LEGUMINOSAE
ORIGIN AND MEANING OF THE FAMILY NAME
A large and very economically important flowering plant family is Leguminosae or sometimes known as Fabaceae. Although Leguminosae is an older name it is still considered valid but the new name is Fabaceae and this comes from the genus Faba and the term Faba is Latin and means bean. The group is the third largest plant family in the world with 630 genera and 18,860 species.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FAMILY
Leguminosae has a very broad range of plants that include trees, shrubs and plant perennials or annuals these plants are easily recognized by their stipulated leaves, fruit and their compound. The principal unifying feature of the family is the fruit, a pod, technically known as a Legume. The Legume is modified in many ways to facilitate dispersal by animals, wind and water. Leguminosae leaves are alternate and most often they are even or odd pinnately compound, sometimes they are trifoliate and they are rarely palmately. The flowers often have five fused sepals and five free petals, the flowers are generally hermaphrodite and have a short hypanthium, usually cup shaped. Ten stamens and one elongated superior ovary are normal. Most typically the ovary develops in to a simple dry fruit that opens along the seam on both sides.
GENERA WITHIN THE FAMILY
The Leguminosae family contains approximately 630 genera making it the third largest plant family in the world. The largest general within the Leguminosae family is the Astragalus with over 2,000 species. The genus is native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Herbs and small shrubs are the main components of the Astragalus genus. Acacia is the second largest genus within the Leguminosae family, the Acacia family main...
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Klitgård, B.B. & Lewis, G.P. (2010). Neotropical Leguminosae (Mimosoideae). In: Milliken, W., Klitgård, B. & Baracat, A. (2009 onwards), Neotropikey - Interactive key and information resources for flowering plants of the Neotropics.http://www.kew.org/science/tropamerica/neotropikey/families/Leguminosae_(Mimosoideae).htm.
Zarucchi, J.L. 1993. Fabaceae. In: L. Brako & J.L. Zarucchi (eds.). Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden, vol. 45: Fabaceae pp. 444-527.
Clement, B.A., Goff, C.M., Forbes, T.D.A. Toxic Amines and Alkaloids from Acacia rigidula, Phytochem. 1998, 49(5), 1377.
Wojciechowski, Martin F., Johanna Mahn, and Bruce Jones. 2006. Fabaceae. legumes. Version 14 June 2006. The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/
These results gave us a chi-square statistic of .06787 and with a degree of freedom of 1, this .06787 is below the critical value of .05 so therefore the results do follow typical patterns of inheritance. This means that our hypothesis for the monohybrid cross was correct, the F2 generation follows Mendelian inheritance patterns. In the dihybrid cross, the observed results were 487 or 55.7 % of the plants had anthocyanin dark green leaves, 166 or 19% of the plants had anthocyanin yellowish green leaves, 136 or 15.6% of the plants had no anthocyanin dark green leaves, and 85 or 9.7% of the plants had no anthocyanin yellowish green leaves. These results gave us a chi-square statistic of 21.703 and with the degrees of freedom at 3 this is still well below the critical value of .05 and therefore the dihybrid cross does not follow typical patterns of inheritance. This means that our hypothesis for the dihybrid cross was rejected, the F2 generation of Brassica rapa did not follow Mendelian inheritance patterns. The results show that the monohybrid cross did follow Mendelian inheritance patterns, while the dihybrid
Columbus wrote the first known documentation of an epiphytic species. Martinus de la Cruz, an Aztec Indian physician, illustrated the first epiphyte (an orchid) in the Badianus Manuscript in 1552. Trade around the world by the 1770's included many exotic and tropical plants with epiphytic species among them. Orchids, ferns and others were valued by decorators and collectors (Benzing 1990). Scientific interest did not keep pace with trade interest. The scientific study of epiphytes has not been extensive when compared to the study of plants with other specializations, ie. carnivory. Within recent years, due to increased interest in rainforest preservation, an increase in epiphytic study and resulting literature has occurred.
specimens with the corresponding scientific description, photographs, specific maps and there are drawings that document the research. This collected images of plants continue the artist’s fascination with documentation, community engagement and art as a way to address larger social issues. This exhibit was interning to me to see all the different plant and to know that plants in the city unknown to most there are often edible, medicinal or even poisonous plants.
diversified after the rise of flowering plants. More than 12,500 of an estimated total of
Holt, Ben F. and Gar W. Rothwell. 1997. Is Ginkgo biloba really an oviparous plant? American Journal of Botany 84(6): 870-873.
