Charles Re7nnie Mackintosh was born on June 7, 1868. He was born and raised in Glasgow, Scotland. Mackintosh was the son of a police superintendent. Charles was an architect, artist, and designer in Scotland. He designed in the post impressionist movement. Mackintosh was considered to be a huge influence on European architecture in his time. Charles was the fourth child out of eleven children. Later in his life, he went to The Glasgow School of Art and met Margaret MacDonald his future wife. Later they became members of a group called The Four. They got married in 1900 and never had any children. In 1923 they moved to France due to financial issues. Here, Charles created a portfolio of architectural and interior ideas and water color art work. They stayed in France for two years and then moved to London. When they moved back, Charles was diagnosed with throat and tongue cancer. He was then moved to a nursing home where he died at age 60. Charles Rennie Mackintosh died on December 10, 1928.
2. Charles attended Allan Glen’s school and the Glasgow School of Art. In 1890, Charles won the Alexander Thomson Traveling Scholarship. He studied ancient classic architecture under a scholarship. He also traveled extensively through Italy.
3. Throughout Charles’ career, he was inspired by Japanese architecture, Art Nouveau, and the Arts and Crafts movement. The arts and crafts movement occurred in the 1060’s to the 1900’s and people were using organic materials, paints, and crafts. The movement was inspire by the medieval times. One article explains Art Nouveau, “Art Nouveau buildings often have asymmetrical shapes, arches and decorative surfaces with curved, plant-like designs”(About). He liked the simplicity of the Japanese architec...
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...of designing interiors and exteriors. That was recognized later, when the University of Glasgow bought many of his water colors. He, along with many other architects, created a new era in architectural and interior design that can still be seen today.
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Charles attended Brentwood School in Essex which is father was headmaster of but in 1894 Charles changed schools to Clifton College before winning a scholarship to Hertford College in Oxford in 1898.
The design principles that Wright and Olmsted lived by helped to create a standard for following generations. Using Nature as an inspiration and a employing a consistent programmatic style have been characteristics that designers have picked up on from Wright, and plan to continue using. Juxtaposing nature and thick urban life, and finding innovative ways to mix the two, has become a signature characteristic that points to Olmsted. Both, Frank Lloyd Wright and Frederik Law Olmsted have had a heavy influence on designers today when it comes to including nature in design, but in very contrasting ways.
He got a lot of his inspiration from his mother. She loved painting with water colors and making
‘Florated madness, liniar hysteria, strange decoratve disease, stylistic free-for-all’, such were the terms its contemporaries used to describe Art Nouveau, the first international design style. Art Nouveau was the rebellion against the entire Victorian sensibility, steeped as it was in the past. The exponents of the style hoped to revolutionize every aspect of design in order to set a standard that would be compatible with the new age. Art Nouveau was a direct descendant of the Arts and Crafts movement and influenced by celtic ornament as well as Japanese woodcut prints, all this resulted in an international style based on decoration.
The fact that Thomas Jefferson was an untrained designer with what seems to be architectural genius would give reason enough to study and research his works. Jefferson said, “Architecture is my delight.” Monticello, the Virginia Capital, and the University of Virginia being Jefferson’s most well known architectural feats. His French style architecture can be seen all over the state of Virginia and the world.
Pile, J. F., 2005. A History of Interior Design. 4th ed. Toronto: Laurence King Publishing.
Leoh Ming Pei was born in Canton, China in 1917 and came to the United States for his further education. Because of his fathers influence on him, who always encouraged Pei in designing, he attended MIT and it was finally in Harvard that he got his architectural degree. Being brought up in a different culture also had an impact in his design for his approach towards it was different from most of his American classmates whose approaches towards design were mostly very traditional. At Harvard, Le Corbussier’s “Expressive Modernism” influenced him in his use of simple geometric shapes and forms. Gropius also had a great deal of influence on Pei for he developed a reliance on abstract form and materials such as stone, concrete, glass and steel and later developed his own approach to design in which he exhibits interest in the Avant Garde. My next architect is (1910- 1961) who was born in Finland, a son of an architect father and a sculptor and architectural model-maker mother. His parents’ professions influenced him very much into being an architect and he enrolled in Cranbrok Institute of Architecture and also Yale University after his family moved to the United States. He also went to Europe for a year to study sculpture and over there, he was greatly influenced by the sculptors there of that time and this sculptural influence is seen in almost every one of his designs.
