Chapter One
Background of the Study
1. Introduction to the topic
The Higher Education of Cambodia was first established in 1948 with the name the National Institute of Law, Politics and Economics (Dyna, 2009). Many other higher education institutions were then established and operated after independence in 1953. From 1953 to 1970, there were nine universities in Phnom Penh as well as in provinces (Ratana, 2013). In 1970 a coup took place and the previous regime namely the Kingdom of Cambodia headed by Prince Norodom Sihaknouk was overthrown replaced by an American pro-regime called Khmer Republic. In this regime, Cambodia was facing with both social and political issues. The Republican government had to fight with the Khmer Rouge and the Viet Cong. As a result many universities were destroyed and forced to close; however, some universities were still in operation and few other universities were established (Rany, 2012).
In 1975 Khmer Rouge took over Cambodia ending the previous Khmer Republic. A new era of what is called the year of destruction began. The previous schools ranging from kindergartens to universities were all closed. Professionals from any groups including teachers were targeted of suspicion and execution. The previous system of education was formally destroyed by Khmer Rouge (IIEP, 2011).
After the Khmer Rouge Regime collapsed in 1979, everything was started over from almost nothing. Schools were rebuilt and reopened. Over three decades of redevelopment, existing universities have continued, and many other universities have been established. According to a summary report by the Ministry of Education Youth and Sport, by the year 2014, there are 105 higher education institutions in Cambodia comprising of ...
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...erceptions toward private sector higher education in Cambodia. Master Thesis. Ohio University. U.S.
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Dual enrollment has grown in the past ten years from going to 1.2 million to over 2 million (Giani 202). Dual enrollment is in all 50 states, but some high schools in each state do not have the opportunity to take dual enrollment. The reason they don’t implement it, is because they don’t have the resources
Throughout the nation’s 2000-year history, Cambodia, a developing Southeast Asian country located on the Indochina Peninsula, has experienced a number of glories and tragedies; as a matter of fact, it was until 1993 that the democratic election, supported by the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC), were conducted to restore peace in Cambodia under a coalition government (CIA World Factbook, 2013). In order to transform from the negative peace which is just the absent of direct violence to the positive peace meaning the absent of cultural and structural violence, Cambodia, the younger member of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), has been trying as hard as possible to address the problem of inequality with the obvious hope that if inequality is not natural, according to Hobbes, but rather constructed, there are probably chances to level down its impacts or even demolish its existence.
The physical place of Cambodia described in detail the hardships that the Cambodians faced. The temperatures go up to 100 degrees by only midday, and let alone the scorching sun can cause excessive dehydration and delusions, but there is also an extremely long rainy s...
The Cambodian Genocide has the historical context of the Vietnam War and the country’s own civil war. During the Vietnam War, leading up to the conflicts that would contribute to the genocide, Cambodia was used as a U.S. battleground for the Vietnam War. Cambodia would become a battle ground for American troops fighting in Vietnam for four years; the war would kill up to 750,00 Cambodians through U.S. efforts to destroy suspected North Vietnamese supply lines. This devastation would take its toll on the Cambodian peoples’ morale and would later help to contribute that conflicts that caused the Cambodian genocide. In the 1970’s the Khmer rouge guerilla movement would form. The leader of the Khmer rouge, Pol Pot was educated in France and believed in Maoist Communism. These communist ideas would become important foundations for the ideas of the genocide, and which groups would be persecuted. The genocide it’s self, would be based on Pol Pot’s ideas to bring Cambodia back to an agrarian society, starting at the year zero. His main goal was to achieve this, romanticized idea of old Cambodia, based on the ancient Cambodian ruins, with all citizens having agrarian farming lives, and being equal to each other. Due to him wanting society to be equal, and agrarian based, the victims would be those that were educated, intellectuals, professionals, and minority ethnic g...
Pracz, Alyssa. “General Education Courses are a Waste of Time and Money.” Northern Star. Northern Star Online, 13 April 2011. Web. 24 March 2014.
Tagg, John. “Why Learn? What We May Really Be Teaching Students.” About Campus. 2004. Print.
The Communist Party of Kampuchea, also known as the Khmer Rouge, took control of Cambodia on April 17, 1975, which lasted until January 1979. For their three-year, eight-month, and twenty-one day rule of Cambodia, the Khmer Rouge committed some of the most heinous crimes in current history. The main leader who orchestrated these crimes was a man named Pol Pot. In 1962, Pol Pot had become the coordinator of the Cambodian Communist Party. The Prince of Cambodia, Norodom Sihanouk, did not approve of the Party and forced Pol Pot to flee to exile in the jungle. There, Pol formed a fortified resistance movement, which became known as the Khmer Rouge, and pursued a guerrilla war against Sihanouk’s government. As Pol Pot began to accumulate power, he ruthlessly imposed an extremist system to restructure Cambodia. Populations of Cambodia's inner-city districts were vacated from their homes and forced to walk into rural areas to work. All intellectuals and educated people were eradicated and together with all un-communist aspects of traditional Cambodian society. The remaining citizens were made to work as laborers in various concentration camps made up of collective farms. On these farms, people would harvest the crops to feed their camps. For every man, woman, and child it was mandatory to labor in the fields for twelve to fifteen hours each day. An estimated two million people, or twenty-one percent of Cambodia's population, lost their lives and many of these victims were brutally executed. Countless more of them died of malnourishment, fatigue, and disease. Ethnic groups such as the Vietnamese, Chinese, and Cham Muslims were attacked, along with twenty other smaller groups. Fifty percent of the estimated 425,000 Chinese living in Cambod...
Cambodia has come a long way from its days under French rule and the disastrous rule of the Khmer Rouge. With 14.9 million people living a relativity peaceful and prosperous life, Cambodia still has a long ways to go to join the ranks of world powers. Education has flourished in Cambodia with most its population attending school and have gone on to even higher education. The main goal is to make sure all of its population is literate so they can be active in life. The government is taking an active role to provide the best for its people whether through reform whether through education or elections. It makes sure to never repeat it’s dark past and always have a bright future.
The government should provide more scholarships for the impoverished because the majority of the country’s destitute students are unable to matriculate through the public system and are unable to afford tuition for any universities. Thailand’s constitution guarantees 12 free years of education, with a minimum mandatory attendance of nine years. (UNICEF, 2008). With this guarantee, those in poverty are able to become somewhat literate, no matter their financial stance. Due to this, it is vital for the government to provide with scholarships to help them further their studies. About 94.2% of stu...
...at previously, sometimes in the midst of a discussion, people forget that there are two sides of a story and not everyone has to agree to yours. What we learn from our books or our studies is not what is necessarily important. What we learn from our peers and our professors is what’s important. Learning is more than absorbing fact, it is acquiring understanding, and it is being passionate about the material you are given. Each piece that we have read in class, and each comment that we make impacts a person no matter how little it seems. The education systems focuses too much about effective methods of teaching and not enough about effective methods of learning. However, this course felt like we were learning something instead trying to finish the curriculum. As Albert Einstein once said, “education is not the learning of facts, but the training of the mind to think”.
Fischman, Wendy, Jennifer A Dibara and Howard Gardner. "Creating good education against the odds."Cambridge Journal of Education, 36. 3 (2006): 383--398. Print.
Senge, P., Cambron-McCabe, N., Lucas, T., Smith, B., Dutton, J. & Kleiner, A. (2012). Schools that Learn (pp. 32-69). Boston: Nicholas Brealey Publishing.