These studies have helped to further the understanding of how legumes respond in elevated carbon dioxide. Researchers have determined that growth at elevated carbon dioxide concentrations stimulates photosynthesis and the increase of carbon to the plant. However this increase requires a higher nutrient supply to account for the increase in photosynthetic output. Based on these findings, legumes have a competitive advantage over nonleguminous plants when grown at elevated level of carbon dioxide. In natural settings however, nutrient availability greatly affects the response of these legumes (2). Legumes are dependent on their symbiotic relationship to nitrogen fixing bacteria, and this relationship and its response to elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide will continue to be studied for years.
Dandelions, known to the botanist as Taraxacum officinale, are classified in the Composite (Compositae) family of flowering plants. The genus name, Taraxacum is derived from the Persian word for "bitter herb," (Myer, 1994). Accompanying the golden ruse of the dandelion are the daisies, aster, sunflowers, goldenrod, Joe Pye weed and many other wildflowers.
By Dorotea Gucciardo. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Print. Morley, Joyce Anne Deane.
As a result of these factors, the flora has adapted to these conditions in a variety of ways including their shape, leaf type, root system, and color. One of the most prominent adapt...
Prasad, V., Strömberg, C. A. E., Leache, A. D., Samant, B., Patnaik, R., Tang, L., ... & Sahni, A. (2011). Late Cretaceous origin of the rice tribe provides evidence for early diversification in Poaceae. Nature communications, 2, 480.
Schumann, Gail L., and Cleora J. D'Arcy. Hungry Planet: Stories of Plant Diseases. St. Paul: American Phytopathological Society, 2012. Print.
The Albizia Julibrissin also know as the Mimosa Tree or the Persian silk tree is originally grown in the southwest and eastern Asia. It grows through spring and summer and in at a fast rate. It can grow in between 10 to 15 ft tall. It also has the name of the ‘ night sleeper’ as its bipinnate leaves fold up at night and during rainstorms. Bipinnate leaves have leaflets that are further subdivided in a pinnate arrangement. The flowers are pale to deep pink and form silk-like clusters. This fast-growing plant has weak bark and branches, which will possibly fall on people who walk nearby this tree. Though it isn’t fatal, it is still a nuisance. The roots of this plant produce nitrogen. It also gives off an intoxicating
In the lab exercise regarding plant structure and function, we examined slides containing the different kinds of roots (monocot, dicot). We labeled the parts and pointed out the different roles of each in the plant structure. Also, we examined monocot stems and dicot stems in order to familiarize ourselves with its external and internal structures. We sketched and labeled the parts of the stem and looked closely at the positions of each part. In the last part of the lab, we classified leaves into different kinds according to their leaf venation, bases of leaves, and apices of leaves. As an additional exercise, we sketched 20 animals and classified them according to phylum and class. We were also able to discover the scientific and common names of the animals. Overall, the exercises we did enabled us to familiarize ourselves with plant structure thus, gaining a better understanding for plant life and its importance.
Cotton is an annual, biennial or perennial plant, but in cultivation it is generally treated as an annual; herbaceous to short shrub or small tree - two to six feet tall. It consist of a primary axis, erect and branched with a vegetative lower zone having monopodial branches, and a fruiting upper zone with sympodial branches. The leaves of the cotton plant alternate, cordate petiolate, three to nine lobed and palmately veined, with varying size, texture, shape and hairiness. The large, showy, cream yellow, red or purple flowers are extra axillary, terminal, solitary, and borne on sympodial branches. The calyx (= collectively the sepals) consists of a very short cup-shaped structure at the base of the corolla. The five petals of the corolla are either free or slightly united at the base of the convoluted bud (Sundararaj, 1974).
Fossil records are unable to provide information of on the center of origins of the cacao tree. The cacao tree is in the Sterculiaceae family. The first growers of the cacao pods were probably the people who entered the lowland rain forests of the Amazon Basin between 10,000 and 200 B.P. The full name of the cacao tree is Theobroma cacao. Most of the information of the cacao have been derived from the cultivated crop. The life and reproduction life cycle of Theobroma cacao is identical to a tropical rain forest tree species. Cacao grows optimally in minimal moisture and shade. Cacao is dispersed in small, medium and large areas. This is probably the result of animal dropping the seeds after eating the tasty inside of the pods. Cacao pods are very diverse in morphology. These morphological difference suggests genetic differentiation.