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japanese culture abstract
Japanese Culture: Its Development and Characteristics
japanese society and culture
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“On March 11, 2011 at 11:46 pm CST Japan was hit with an earthquake of 9.0 magnitude, followed by a tsunami shortly afterward. This earthquake and subsequent tsunami is known today as the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami. The epicenter was located 80 miles east of Sendai, the capital of Miyagi Prefecture, and 231 miles northeast of Tokyo.” This is how most stories of the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami are started. This intro is short, professional, to the point, and really speaks to how those who responded during operation Tomodachi carried out their mission. Operation Tomodachi (Japanese for friend) not only aided in the improvement of United States and Japan relations, but also serves as an outstanding example of how to respond both quickly and efficiently in such important times.
Japan is no stranger to earthquakes nor are they unfamiliar with tsunamis; however, the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami was different. Registering at a staggering magnitude of 9.0, the Tohoku earthquake was the largest in Japan's history. The “death toll is estimated at 14,027 people, with 13,754 people missing. Furthermore, the disaster displaced over 136,000 people, destroyed over 4,500 buildings, and damaged 71 bridges, over 3,500 roads, and 26 railways.” (Tomodachi Analysis) Despite the earthquake's magnitude, it was the resultant tsunami that caused the majority of the deaths from this disaster.
“In Miyako, the capital of the Iwate Prefecture, the tsunami attained a maximum wave height of 125 ft, inundating various coastal areas. The same tsunami caused a dam failure in Fukushima, destroying approximately 1,800 homes and causing a majority of the casualties in that particular prefecture. In addition, the tsunami also caused the largest nucl...
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... understanding of how to respond to such disasters more quickly and efficiently.
Works Cited
Kaczur, Alexander, Jayson Aurelio, and Edelio Joloya. An Analysis of United States Naval Participation in Operation Tomodachi: Humanitarian and Disaster Relief in the Tsunami-Stricken Japanese Mainland. Monterey: 2012. Print.
Dawson, Chester. "U.S. Navy Commander Discusses ‘Operation Tomodachi’." Japan Realtime. The Wall Street Journal, 20 Mar 2011. Web. 19 Oct. 2013. .
Zielonka, Ryan. "Chronology of Operation Tomodachi." The National Bureau of Asian Research. N.p.. Web. 19 Oct 2013.
United States. US Department of State. Enduring Value of the U.S.-Japan Alliance. 2011. Web. .
The tsunami in Thailand that occurred on December 26, 2004, was by far the largest tsunami catastrophe in human history. It was triggered by a magnitude 9.1-9.3 earthquake along the Indian-Australian subduction zone off the northern coast of Sumatra. The tsunami waves traveled primarily in the east to west direction and caused major damage along the coasts of southern Thailand. Unpredictably, it was a violent earthquake beneath the sea that initiated the massive waves and struck more than a dozen countries in Southern Asia. It also destroyed thousands of miles of coastline and even submerged entire islands permanently. Throughout the region, the tsunami killed more than 150,000 people, and a million more were hurt, homeless, and without food or drinkable water, making it perhaps the most destructive tsunami in the modern history. In spite of peninsular Thailand's location facing the northern part of this subduction zone, the lack of any written historical records, together with the lack of any major local seismic activity, the tsunami caused thousands of fatalities and huge economic losses in the popular tourist regions in Thailand. Immediately after the disaster, numerous organizations and individual citizens have helped out and contributed to this devastating tsunami. Indeed, the tsunami in Thailand was a worldwide event, with significant wave action felt around the world. In this context, I am focusing more on the key features of the tsunami’s natural causes, the psychological effects on citizens, the perspective of socio-economic impacts and the consequences of the tsunami calamity.
TOHOKU, Japan, Friday, Mar. 11 -Yesterday, a 9.0 magnitude Earthquake struck the east of Tohoku, Japan. The epicentre of the earthquake was located approximately 72 km east of Tohoku (38.3 degrees North latitude and 142.4 degrees East longitude), or 130 km east of Sendai as shown by the X in figure 3 below. The focus of the earthquake was 24.4 km under the epicentre. The earthquake therefore caused a tsunami due to the displacing of water above the Pacific Plate. The earthquake and tsunami together have caused approximately 20,000 deaths, 6152 injuries and 2500 people missing. Approximately 90% of these deaths were by drowning. Approximately 140,000 people have been displaced and over 500,000 buildings and structures have been destroyed or damaged. The early warning system of Japan stopped many bullet trains, and many residents received texted warnings of the earthquake and tsunami on their mobile phones giving them time to evacuate. Figures 1 and 2 show exactly how destructive the tsunami caused by the Tohoku Earthquake was.
