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What is networking? chapter 4
What is networking? chapter 4
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Hardware, software and the data that resides in and among computer systems must be protected against security threats that exploit vulnerabilities. Organizations must therefore impose appropriate controls to monitor for, deter and prevent security breaches. Three areas have been considered, in a typical sense, as the basic critical security requirements for data protection: confidentiality is used to assure privacy; principles of integrity assure systems are changed in accordance with authorized practices; and, availability is applied to maintain proper system functions to sustain service delivery (Dhillon, 2007, p. 19).
These security requirements are represented in Figure 1, Classic Critical Security Requirements. This figure depicts the cross-domain solutions of informal controls, also known as human relationships, and formal and technical controls, which provide for organizational and physical information security controls, respectively. Two additional security requirements have recently been added that are of particular importance to networked environments because attacks now extend far beyond traditional firewall perimeters. These are authentication, which is used to assure a message actually comes from the source it claims to have originated; and, nonrepudiation, which can be applied to prevent an entity from denying performance of a particular action related to handling data, thereby assuring validity of content and origin. Figure 2, Core Data Security Set, depicts the interrelationship of the five core requirements of information security.
The remainder of this paper will focus on nonrepudiation, which may also be explained as a security protocol that allows an individual or organization to prove, for instance, t...
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...thenticated. The back end receives the transaction request, validates the signature information, and once successfully validated, the transaction may continue.
In closing, it must be understood there are certain variables that must be considered when applying a Challenge Response OTP Token and Digital Signature as nonrepudiation methods. These include costs, technical support, speed, latency time and others. A comparison of these important variables is provided in Figure 9.
Works Cited
Dhillon, G. (2007). Principles of Information Security Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
DHS. (2008). US CERT. Retrieved September 14, 2011, from United States Certification: http://www.us-cert.gov/control_systems/pdf/SCADA_Procurement_DHS_Final_to_Issue_08-19-08.pdf
Professional Development Center. (2010). Retrieved September 7 from http://pdc-riphah.edu.pk/site/?page_id=69
With the increasing use of emerging technologies and the associated information security threat threshold, Ohio University has adopted the NIST 800-53 security control framework to support their regulatory compliance efforts. NIST 800-53 is being implemented to provide a comprehensive set of security controls. This control framework is responsible for instituting minimum requirements that meet approved standards and guidelines for information security systems. It provides a baseline for managing issues relating to mobile and cloud computing, insider threats, trustworthiness and resilience of their information systems. NIST defines the standards and guidelines to be adhered to meet the cyber security control that align to FISMA expectations.
In July 2015, many of the world’s high ranking cryptographers published that the loss and destruction induced by adopting a key escrow system 20 years ago would be even more serious, that would be very hard to identify security weaknesses that could be misused by
The person takes reasonably prompt action to terminate the exchange of a token that does not conform to the requirements of this subsection
Security helps the organization meet its business objectives or mission by protecting its physical and financial resources, reputation, legal position, employees, and other tangible and intangible assets through the selection and application of appropriate safeguards. Businesses should establish roles and responsibilities of all personnel and staff members. However, a Chief Information Officer should be appointed to direct an organization’s day to day management of information assets. Supporting roles are performed by the service providers and include systems operations, whose personnel design and operate the computer systems. Each team member must be held accountable in ensuring all of the rules and policies are being followed, as well as, understanding their roles, responsibilities and functions. Organizations information processing systems are vulnerable to many threats that can inflict various types of damage that can result in significant losses (Harris, 2014). Losses can come from actions from trusted employees that defraud the system, outside hackers, or from careless data entry. The major threat to information protection is error and omissions that data entry personnel, users, system operators and programmers make. To better protect business information resources, organizations should conduct a risk analysis to see what
Information security is made up of three main attributes: Availability is the prevention of loss of access to resources and data. Integrity is the prevention of unauthorized modification of data, and Confidentiality is the prevention
Blythe, S. (2005). Digital signature law of the United Nations, European Union, United Kingdom and United aStates: Promotion of growth in e-commerce with enhanced security. Richmond Journal of Law & technology, 11(2), 1-20.
Computer security and data affirmation lays on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The interpretations of these three angles fluctuate, as do the settings in which they emerge. The understanding of an angle in a given situation is managed by the requirements of the people, traditions, and laws of the specific company.
ISO/IEC 9798, Information Technology - Security Tech- niques - Entity Authentication. Part 1, General. Part 2, Mechanisms Using Encipherment Algorithms. Part 3, Mechanisms Using a Public-Key Algorithm, Int’l Orga- nization for Standarization, Geneva, 1997.
Data Security is critical in the computerized world we live in today. Cyber Security is a big part of data security in the United States and all parts of the world that rely on networked computers in a business and personal environment. The business and personal environment is more difficult to separate with all computers touching the Internet. Businesses have more responsibility to keep their data safe than someone working personally on the Internet.
Nicholls and Stewart Ltd Handbook, requires appropriate administrative, physical and technical controls be incorporated into all new applications and modified applications. Security Application Systems must have security in place that encompasses not only the software, but the routine activities that enables the computer system to function correctly. These include fixing software or hardware problems, loading and maintaining software, updates to hardware and software and maintaining a historical record of application changes.
For the purpose of sending secret messages there was introduced encryption. As encryption get developed few technique were standardized. They are;
The creation of Digital Ids has become lately a big need since a variety of electronic transaction including e-mail, electronic commerce, groupware and electronic funds transfer have made a part of everyone's life especially those that accessing the net makes the basis of their daily work where nothing can introduce them or identify them but a digital certificate that is authenticated for the server.
As the usage of technology and the Internet increases, businesses depend on the security of the IT infrastructures and the data within them. However, a threat to a business’s infrastructure can challenge the systems security. There are four different types of security threats such as, unauthorized data disclosure, incorrect data modification, Denial of service and Loss of infrastructure.
Cryptography is the essential part of the information systems, helping to provide accountability, accuracy, confidentiality, and fairness. Cryptography is designed to prevent fraudulent activity with the electronic commerce, insuring the validity of all financial transactions. Also, proving that is can help to protect the identity/anonymity while keeping the vandals from making changes to the Web page and prevent all industrial competitors from getting into the confidential documents the company has. “As the Net and the Web move into more central positions in the life of the world, the functions that cryptography provides (including secrecy, integrity, and digital signatures) become more important, and cryptographic functions can be found in more places, doing more things.” (Morar, Chess, & Watson)
The first thing that we must consider about Information Security is that there is not a final destination at which we can arrive. IT Security is an ongoing set of processes and activities that requires attention and expertise on a daily basis. It is important to understand that systems are not secured by themselves and it is our responsibility to maintain and improve them periodically as required. It is of vital importance to establish the appropriate mechanisms and requirements in order to support the company’s CIA triad. The following report will provide you guidance about auditing and hardening techniques applied though the 7 Domains by utilizing IT Security Best Practices.