Jack is a playful 7 year old boy who is active on his baseball team and enjoys riding his bike after school. He looks and acts just like all the other kids, but Jack is living with Juvenile idiopathic arthritis or JIA. Diagnosed within just the last year, he has found that this disease can be controlled and his active lifestyle is not affected.
At 26 years old, Jill finally talked to her doctor about her worsening joint pain and inflammation in her hands and wrists. Having noticed symptoms for the last few years, she was shocked to learn her symptoms were the result of an autoimmune disorder known as Rheumatoid Arthritis, or RA. With no other medical history, she also has taken the steps to ensure a healthy lifestyle.
Jack and Jill are not alone. It is estimated that one of every thousand children will develop JIA (Abramson, 2013), and more than 1.3 million American are living with RA (Ruderman & Tambar, 2012). There are significant advancements in these diseases in the promotion of health and wellness across the lifespan and in the roles and responsibilities of medical staff as well as patients living happy and healthy lives with arthritis. This paper will compare and contrast the different aspects of these diseases in relation to age, diagnostic processes, risk factors, and treatment with the support of scientific evidence.
The difference in age
Like many children his age, Jack’s day begins in a classroom setting with crayons, markers, and scissors. For a school aged child, making projects to take home can be all part of the day, but one rough day due to stiffness and pain, can make the use of scissors just about impossible. Last year he often refused to use his scissors and appeared to be defiant with completing his ...
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...discovered today.
Works Cited
Abramson, L. (2013). Arthritis in children. American College of Rheumatology. Retrieved from http://www.rheumatology.org/practice/clinical/patients/diseases_and_conditions/juvenilearthritis.asp
Arthritis Foundation. (2013). National arthritis action plan. Retrieved from http://www.arthritis.org/about-us/naap/
Hahn, Y. & Kim, J. (2010, November 30). Pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Korean Journal of Pediatrics. 53(11). doi: 10.3345/kjp.2010.53.11.921
National Arthritis Action Plan. (1999). Arthritis Foundation. Retrieved from http://www.arthritis.org/files/images/Delia/NAAP_full_plan.pdf
Ruderman, E., & Tambar, S. (2012). Rheumatoid arthritis. American College of Rheumatology. Retrieved from http://www.rheumatology.org/practice/clinical/patients/diseases_and_conditions/ra.asp
Ding T, Ledingham J, Luqmani R, Westlake S, Hyrich K, Lunt M, Kiely P, Bukhari M, Abernethy R, Bosworth A, Others. BSR and BHPR rheumatoid arthritis guidelines on safety of anti-TNF therapies.Rheumatology. 2010; 49 (11): 2217--2219.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory and an autoimmune disease that occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s tissue (Rheumatoid arthritis, 2017). This disease affects the entire body, which is called a systemic (means entire body) disease. Arthritis is derived from the word part arthr-, which means “joint,” and -itis, which means “inflammation,” so altogether it means “inflammation of the joints.” It creates inflammation that causes the tissue that lines the inside of joints (synovium) to thicken. About 1.5 million people in the U.S. are affected. It affects all races, but it affects three times as many women than men (What is Rheumatoid Arthritis, n.d.). Overtime, rheumatoid arthritis causes painful swelling that can potentially result in bone erosion or joint deformity, which leads up to physical disabilities. RA can affect more than just your joints, but can spread to body systems, skin, eyes, lungs, heart, blood vessels, e.t.c (Rheumatoid arthritis, 2017).
Zelman, D. (2014) Joint Stiffness and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Available at: http://www.webmd.com/rheumatoid-arthritis/guide/joint-stiffness-and-rheumatoid-arthritis (Accessed: 12th May 2014).
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, affecting more than 27 million Americans (LeMone, Burke, Bauldoff, 2011). It is caused when the cartilage in the joints breaks down, causing the bones of the joint to rub against one another. This causes pain, stiffness, and loss of motion in the joint. Osteoarthritis is most prevalent in those 65 and older, but can affect those of any age. In addition, African Americans and Hispanics report a higher incidence of arthritis than Caucasians (LeMone, Burke, Bauldoff, 2011). Although the cause is unknown, it is believed that the increasing age of the population, prevalence of obesity and injuries add to the progression of the condition. Osteoarthritis can affect any joint in the body; however, those of the hand, hip, and knee are often the most common. This condition may be asymptomatic, or may present symptoms including soreness, stiffness and pain. The symptoms are more common in the older population, those with limited activity levels, and those who are obese. Joint cartilage thins over time, causing an increased risk for symptoms in the elderly, and obesity puts extra pressure on the joints during activity. Osteoarthritis is commonly diagnosed with the use of a physical assessment along with results of radiology testing such as X-Ray and MRI.
OA is a musculoskeletal disease that causes chronic joint pain and reduced physical functioning (Laba, brien, Fransen, & jan, 2013). Osteoarthritis (OA) is a non-inflammatory disorder of synovial joints that results in loss of hyaline cartilage and remodeling of surrounding bone. OA is the single most common joint disease, with an estimated prevalence of 60% in men and 70% in women later in life after the age of 65 years, affecting an estimated 40 million people in the United States (Goodman & Fuller, 2009). Women are more commonly affected after the age of 55, almost everyone has some symptoms by the age of 70 (Tan, Zahara, Colburn & Hawkins, 2013, p.78). Osteoarthritis can be described radiological, clinical, or subjective. It commonly affects hands, hips, knees, shoulders, and the spine (Walker, 2011, p. 14). Osteoarthritis is an intrinsic defect in the joint cartilage. Caused by slowly progressive deterioration of articular cartilage that is accompanied by degenerative bony changes, including thickening of the subchondral bone cyst, and formation of large bony protrusions (osteophytes) at the joint margins. Osteoarthritis usually occurs in the large weight bearing joints such as the knees and hips, as well as some of the smaller joints in the hands and feet (Ciccone, 2007,p. 229). ). It is predicted by 2020 to become the fourth leading cause of disability globally (Laba et al., 2013, p.2). According to Juby and Davis (2011), these changing demographics with the aging of the “baby boomer” generation will likely result in an increase in the prevalence of both degenerative and inflammatory arthritis, and timely access to appropriate care and maximization of therapeutic interventions will be vital to maintain indepe...
