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Knowing Macau with Butler's Life Cycle Model
The following literature is suggesting that how a tourist destination can be analyzed with the help of Butler's Tourism Life Cycle Model. Butler (1980) introduced the concept of the model which clarifies and extends earlier work by, for example, Cristaller (1963), Noronha (1976) and Stansfield (1978). In doing so, Butler clearly links the development cycle of tourism destinations to that of products in the product life cycle model. This is one the best used management framework to know the evolution in a tourism destination as described by Baum (1998), the original Butler's model included:
Recognition of dynamism within the tourism environment at the time of its inception, constant change was not as widely recognized in tourism as it is today;
A focus on a common process of development within tourism destinations, permitting description and modeling.
Recognition of capacity or limits to growth in destinations, again a relatively new concept in tourism at the time but one imported from growing thinking in this area in the recreation literature.
Identification of triggers in the environment which bring about changes to a destination.
Recognition of the management implications of the model and, in this sense, the practical links to the product life cycle are evident.
An argument for the need to view tourism planning in its long-term context.
A spatial component which argues that there would be a series of spatial shifts as development stagnated, and
Universal application, namely that the model was essentially true for all tourist destinations (Butler, 1980: 45).
Tourism, in many developed countries, has reached a point of maturity where resorts which flouris...
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..., C. (1995) Strategic planning for sustainable tourism: The case of offshore islands in the UK. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 3(4), 191209.
Cohen, E. (1972). Towards a sociology of international tourism. Social Research, 39(1), 164182.
Cristaller, W. (1963) Some considerations of tourism location in Europe: The peripheral regions underdeveloped countries recreation area. Regional Science Association Papers 12, 103.
Goncalves, V. F. C. & Aguas, P. M. R. (1997). The concept of life cycle: an application to the tourist product. Journal of Travel Research, 36(2), 1222.
McCartney, G. (2005). Casino Gambling in Macao: Through Legalisation to Liberalisation, Casino Industry in Asia Pacific: Development, Operation, and Impact. New York: Haworth Hospitality Press
Stansfield, C. (1978) Atlantic City and the resort cycle. Annals of Tourism Research 5, 238.
Sharpley, R., and Telfer, D. J., 2002. Tourism and Development Concepts and Issues. Bristol: Channel View Publications.
Three major aspects in the field of hospitality and resort management have been addressed in this report. They are:
A resort's management during busy and slow times and shift in seasons play a factor for success and customer satisfaction. Sixth, escape and imagination. Resu1ts offer a getaway experience for
For the introduction, brief information regarding my purchase and the travel and tourism industry is presented. It was then followed by the explanation of the 2 chosen theories from two different chapters.
... P., Heitmann, S.,Dieke, P. Research Themes for Tourism. Wolverhampton, UK: University of Wolverhampton. 146-159.
Pembroke, K. (1996). The Sustainable Tourist – A Benchmark Survey of Environmental Priorities, Awareness, Attitudes and Opinions, Interest and Preferences, and Behavior of British Airways Leisure Customers. London: British Airways Environmental Branch.
Stabler, M.J. Papatheodorou, A. Sinclair, M.T. (2010). The economics of tourism 2nd edition. New York: Routledge.
Gilbert, D. Cooper, C. Fletcher, J & Wanhill, S (1998): Tourism: Principles and Practice: Pearson Education Limited, England. 2nd Edition
Tourism produces and sells product bundles instead of products (products being “experiences”) which are very intangible, products that cannot be stored (simultaneity of production and consumption), therefore perishable. As far as the tourist is concerned, the product covers the complete experience from the time he leaves home till the time he reaches his chosen destination. (Barnett, M & Standing, C, 2001)
Renda, A., Mendes, J., & Vale, P. (2011). A structural model approach of residents' approach of tourism. 2-4. Retrieved February 26, 2014, from www.lifesciencesite.com/lsj/life0802/05_4594life0802_26_30.pdf
Nowadays in the rea of globalization, according to the World Tourism Organization, “seven hundred million people travelled abroad in 2003”, and the number is estimated to increase to 1.6 billion by 2020. (International Labour Organization, 2005). Tourism is spreading in unusual places. A lot of people want to be in the midst of adventure. It is a vital source of revenues for the GDP of many countries. I partially agree that tourism hugely benefits the local community. This essay will discuss some of the economic, social and environment effect of tourism on the host community.
The notion of motivation plays an instrumental role in decision making as well as desiring satisfaction from consumer perspective. The tourism industry is highly dynamic and influenced by varying forces based on the behaviours of the consumer as well as the aspect of motivation. The concept of tourism typology contributes to a large part in comprehending the aspect of tourist needs as well as motivation. From this perspective, avenues towards satisfying and motivating tourism from around the globe can be developed. Notably, the development of tourism industry in based on the two fundamental concepts, the consumer behaviour and the typology of the tourists. Considering Krippendorf’s (1989), argument on the notion of tourist motivation from the
There is not really a universally accepted definition of tourism. In 1994 the World Tourism Organization (WTO) revised its definition. It says the tourism comprises of 'the activities of persons travelli...
1.2 Problem Formulation In the problem formulation part of my report I would describe the overall situation of the U.K Tourism industry. The service concept of “Simply Travel” will give us information about the services provided by the company. I will find out about the customers, competitors of the company. I will find out what political, economical, social and technological factors affecting the company and its demand situation.
Veal,A.J. 2006. Research methods for Leisure and Tourism: A practical guide. Third edition. Pearson Publication, London.