Die-forming of sheet metal has been around for thousands of years. Originally the metal was manipulated by hand and hammered into the depression, by utilizing crude grooves carved into wood or stone. This technique was used to make spouts, handles, and other forms. Since then, however; they have undergone a remarkable technological evolution. Mate-female conforming dies to create hollow forms by using hydraulic pressure or drop hammer pressure, changed die-forming forever (Paisin, 2013).
This new form was called hydraulic die-forming. Hydraulic stems from the Greek word hydro meaning water and aulos meaning tube (McCreight, 2004). In today’s society, hydraulic pressing and stamping of dies are used for everything from making small pots and pans to the more extravagant automobile body models. Another use that has recently developed is the more artistic use of, producing form in silver and gold. In order to achieve this smaller, cheaper scale of die-forming experiment were conducted by Richard Thomas and Ruth Girard, which eventually led to the development of the pourable epoxy steel...
Thompson, A., Peteraf, M., Gamble, J., Strickland III, A. J., & Jain, A. K. (2008). Crafting &
-Developed and implemented strip casting overseas to eliminate a step in the steel making process
Relatively new injection molding (first machine was built in 1930s) is often used in mass-production and prototyping.
The Roman Gladius is an example of this, the iron for the Gladius came from mines in Rome. Then the iron is put through a process called smelting, smelting is used to remove the rock and other impurities in the iron ore. After that is done the iron is put into a mold for the sword. The mold is usually made from a mixture of hard clay. Another way to make a sword is to have it in five different pieces, like some “Gladii (plural for Gladius) were made from five pieces with higher carbon content in the center with the outer pieces having a lower carbon content” (Rayment). The one with five pieces are about 10 centimeters longer than the swords made with only one piece of metal. This is because it is harder to keep the steel in the one long piece of metal strong enough to land blows and not bend if it is longer than if it was a bit shorter and lighter. The Gladius with five different parts is easier to keep stronger, but it is very bent at the edges because of the low carbon content of the outside
The idea of printing and the mass production of images had been around for several hundred years at the time of the invention of lithography in the late 18th century. Lithography provided an easier method to printing that no longer involved carving out metal plates. Lithography utilized the chemical properties of oil and water to create a template that could be easily created and reused. The technique involves creating a base plate from a type of stone such as limestone. The desired image is then drawn onto the stone with a “crayon-like” object that leaves an oily substance on the surface. The surface of the stone is then etched and wetted with water. An oil-based ink is then applied over the entire surface, the ink will only adhere to the areas that are coated with the greasy substance and
Forging is a faster process than casting therefore; the continuous product of the forging will be more reliable. On the other hand, the forging machinery will sometimes require metal-forming dies therefore; the machine will have to reach the correct temperature to properly shape the pieces. The only difference is that the two methods have different processes which manufactures the product such as the forging process basically involves shaping the raw material using compressive force whereas; casting is a way that the raw material has to be liquefied an poured into a mold and the shape is made correctly. There are many limitations to using a casting machine to a forging for example, the casting’s advantages is that any type of metal could be used to cast which is good however, the company will only be using one for its method to manufacture a wrench significantly, any size of casting could be produced which suggest heavy products could be used up to 200 tons. Furthermore, casting is the best machinery to use to composite components
In metal stamping, the metal sheets are set in a kick the bucket or a press apparatus that has an exceptionally planned depression that gives the favored shape to the metal sheet. The upper part of the pass on interfaces with the press slide while the lower segment associates with the press bed. A particular segment known as the punch pushes the metal sheet through the bite the dust, in this way performing the real molding operation. In the wake of squeezing, the metal is plated with gold, palladium, nickel or tin to avoid
Luri et.al this work deals with the design of a set of dies employed to manufacture a connecting rod by forging a billet of nanostructured aluminum alloy. Nanostructured parts exhibit excellent mechanical properties compared to the nonnanostructured alloys. In this paper, two set of dies are designed to perform a two stroke forging process and to obtain the desired nanostructured part. The first step to manufacture nanostructured parts is to employ a Severe Plastic Deformation Process (SPD) to produce the nanostructured material. So, the SPD material is forged, generally by isothermal forging to produce the part. The flow behavior of a 5083 Aluminum Alloy (5083-AA) after the SPD process has been determined by experimental tests. Finite Element (FE) and Finite Volume (FV) simulations have been run by using nanostructured 5083-AA flow rule, in order to design the dies
This is often done by melting the work pieces and adding a stuffing material to form a pond of molten material (known as the weld pool) that cools to become a strong joint and sometimes pressure is used in unification with heat to produce the weld.
Next process is finishing in this process centrifugal force push the dense metal to the mold walls, if any impurities or bubbles flow on the inner surface of the casting walls, as a result of this next processes like machining, grinding or sand blasting are required to clean and smooth the inner diameter of of the walls.
A gemstone is defined as “a stone that can be used in jewelry when it is cut and polished” (Merriam-Webster). Jewelers and gemologists (gem specialists) are two possible career choices for someone who wishes to work in the jewelry industry (CFNC). Jewelers cut, shape, repair, and sell jewelry and determine the value of gemstones (CFNC). Gemologists can be a little more specialized. According to the Gemological Institute of America’s website, these specialized fields can include appraisal, design, buying, wholesale, and working as a bench jeweler, lab and research professional, auction specialist, or manufacturer (GIA).
Forging, one of many manufacturing process, is where metal is pressed, pounded or squeezed under great pressure into high strength parts known as forgings. The process begins with starting stock which is heated to its plastic deformation temperature, then upset between dies to the desired shape and size. It is important to note that the forging process is entirely different from the casting (or foundry) process, as metal used to make forged parts is never melted and poured (as in the casting process). During this hot forging process, coarse grain structure is broken up and replaced by finer grains. Mechanical properties are therefore improved through reduction of cast structure, voids and segregation. Forging also provides means for aligning
Extrusion is a compressive and deformation process. The process entails squeezing a block of material such as Aluminium, forcing it through a die. The die has a job of reducing it’s diameter and increasing it’s length. This method results in a constant cross-sectional cut and a desired shape. The process of extrusion is mainly used in situations where the material can’t be hammered or bended due to their specific properties such as being too soft or too brittle. The common materials that can be extruded include metals such as Aluminium, Copper, Lead and steel, plastics, ceramics and concrete. The method of extrusion can be either semi-continuous or continuous.
L-D Tool & Die (LDTD) is a small and successful manufacturer in Ontario who specializes in designing and making customized molds as per client’s necessities. It was found by Laurie Dickson in late 1980s. Since its origin, the company has continuously serving its customers by providing quality products and services. LDTD has developed a loyal customer throughout the years in business. Every member of staff takes great pride in his or her work, resulting in superior craftsmanship, quality and delivery. At L-D Tool & Die, they work closely with customers to bring their projects from “Concept to Reality”. The main services of LDTD are transforming synthetic resins and plastic material into a wide range of finished products, parts
In the late 1990s a biotechnology company called Nexia began research into creating a material they called “Bio-Steel”. Bio-steel was made to be ...