Specifically, we reflected about how we should handle the cleaning of his legs. As stated above, our response to this situation was to work together while cleaning Brandon’s legs in order to provide effective hygiene care to appendages that are difficult for him to keep clean. Consequently, this reaction contributed to the scenario, as I was still able to complete a proper cleansing and assessment of the Brandon’s legs, prevent myself from obtaining an injury as a result of heavy lifting, as well as remind myself that challenges of some form will always accompany patient
Arthritis affects people of all age groups. More than 100 types of arthritis are known. Among these osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis having the highest incidence. One of the major causes of chronic debilitation in industrialized nations is Osteoarthritis which results from damage to the joints, which may be due to trauma, infection, or age-related wear. Rheumatoid arthritis is encountered less frequently than osteoarthritis and is estimated to affect around one per cent of the world’s population. Amongst patients of Rheumatoid arthritis, women are three times more likely to be affected by this condition than men. This condition is caused by an inflammatory process where the body starts attacking itself. Rheumatoid arthritis also affects several joints, with inflammation sometimes seen in and around the lungs, the heart, the eyes and the skin. The most commonly reported complaint by arthritis patients is pain. The pain might be from the joint itself and be a result of inflammation, damage from the disease, or through daily wear and tear. Muscle pain is also common and is caused by having to force movements against stiff and painful joints. Although range of movement in the affected joint may be limited and uncomfortable, physical exercise has been shown to benefit those with arthritis. Physical therapy has been shown to significantly improve function, decrease pain in the long term and delay the need for surgery in advanced cases. The majority of arthritis cases occur among theelderly, however the disease can occur in children as well. Over 70% of the population that get affected by arthritis in North America are over the age of 65 (4). The disease occurs more commonly in females than males in all races, age groups, and ethn...
It is still unknown what the cause of Rheumatoid Arthritis is but there are some theories that have not been proven. The oldest theory states that viruses and bacteria are the cause of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Now with all the research being done, scientists believe that Rheumatoid Arthritis is hereditary. Specific genes have been found to make people more likely to get Rheumatoid Arthritis. Some scientists also think that some environmental factors and infections might cause the immune system to attack. Contributing factors are smoking and being exposed to silica metal. So although the exact causes are unknown, the result is that the immune system is ready to make the joins and tissues inflamed by activating immune cells.
Bibliography: Arthritis Foundation, Understanding Arthritis (1986); Kelley, William N., et al., eds., Textbook of Rheumatology, 2d ed., (1985); McCarty, Daniel F., ed., Arthritis and Allied Conditions, 11th ed. (1988); Moll, J. M. H., Rheumatology in Clinical Practice (1987).
When it comes to educating children and parents about their child’s surgery or illness, it is important to remember the child’s age. A child and parent do not understand the same terms. For example, when referring to a stretcher a child may think it will stretch them out, a child life specialist may refer to a stretcher as a bed on wheels for children who may not understand this term. There are many child life specialists who go through every detail in an office with
The surgeon decided to remove the lump and have it biopsied. The lump turned out to be a benign tumor. At a follow -up visit with the orthopedic surgeon, the doctor asked me to make a closed fist with my hands. At that moment, my parents and I discovered I wasn't able to bend or move my fingers and we were told it could be arthritis. I was referred to Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN for testing. In August 1995, after 4 days of being poked and prodded at, I was diagnosed with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis with overlapping SLE (lupus). The doctors there put me on Plaquenil and referred me to Dr. Kiem a pediatric rheumatologist in Green Bay, WI. After my diagnosis at Mayo Clinic, my disease progression started to go down-hill very quickly. My dad would have to carry me on his back up and down the stairs and my mom would have to help me to the toilet in the middle of the night in the morning. My feet and ankles were too painful to put any weight on and I ached and had chills all over my
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that attacks the joints and connective tissue. Autoimmune diseases are illnesses that occur when the bodys tissue is mistakenly attacked by its own immune system. The immunes system is primarly organized to look for infections and destroy them, patients with rheumatoid arthritis have antibodies in their blood which target their own tissue which leads to inflammation. RA is basically a chronic syndrome that is characterized by inflammation of the peripheral joints, but it may also involve the lungs, the heart, the blood vessels and eyes.
“Always remember to be an internist, my dear.” This was an invaluable piece of feedback I received on a rheumatology rotation in my first year of internal medicine residency. Truly, I have never learned so much about medicine as I did during this first rotation in rheumatology. I became fascinated by the subtle presentations and cases that posed a diagnostic challenge to multiple subspecialties. I have been inspired by rheumatology as a field where multisystem disease is encountered on a daily basis and rheumatologists must use both general medicine and subspecialty skillsets to diagnose and treat patients. The academic challenges in rheumatology initially attracted me to the field however my subsequent experiences with patients, mentors, and research have made me passionate about pursuing rheumatology as my specialty.
...grandmother, and many others have experienced. It seems reasonable that as he perfects his new arthritis supplement, it may cure even those who may have had it for years. He currently sells it through a company called Skin Secrets. It has helped numerous people so far. The technology we have makes me glad I am alive now, when there are cures for diseases that people died from not many years ago. With all of the new medicines, many of the diseases that plague our nation now may be cured within a few decades.
On the other hand in an article published by the NIH (National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Dis...