanitarian aid industry. From her painful yet rewarding work experience, Alexander gives an honest and empathetic view of humanitarian aid as an establishment and a
“UN Extends Darfur Force Mandate.” Aljazeera.net. 31 Jul 2010: n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 08 Nov 2013.
"Peacekeeping and Peacemaking." Reading and Remembrance . N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2014. . (tags: none | edit tags)
“Darfur Genocide.” World Without Genocide. William Mitchell School of Law, n.d. Web. 16 April 2014. .
In Northern Kenya a small village of Sudanese refugees have made a makeshift village, which has served as their permanent housing for the past twenty years. This village displays the kind of poverty that is predictably featured in Time Magazine on a semi-regular basis: mud walls are adorned by straw roofs, ribs can be easily counted on shirtless bodies, flour is a resource precious enough to be rationed, and a formidable desert can be seen in all directions. What do you see when you look at this village? Do you see a primitive society, struggling to survive in a world that has long made struggling for survival antiquated, do you see the cost of western colonialism, do you see a people deprived of the dignity of humanity, do you just
Reeves, Eric. “Genocide Without End? The Destruction of Darfur”. EBSCOHOST.com. H.W.Wilson, 1 Jan. 2003. Web.
In spite of various failed attempts of secession in many African countries, Eritrea and South Sudan were successful in getting independence, with international and regional actors’ recognition. But the question remains whether these countries are on the right track to address the main challenges that emerge in the aftermath of secession, in the process of peacebuilding and state building in particular with issues of human rights, political stability and development for their people who voted for secession during referendums.
"The Genocide in Darfur and Its Consequences." By Kallie Szczepanski. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Apr. 2014.
The atrocities in Darfur are being conducted by an assembly of government funded and heavily armed militants who are known as the Janjaweed. These groups of Arab radicals destroy the people of Darfur by pillaging and burning their villages, robbing them of their economic assets, contaminating their water supplies by dumping dead bodies into the wells, slaughtering, raping, and tormenting them. The attacks on the villages range from a variety of approaches but the most typical start with bombings from the Sudanese Air Force, followed by the raids of the Janjaweed. A recent estimate by UNICEF has the death toll in Darfur at an astonishing 300,000. Out of the total population of 6.2 million people, 4.7 million are affected by the conflict. Half of the directly affected people are children; of these children, almost 700,000 have lived their entire life knowing nothing more than the violent lifestyle that has overtaken the region (Sudan: Darfur Overview).
The Darfur case however, revealed that both of these strategies are not effective. Responding to the genocide in Darfur, the US officials declared the label genocide to be occurring. Thereafter, a politically civil-society coalition emerged so as to lobby the administration. The net outcome of these two scenarios however was the same in the absence of effective policies that could halt the genocide. The Rwandan genocide has always acted as the point of reference for similar genocides taking place around the world. Since the 2003 crisis in Darfur, a lot of comparisons have been made to Rwandan genocide. Observers have likened the Darfur genocide to what happened in Rwanda and of course giving it two connotations. First, the violence in the western parts of Sudan has been referred to another Rwanda, by basing their arguments on the nature of the violence. Since whatever was happening in Darfur is similar t...
Kiernan, Ben. Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur. Harrisonburg, VA: Yale University Press, 2007.
Tadesse, Debay. Post-independence South Sudan: the challenges ahead. ISPI-ISTITUTO PER GU STUDI DI POLITICA INTERNAZIONALE. February 2012.no.46.
We are now a decade on from the August 2003 Accra Peace agreement which drew a line under 14 years of civil war and the oppressive dictatorship of Charles Taylor. The peace agreement bought a renewed chance of peace and stability after the atrocities that had been committed across the country. A post-war transitional government was established consisting of 76 members: 12 each from the three warring parties; Government of the Republic of Liberia, the Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD) and the Movement for Democracy in Liberia (MODEL). Other members from the remaining 18 political parties; seven from civil society and s...
However, must be bear in mind that the mediator is at no power of making decisions which bind the parties. The mutual agreement or resolution which achieved during a mediation process will need enforcement by registering the resolution or settlement agreement in court. Although mediation seems like a better solution than the court process however, must be remember that not every mediation session will end up with a settlement or resolution as wanted, take for example a mediation which took place between one of Malaysia celebrity, Hanez Suraya and her Public Relation (PR) Officer, Mohd Fairus...
IOs and states play a critical role in maintaining world peace and security. The United Nations (UN), in particular, is the centerpiece of global governance with respect to the maintenance of world peace. The UN provides general guidelines for all the states on how to solve potential conflicts and maintain international o...