Out of all the natural disasters that we talk about in class, the most deadly would have to be a Tsunami. Compared to earthquakes, Tsunamis have cause more deaths since 1945. A Tsunami is likely to strike anywhere on the west coast, including Santa Cruz in California – United States – North America – 36:58:24N 122:02:09W. A Tsunami is a giant “wave” of water that is caused by a sudden shift in the sea floor. The wave is a result of the water attempting to regain its equilibrium, which is driven by gravity. The size of the wave is determined by how much the sea floor is moved vertically, and how quickly it shifts. A greater water depth helps as well. They can travel up to five hundred miles an hour and have wave heights of one hundred feet. Earthquakes are the leading cause of Tsunamis. People who live in California are well aware of earthquakes that are frequently caused by the San Andreas Fault. However, not many are aware of the results of earthquakes that occur out in the Pacific Ocean. Tsunamis have also been referred to in the past as seismic sea waves, but Earthquakes aren’t the only cause of this phenomenon. Landslides, nuclear explosions, volcanic eruptions, and extra terrestrial impacts also have great water displacement results.
I. (Gain Attention and Interest): March 11, 2011. 2:45 pm. Operations at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant continued as usual. At 2:46 pm a massive 9.0 earthquake strikes the island of Japan. All nuclear reactors on the island shut down automatically as a response to the earthquake. At Fukushima, emergency procedures are automatically enabled to shut down reactors and cool spent nuclear fuel before it melts-down in a catastrophic explosion. The situation seems under control, emergency diesel generators located in the basement of the plant activate and workers breathe a sigh of relief that the reactors are stabilizing. Then 41 minutes later at 3:27 pm the unthinkable occurs. As workers monitored the situation from within the plant, citizens from the adjacent town ran from the coastline as a 49 foot tsunami approached. The tsunami came swiftly and flooded the coastline situated Fukushima plant. Emergency generators were destroyed and cooling systems failed. Within hours, a chain of events led to an explosion of reactor 1 of the plant. One by one in the subsequent days reactors 2, and 3 suffered similar fates as explosions destroyed containment cases and the structures surrounding the reactors (Fukushima Accident). Intense amount...
The Great Kanto Earthquake also known as the Tokyo-Yokohama Earthquake of 1923 hit the metropolitan area of Kanto on September 1st, 1923 around 11:58 pm. It was a 7.9 on the Richter magnitude scale, killing over one-hundred and forty thousand people due to its high magnitude and the time it happened. The earthquake struck around lunch time, when many Japanese people were at home cooking at their charcoal or gas fueled stoves. At the moment the earthquake hit, it knocked down buildings that caught flames from the stoves that fell over, enflaming the city. The fire was swept up and able to spread due to the gusts of wind that occurred for two days afterwards, resulting in firestorms. Charles Blauvelt experienced the ordeal of the fire describing the flames as “[covering] the whole city [as they] burned all day and night.” In addition to the firestorms and the earthquake itself, there was a shock because of all the fallen debris which triggered tsunamis to fill and flood Japanese cities. These tsunamis, that were about thirty feet tall, destroyed central Tokyo and immensely added to the death toll.
The Great Kanto Earthquake of Japan in 1923 was a complete shock to the nation. The destruction brought to Japan because of it affected 60% of Tokyo’s population. It is known to be the most destructive earthquake in Japanese history. Over 140,000 lives were affected in all. It wasn’t the earthquake itself that caused so much destruction, but the disasters that occurred after. As a result of the earthquake, multiple fires, a tornado, a typhoon, and a tsunami broke out and destroyed Tokyo, Yokohama, and all of its surrounding areas.
The impact of a tsunami is usually limited to coastal areas but the destruction could be immense. Buildings and anything in the path of the waves is in danger of being destroyed and washed away, such is the force of the wave. The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, which struck off the west coast of Indonesia with a magnitude of 9.1-9.3, left 250,000 people killed or missing in 14 different countries including Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India and Thailand.
The earthquake and tsunami caused damage to lives and properties that affected the area. The earthquake happened on March 11, 2011 at 2:46 p.m. local time. People in cities along a 1,300 mile coastline were affected by tremors that reached as far as Tokyo. As of April 2015 the
An earthquake occurs abruptly and causes severs damage to people, property, landscape and more. A great mega-thrust earthquake, known as the Great Tohoku Earthquake has shaken Japan at 5:46:24 UTC on March 11, 2011. It caused a severe disaster, including tsunami and nuclear radiation exposure.. This mega-quake located at the latitude 38.297 degree North and longitude of 142.372 degree East, near the east coast of Honshu, Japan (USGS, 2013). An earthquake and tsunami waves caused widespread damage to many areas of Japan. People in Japan are still recovering from the damages.