It appears that from the very beginning, Frank Lloyd Wright was destined by fate or determination to be one of the most celebrated architects of the twentieth century. Not only did Wright possess genius skills in the spatial cognition, his approach to architecture through geometric manipulation demonstrates one aspect of his creativeness. Forever a great businessman, Wright seemed to know how to please his clients and still produce some of the most innovative and ridiculed buildings of the early century. While the United States appeared to be caught up in the Victorian style, Frank Lloyd Wright stepped out in front to face the challenge of creating "American architecture" which would reflect the lives of the rapidly growing population of the Midwest United States. Howard Gardner in his book "Creating Minds" does not make any mention of Frank Lloyd Wright, an innovator who drastically influenced architecture of the twentieth century around the world.
Antoni Gaudí was born in Catalonia on the Mediterranean coast of Spain, June 25, 1852. At an early age, he showed interest in architecture, eventually studying in Barcelona. During the late 1870s, Barcelona was the most modern city in Spain and was the home to a large creative community. He spent a brief time in the military, but later returned to Barcelona to finish his studies, and graduated from the...
In January of 1826, Cole had become to be known for founding the National Academy of Design. During this time, many would comission him to paint pictures of American scenery, but his primary desire and goal, he says, was to create a “higher style of landscape that would express moral or religious tones.” In 1836, Cole married Maria Barstow and settled in Catskill, New York. Catskill would obviously become the inspiration for his piece, “Catskill Mountains and the Hudson River”. From these paintings he influenced many other artists. Among these artists were Frederick Edwin Church and Albert Bierstadt.
...rchitecture into the early neo-classical/ baroque style. Wren’s style was one of simple magnificence. His style was composed more of in agreeable proportions rather than glorious decoration. Wren was believed to have contributed design ideas for many buildings for which he did not do final designs. Wren’s design concepts were carried into the early years of the eighteenth century by fellow architects, Hawksmoor, and his partner Vanbrugh. However, Wren’s relative simplicity, and his “Protestant plainness” in comparison with European “Popish” richness, was dominated in their designs by superimpose of rich applied decoration and a more complex and extravagant style.
Architecture, the practice of building design and its resulting products, customary usage refers only to those designs and structures that are culturally significant. Today the architecture must satisfy its intended uses, must be technically sound, and must convey beautiful meaning. But the best buildings are often so well constructed that they outlast their original use. They then survive not only as beautiful objects, but as documents of history of cultures, achievements in architecture that testify to the nature of the society that produced them. These achievements are never wholly the work of individuals. Architecture is a social art, yet Frank Lloyd Wright single handily changed the history of architecture. How did Frank Lloyd Wright change architecture?
Frank Lloyd Wright has been called “one of the greatest American architect as well as an Art dealer that produced a numerous buildings, including houses, resorts, gardens, office buildings, churches, banks and museums. Wright was the first architect that pursues a philosophy of truly organic architecture that responds to the symphonies and harmonies in human habitats to their natural world. He was the apprentice of “father of Modernism” Louis Sullivan, and he was also one of the most influential architects on 20th century in America, Wright is idealist with the use of elemental theme and nature materials (stone, wood, and water), the use of sky and prairie, as well as the use of geometrical lines in his buildings planning. He also defined a building as ‘being appropriate to place’ if it is in harmony with its natural environment, with the landscape (Larkin and Brooks, 1993).
Towards the end of the nineteenth century, the Art Nouveau style became an international movement. For the first time in decorative arts history there was a simultaneous movement throughout Europe and America. Art Nouveau brought the finest designers and craftsmen together in order to design buildings, furniture, wallpaper, fabrics, ceramics, metalwork and glasswork. Art Nouveau was considered more than a style, it was a philosophy. From this philosophy carefully designed articles for the home were designed intended to fit into the scheme of the whole Art Nouveau style. Line was the most important aspect of the Art Nouveau period. Art Nouveau was a rebellion against machine made articles of the 19th century that were copies of past designs. Art Nouveau was also a reaction against the old Victorian tradition. Art Nouveau designers borrowed from the past but because of the emphasis on line and adaptation of natural forms to design. Art Nouveau is easily distinguishable from any other period in decorative arts.
In the past, there have been many famous artists, but few of them contributed their artistic skills to the design of the home. Michelangelo was a famous interior designer who created the most magnificent places for the richest of people. He made quantum use of his beautiful sculptures and paintings to create a rich ambiance. This is how interior design first began as a career. Years later, furniture, draperies, and wall coverings were included. Elsie de Wolfe was the first to practice interior design in the 1950s. Adam and Louis Comfort Tiffany, two American brothers, began a company to create beautiful furnishings and art, especially stained glass.