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sexual violence in prisons
essays on prison rape
essays on prison rape
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It is dreadful enough to get raped, but having to see your perpetrator every day and possibly raping you again is a constant fear that many inmates have to encounter. According to the Bureau of Justice (BJS), in 2008 correctional administrators reported 7,444 allegations of sexual abuse in prisons. About 46 % of the sexual abuse involved staff with inmates. But these statistics do not include the many cases that go unreported due to victim’s fear of being punished by their perpetrators and/ or to embarrassment and humiliation that comes with rape. Although prison rape is prevalent, many individuals find it normal and even find it a laughing matter. Prison rape is abnormal and has huge consequences if not dealt with. Some of the consequences of prison rape are that it creates hierarchy between the weaker and the stronger, prisoners may leave prison worse-off and make more damage than they did before they went to jail, and women are at risk of pregnancy.
Even though statistics are misleading due to the unreported rapes, a professor from the University of South Dakota, Cindy Struckman Johnson, found that 20 % of inmates in men’s prisons were victims of some sort of sexual harassment and at least 7 % are raped. That is 12,000 rapes per year “which exceeds the annual number of reported rapes in Los Angeles, Chicago, and New York combined” (Daniel Brook). The lack of reported rape cases is due to guard’s “deliberate indifference” (Brook) and the humiliation that comes with rape. “For males, it’s the ultimate humiliation and that silences most of us” said Tom Cahill, who was raped in a San Antonio jail. Rape cases in prison are brought to corrections officials to handle instead of local district attorneys. Therefore, when inmates pres...
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...assault in prisons.
Works Cited
Daniel Brook, "The Problem of Prison Rape," Legal Affairs, March/April 2004. Reproduced by permission. www.legalaffairs.org.
Jeff Seidel, "Sexual Assaults on Female Inmates Went Unheeded," Detroit Free Press, January 4, 2009. Copyright © 2009 Detroit Free Press Inc. Reproduced by permission of the Detroit Free Press.
Nicole Summer, "Powerless in Prison: Sexual Abuse Against Incarcerated Women," RH Reality Check, December 11, 2007. Reproduced by permission. This article was originally published at RH Reality Check, www.rhrealitycheck.org, an online daily publication covering global reproductive and sexual health and rights.
Flanagan, Maureen A., and Maryann Gialanella Valiulis. "Gender and the city: the awful being of invisibility." Frontiers - A Journal of Women's Studies 32.1 (2011): xiii+. Academic OneFile. Web. 2 Dec. 2011.
Sexual Abuse has gained an outrageous amount of attention as it quickly inclines to the top concerns of the prison system. Officials have been severely struggling as surveys display the number of sexual assaults with no regard of the person’s age, gender, or race. Officers and other staffs have been engaging in sexual activities with inmates undermining the rules and regulation of the system, and ignoring the oath taken prior to becoming an officer. Inmates have been raped, had affairs, become pregnant and deeply involved with the staff of the prison. As a result of the struggles, officials generated the PREA Act, a policy that was put in place to help prosecute and punish officers who engaged in such behavior.
Erin G., 2010, A Woman Doing Life: Notes from a Prison for Women: The Southwest Journal of Criminal Justice. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. Pp. vi, 202, Vol. 8(2)175.
Women in Prison. Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Justice Statistics Varnam, Steve. Our prisons are a crime (reforming the prison system). Editorial. Christianity Today 21 June 1993
Sexual assault and sexual misconduct are other issues that must be addressed and dealt with in law enforcement. Sexual assault of an inmate by an officer should never happen under any circumstance. However, when it does officers should be dealt with immediately. There is never a situation where sexual contact with an inmate should be allowed or over looked. Sexual contact with an inmate should be grounds for immediate termination, as well as charges filed against the officer. In 2008 a court of appeals in Michigan found in favor of ten female inmates who were sexually abused by guards at Michigan's Scott Correctional Facility (Heenan, 2009). These women were awarded $15.4 million. In another case of sexual harassment and rape in another Michigan prison, eight women were awarded $8.5 million for the abuse they sustained while incarcerated (Heenan, 2009).
In what is sure to be a very solemn matter for all American students and their families across the country , in January 2013 , President Obama, the office of the Vice President and the White House Council on Women and Girls converged and issued a renewed call to action against rape and sexual assault report which analyzes the most recent reliable data about this issue and identifies who are the most in peril victims of this malefaction, investigates the costs of this violence both for victims and communities , and describes the replication very often inadequate of the US malefactor equity system.
