La Liberación Financiera

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El siguiente trabajo entre sus temas principalmente se enfocara en la liberación financiera. La liberación financiera a aceptar la salida de capitales y la entrada, la cuenta corriente, es en resumidas formas, la diferencia entre ahorro y inversión, cuando la inversión en un país es mayor a su ahorro, entonces hay entra de ahorro externo que está ayudando a financiar esa inversión, es decir está financiando tu déficit, que vos con tu ahorro no podes, entonces el resto del mundo te lo financia, cuando es al revés, y tu ahorro es mayor a tu inversión, tienes superávit en cuenta corriente, entonces estarás financiando al resto del mundo.

Represión Financiera

Se puede nombrar como represión financiera a una situación en donde un país o sector económico experimentan tasas de crecimiento bajas en comparación con otros países o sectores económicos. Esta situación predomina en países subdesarrollados. Estos países tienen sistemas legales poco adaptados para controlar los mercados financieros, principalmente son deficientes en resolver los problemas de selección adversa y el riesgo moral en los mercados de crédito mediante el uso de las herramientas del colateral y los convenios restrictivos. Por ende, cualquier restricción en un índice bancario como la tasa de interés puede ser denominado como una medida de represión financiera.

En momentos como los que estamos viviendo donde nuestro país, así como la gran mayoría de países de nuestro entorno están intentando reducir la deuda que han ido acumulando durante los últimos años, se podría pensar que algo como la represión financiera es positivo, puesto que ésta posibilita la reducción de la deuda en términos reales. Por otro lado, la inflación es otra de las causas de la rep...

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...e hay detrás de la importancia del sector financiero en el desarrollo económico se fundamenta en la posibilidad de agrupar el ahorro de la sociedad y distribuirlo a sectores más productivos. Para esto Levine (1997) destaca 5 funciones de las instituciones financieras que promueven el desarrollo económico: (1) facilitar el intercambio de bienes y servicios, (2) canalizar los recursos ahorrados hacia la inversión, (3) monitorear a los gerentes de las empresas y contribuir con los accionistas de las empresas en el ejercicio del control corporativo, (4) optimizar la asignación de los recursos hacia los proyectos más rentables y (5) facilitar el manejo del riesgo. Igualmente Caballero, Lizarazo y Urrutia (2006) consideran que el desarrollo financiero promueve el surgimiento de nuevas empresas y la consolidación de PYMES, lo cual puede acelerar el crecimiento económico.

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