CONTENT Introduction Study Area Literature Review Material & Methods • Methods • Materials Limitations Results Discussions Introduction: The problem of water and land resources management is originate from simple to complex, complex to on large scale even a watershed management problem is evolved. To tackle such types of problems we basically used the numerical models in which models deals to measures the runoff in a large watershed with different conditions such as the type of soils, land uses and the watershed management conditions. To make the watershed management effective some basics materials are required such as: • GIS Technology • Wide range of information and knowledge • Data required to run the models • Expert decision maker mind about the watershed scale This research is able to predict the present conditions of the watershed management, has the history of the past watershed management. And most admirable thing about this it can also use to predict the future condition of the watershed. ...
The study site included four lakes in the Yahara chain: Mendota, Monona, Waubesa and Kegonsa. The Lake Mendota is the largest and deepest of all 4 lakes, it has an influent derivative from agricultural and urban sources. The influent for Lake Monona is urban and it is the second largest and deepest lake. For Lake Waubesa, that is the smallest and less deep lake, the influent is from urban and agricultural. And for the last lake, Lake Kegonsa, has an agricultural influent and it is really shallow. For the modeling the scheme was in the same order, first Lake Mendota, then in the chain Lake Monona, in third place Lake Waubesa and at the final of the chain Lake Kegonsa.
Have you ever wondered why little rain can cause drastic floods? Why rainwater doesn't just stay in one place, it goes with the force of gravity? If you have, you’ve thought about a cycle called runoff. Runoff can be negative and positive. It can cause floods, or water your crops.
Aim: To determine what effect agricultural runoff has on surrounding environment, and to find what solutions can be made to reverse any damage.
The Brazos River emerges at the convergence of Double Mountain Fork and Salt Fork near the east boundary of Stonewall County. It runs 840 miles through Texas to its mouth on the Gulf of Mexico (The Official Website of the State of Texas, n.d). It is the longest river in Texas, and it has the greatest discharge. There are several watersheds along its course as shown on the map above. I am going to deal with the Bosque River Watershed.
Kato, Tasuku, Hisao Kuroda, and Hideo Nakasone. "Runoff Characteristics of Nutrients from an Agricultural Watershed with Intensive Livestock Production." Journal of Hydrology 368.1-4 (2009): 79-87. Web.
Because watersheds are specified by natural hydrology they represent the most logical basis for managing water resources. The resource becomes the center point and managers are able to gain a more complete understanding of overall conditions in an area
The human race needs three things to survive; air to breathe, food to eat, and water to drink. A large majority of the public thinks these resources are infinite and plentiful. What they fail to realize is that they are not infinite, air can become polluted, food can carry pesticides, and water can transmit diseases very easily. In order to keep these necessities safe, many companies are taking the initiative by trying to cut down on pollution and stop using harmful pesticides. Water, however is not getting enough attention, especially in urban areas. Framework exists for these urban areas to be able to have successful water management, but some countries cannot afford these ideas or simply do not want
Majority of Indian’s livelihoods are dependent upon land and water based occupational functions such as agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry and fisheries. India’s total land is about 329 million hectares, out of which 175 million hectares of land is non-productive hence non-profitable and therefore it requires special treatment for the same reason. In India, water availability situation is murky because of spatial and temporal variability. Both these factors are forecaste...
The usage/control of waterways has many political and economic effects on societies today and in the past. One way that the usage/ control of waterways has an effect politically and economically is by the control/ usage of waterway helped civilizations sprout. Another way is by the control/usage of waterways creates easier trade routes. The next way is by the control/ usage of waterways helps agriculture do well. These are some of the ways that the control/ usage of waterways had effects politically and economically on societies today and in the past.
Non-governmental organizations (NGO’s) have played a significant role in establishing grassroots methods of environmental protection while incorporating citizen involvement. The most prevalent types of NGO’s in the United States are ones that rally public opinion and advocate legislative and/or social change. Among these are the various Public Interest Groups (PIRG’s), the Sierra Club, the Environmental Defense Fund, and Greenpeace. Public education and involvement are seminal components to the success of these organizations. Hence, the application of NGO’s to other issues might prove successful in advocating and implementing change while bettering the community that they inhabit. Such is the case with the relatively newly established watershed management associations in New Jersey. These organizations employ grassroots tactics to increase community education and establish stronger environmental protection. Thus I assert that inter-municipal (and inter-state as we will see later) watershed management, through the use of non-governmental organization, has the ability to have a profound impact on how natural resources are managed and subsequently on how an area is developed. This is extremely valuable to a state like New Jersey, where uncoordinated development has led to a sprawling landscape causing fragmentation of natural features and severe depletion of water quality. Furthermore, in the large bureaucratic system of development that dominates New Jersey, this NGO method of watershed management is a qualitative and creative way to promote democracy, public education, and public participation.
Waste water treatment plants are essential to communities of all sizes and must work efficiently. Waste water treatment plant primary priority and responsibility is the treatment of incoming sewage water by the removal of biological and chemical wastes so it can be treated and recycled for future use. There are many government agencies and standards set forth to govern and observe the successful treatment of sewage such as: the Department of Environmental Quality, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System and the Clean Water Act of 1972. Compliance and constant monitoring of the treatment plant’s operations are important; as they protect the surrounding community. A spill or backflow of sewage due to a complete system malfunction could potentially be detrimental to the environment and local community. A precise system, of which must be compliant according to government standards, is critical to maintain low levels of wastes that are returned to neighboring water systems after treatment.
GIS is an emerging method of data storage and interpretation. GIS is, simply put a database. It is many tables of data organized by one common denominator, location. The data in a GIS system is organized spatially, or by its physical location on the base map. The information that is stored in the database is the location and attributes that exist in that base map, such as streets, highways, water lines, sewers, manholes, properties, and buildings, etc. each of these items don’t just exist in the database, the attributes associated with the item is also stored. A good example of this would be a specific sewer line, from and arbitrary point A to a point B. Ideally, the sewer line would be represented graphically, with a line connecting the two points or something of the like. When one retrieves the information for that line in particular, the attribute data would be shown. This data would include the size of pipe, the pipe material, the upper invert elevation, the downstream invert elevation, the date installed, and any problem history associated with that line. This is the very gist of what a GIS system is.
“Anyone who can solve the problems of water will be worthy of two Nobel Prizes - one for Peace and one for Science”, stated by John F. Kennedy. Since the beginning of civilization, mankind has faced tribulations allied with river and its flow. With increase in utilization of water resources; flow in river channels are gaining significant importance among the research scholars. More and more complicated problems are encountered due to multipurpose use of alluvial rivers.
Asmelash has applied a top- down water balance approach. He has utilized Limburger and Fairley’s formula to solve NRW. He has got a final finding as the total loss equal to 39.1% of the system input volume which was greater than the average non-revenue water percentage of developing country.
The urbanization process in Tabor sub city Hawassa will bring about adverse effects in urban storm drainage infrastructure management. The current administrative structure of the city of Hawassa is that it is divided into eight sub-cities. The study will focus on the evaluation of urban storm drainage management and detailed discussion on the urban drainage management, operation and maintenance in the specified area of study.