Large waves crash against the shore while people run for high ground. But many, just stare in wonder. What actually was going on was a tsunami. A earthquake had just struck in the middle of the Indian Ocean. Soon the waves got larger and larger before they wiped out the whole village. Tsunamis are large waves reaching over 300 ft. that wipe out it ire villages, city's, homes, and stores. Many tsunamis leave the area flooded , destroyed, and filled with sea animals such as whales, dolphins, sharks, and other things. Then, the tsunamipulls back pulling all of the debris it destroyed back into the ocean polluting the whole sea environment. Tsunamis don't just cause short term effects, they cause long term also the Japan tsunami broke a nuclear power plant releasing thousands of gallons of contamination into the Pacific Ocean killing sea life and contaminating nature. (Walker, 29) Many may know about tsunamis but not all know how they are made, and some only assume one way but there are multiple.
The 15 metre tsunami inundated about 560 sq km and resulted in a human death toll of about 19,000 and much damage to coastal ports and towns, with over a million buildings destroyed or partly collapsed. !2 out of 13 back up generators were disabled whenever the tsunami reached the nuclear plant. There were no fatalities due to radiation at the spot but only deaths caused by the natural disasters. The company TEPCO (Tokyo Electric Power Company) would have sent in a hardened emergency response but it would have been in vain since radiation was already being spilled out and the condition around the area was not the best to repair the damages and contain the radiation from contaminating the water supplies and entering the tide of the tsunami and back to the ocean. Now, the area where the nuclear plant was located was suppose to be the best area to protect the plant from any disaster and preventing damage but 18 years before 2011 scientific knowledge figured out that a major disaster would be able to reach the plant, yet TEPCO discussed it a bit with the Japanese
Once the earthquake hit, 15 hours after, it created tsunamis, which swept over coastal areas of Hawaii. It destroyed buildings and facilities along the shoreline. The effects of the tsunami caused by this earthquake caused millions of dollars of damage to Hilo Bay on the main island in Hawaii (Fujii, & Satake, 2013). The force of the earthquake was large enough to force this tidal wave all the way across Hawaii and into the Japanese islands. The main island that was hit with the tsunami was the Japanese island of Honshu, the effect of the wave hit this island almost 22 hours after the original earthquake off of the shores of Chile. On the alternate side of the wave, off of Long Beach, California, boats and ships were greatly damaged however no deaths were recorded in this area. Although it is not confirmed, two days later a volcano by the name of Cordon-Caulle erupted in Los Lagos after 40 years of inactivity (Fujii, & Satake, 2013).. The effects of the earthquake are believed to be what has caused the eruption creating an even larger death
Imagine more than half of the population of Kenosha being over-taken by a deluge of water without warning or the ability to escape. On December 26, 2004, an earthquake measuring 9.0 on the Richter scale, occurred in the Indian Ocean off of the Samaritan coast, triggering the deadliest tsunami in recorded history. Before the tsunami, this region of the world was one of the most sought after vacation spots. After the record-breaking destruction, the pristine beach front and inviting residents were forever changed. The regional damage was so massive that it demanded a response on a global scale for rescue, recovery, stability, and to rebuild this treasured place.
Lets start off with the consequences of an earthquake. The consequences depend on a combination of factors like the magnitude, depth, distance from a populated area, the nature of local earth materials, and also the way structures like houses, buildings, roads, railroads, utility lines, and pipelines are built. (Natural Hazards, Second Edition) Earthquake losses, like those of other disasters, tend to cause more financial losses in industrialized countries and more injuries and deaths in undeveloped countries. Earthquakes can also cause secondary disasters like tsunamis, a natural disaster where a series of waves of very great length and period, are usually caused by large earthquakes under or near oceans that are close to the edges of tectonic plates. The waves created by a tsunami can travel long distances and increase their height as they hit shallow water. Tsunamis are able to create great damage and destruction far away from their source. (American Public Health Association, 2005)
The death toll climbs to over 10,000 and is still rising (Branigan 2). The disaster in Japan began without warning on Friday March 11, 2011 at 2:46pm with a 9.0 magnitude earthquake, the strongest ever recorded in the country (Fackler 3). A massive thirty-three foot high tsunami, generated by the earthquake, swept over lands in northern Japan, taking objects and debris with it. To make matters worse, the tsunami caused the cooling systems at several nuclear power plants to fail. The disaster in Japan was a tragic event, and it had a plethora of causes and effects.