Cross-gender staffing can bring up previous victimization the female offenders endured (Zinger, 2006). Many female inmates have a troubled past with males, and correctional officers’ may make prison a difficult (Zinger, 2006). There are also instances of sexual assault in regards to cross-staffing (Parkes & Pate, 2006). Many female offenders are assaulted by their superiors, however, they fail to report is since they are afraid (Parkes & Pate, 2006). This becomes a major challenge to female offenders since it can cause further victimization, making it difficult for them to rehabilitate. In turn, this complicates the offender’s ability
Scratan, P and Moore, L. (2006) Degardation, Harm and Survival in Women’s Prison. Social Policy and Society, 5, pp 67-78.
One in three teen delinquents are sexually assaulted by staff members during their time in juvie. Even in the place that is supposed to oppose crime takes part in it. Juvenile Detention Centers are supposed to help minors get on the right track for the rest of their life ahead of them. In 2003 The Prison Rape Elimination Act [PREA] was passed to help prevent and protect against prison rape. Though that was passed it still goes on and the superiors of the inmates are still getting away with it.
The correctional system as a whole has a significant impact on the United States. Incarceration, sexual victimization, and segregation all have a relationship of sorts. Simply stated, it is the butterfly effect. The overpopulation throughout correctional facilities across the United States leaves more opportunity for inmates to encounter sexual victimized. Additionally, the number of people placed in segregation is higher because of the large population of inmates in prison. When one decision, action, or lack thereof, is implemented, there will either be positive or negative consequences. Statistics encompassing sexual victimization,
Rape is a hidden epidemic that affects many lives world wide. It is a problem that is so terrifying and uncomfortable that people do not talk about it. John Krakauer, author of Missoula, focuses on this issue of rape in the college town of Missoula, Montana. His focus is specifically on the case of Allison Huguet and Beau Donaldson. As the progression of Allison 's case continues we learn of more and more rape cases that happened to women on this same campus. A majority of women do not report these cases, we later learn as Krakauer continues through Allison 's case, because reporting and pursuing the case would be giving their life away. [4] Of course Allison decides to go through the trails of Beau Donaldson, however it is obvious that it is extremely difficult to convict someone with little evidence. As hard of a read as Missoula
The correctional subculture is not described as extensively as the police subculture; however, many elements of misconduct and criminal activities are similar (Pollock, 2014). The parallelism of corruption between the police and correctional officer are as follows: (1) use of force; (2) acceptance of gratuities from inmates; (3) mistreatment/sexual coercion of inmates; and (4) abuse of authority for personal gains (Pollock, 2014). According to Pardue et al. (2011), there are two types of sexual coercion found within the prison subculture and they are as follows: (1) coercion between convicts; and (2) coercion between convicts and staff members (p. 289). The Department of Corrections is aware of staff sexual abuse and harassment of women prisoners, and they have been playing “catch up” to accommodate the challenges of this persisting problem (Clear et al., 2013, p.
Have you ever been encountered in a circumstance of being raped or knew an individual that was a victim of rape? Every one-hundred and seven seconds an American is sexually assaulted (RAINN). Rape has become a continuous problem causing controversy due to the way colleges cover up or simply hide incidents of rape throughout campus. More college students are also being raped by their own acquaintances rather than random strangers. Students, parents, and politicians question the way schools protect students and how their campuses can become more effective and efficient in preventing further occurrences of rape. Over the past years there has been a series of incidents where rape has been an extreme problem on college campuses in America that have been kept quiet until something traumatic happens. The prevalence of rapes on college campuses is continuing to rise due to lack of security, surveillance and awareness.
However, there are cases when women actually feel they are safer in prison than when they are out in the world. The removal from the outside world gives them the chance to focus on themselves. Bradley and Davino’s study conducted in 2002 collects the general feel that 65 incarcerated women have towards a southern state prison. These women reported feeling safer when compared to their adulthood and childhood before prison. Outside of prison, women are susceptible to emotional and physical pain because of problems such as domestic violence or drugs. This prison also gave women the education needed when they are eventually released. Some women had not even heard of the dangers of disease like HIV before.
Harris, Dan . "Prison Rape Widely Ignored By Authorities." . abc News, 16 Apr. 2002. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. .
Inertwined with rape myths, are subsequent rape scripts. As Ryan (2011) and Clay-Warner and McMahon-Howard (2009) showed, depending what script is prevalent or dominant, reporting rates and overall acknowledgement can be greatly affected. Our understanding of what constitutes a rape or sexual assault needs to significantly change otherwise countless victims will remained silenced. If the understanding of these crimes was broadened, and the acquaintance scenarios taken more seriously, more victims would come forward, report, and get the help they may desperately need, in addition to aiding the legal system in punishing the offender and improve society’s population.