INTRODUCTION
Feline coronavirus (FCoV) is known to be prevalent and common infection in cat populations, with particularly high prevalence in catteries and multiple-cat households [1, 2, 3]. The genome is characterized as an RNA virus under the family Coronaviridae, order Nidovirales [3, 4]. It was first recognized in 1950s as a specific disease of cats [5] and its first occurrence in Malaysia in 1981 [6]. Two pathotypes of coronaviruses are described in cats; feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) and feline enteric coronavirus (FECV). These FCoVs are spread world-wide and infect cats and other members of the family Felidae. FECV is the common form of FCoV, which causes from asymptomatic infection to severe enteritis and can be transmitted in nature between cat populations [3, 7]. Unlike FECV, the FIP is an immune-mediated progressive polyserositis and pyogranulomatosis. It is the most important cause of death of infectious origin in cats worldwide, affecting both domestic and wild felids [5, 7].
Circulating antibodies against FCoV are found in 90-100% of the cats living in catteries or multiple-cat households and up to 50% of solitary cats house; however, only 1–5% of the seropositive cats eventually come down with FIP [8, 9, 10].
Both FECV and FIPV are further subdivided into two different serotypes, I and II, based upon their, antigenic relationship to canine coronavirus (CCV), neutralization reactivity with S-protein-specific mAbs, sequence analysis of the S protein gene and growth ability in vitro. While serotype I grows poorly in cell cultures, serotype II can grow well in many different cell line [11, 12, 13]. The FECV is more tropic for mature apical epithelium of the bowel whereas FIPV infects blood monocytes a...
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...each. Pelleted samples were initially infiltrated with a 50:50 mixture of resin and acetone and subsequently embedded in resin and polymerized in an oven at 60°C overnight (Memmert, Germany). Ultrathin sections on a copper grid were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate [26]. The preparations were examined under TEM.
Works Cited
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26. Reynolds E S (1963) The use of lead citrate at high pH as an electron-opaque stain in electron microscopy. J Cell Biol. 4, 208-212.
27. Weiss RC and Scott FW (1981) Pathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis: Nature and development of viremia. Am J Vet Res .42, 382-390.
28. Ward J M (1970) Morphogenesis of a virus in cats with experimental feline infectious peritonitis. Virology. 41, 191-194
14) Davis, Charles, and Mary Nettleman, eds. "Typhus (Endemic, Murine, Epidemic)." medicinenet.com. N.p.. Web. 12 Mar 2014. .
This extremely pathogenic zoonotic virus is now understood to travel from bat species, to equine intermediate hosts, to humans.[8, 10] The Hendra virus is listed as a Bio-Safety Level (BSL)-4, and can only be studied at a few adequately equipped laboratories worldwide due to its virulence.[1, 2] Case fatality rates
Del Puerto, H. L., Martins, A., Vasconcelos, A. C., Milsted, A., Souza-Fagundes, E. M., Braz, G. F., et al. (n.d.). Canine distemper virus induces apoptosis in cervical tumor derived cell lines. http://www.virologyj.com/content/8/1/334. Retrieved January 29, 2014, from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=c0b3ec67-82b8-411a-a30b-
Tilley, Lawrence P., and Francis Jr. W. K. Smith. The 5 Minute Veterinary Consult: Canine and Feline. Third ed. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004. 372-73. Print.
Most animals are susceptible to the development of cancer at some stage of their life. Among all types of cancer, squamous cell carcinoma is one of the skin cancer that commonly affects domestic animals. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is a type of cancer caused by neoplasms arising from the squamous epithelium of an animal regardless of species. However, this essay will only focus on this condition among felines since my chosen species is a white cat called Rosie. There are several forms of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma among felines, which are known as solar keratosis and multicentric squamous cell carcinoma in situ, sometimes known as Bowen’s-like disease, but in this case, Rosie is diagnosed with
however, inoculations of mice with the patient's serum resulted in the isolation of a virus
The materials used in the previous were cleaned and dried. 10ml of CV was obtained along with 10ml of sodium hydroxide. These solutions were separately diluted to 50ml. A stopwatch was set up to record in 30second increments and the Spectrophotometer prepped for the cuvette. The following steps were done within 30seconds. The two solutions (CV and sodium hydroxide) were mixed in a large beaker. A pipette was used to deliver the solution into a test tube serving as the cuvette. The absorbance was recorded every 30second until 15minutes had passed and entered into a spreadsheet. All used materials were cleaned for the next trial.
3. This freshly isolated microorganism, when inoculated into a healthy laboratory animal, should cause the same disease seen in the original animal.
Viruses have emerged as causes of foodborne disease, according to data compiled by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Viruses cause a wide range of diseases in plants, animals and humans. These infections do not occur at random: each group of viruses has its own typical host range and cell preference. Viruses were probably always a cause of food borne disease; however with recent developments in detection we are now able to confirm the presence of viruses. Previously, those outbreaks may have been recorded as having an unknown causative agent.
== § Test tubes X 11 § 0.10 molar dm -3 Copper (II) Sulphate solution § distilled water § egg albumen from 3 eggs. § Syringe X 12 § colorimeter § tripod § 100ml beaker § Bunsen burner § test tube holder § safety glasses § gloves § test tube pen § test tube method = == = =
Having completed an inspiring five-year course in veterinary sciences,1993-1999 from college of veterinary and animal sciences ,and completing DVM, I would like to continue my pursuit of knowledge and do a dissertation in Virology. This would give me build the strong knowledge base that I desire and a strong expertise in field that I wish to specialize. The past few decades have witnessed rapid advance in the area of virology and molecular biology. The objective of virology is to make life meaningful and to alleviate human and animal ailments caused by these dreadful pathogens . I am keen to be an integral part of this effort. For this, along with an in-depth knowledge of the subject, experience in cutting edge research and hands on experience in real time applications would be of prime importance . In today’s world, microbial sciences has attained such high status due its impact in the day to day life of humanity as a whole..
Between Cats and Dogs). Lastly cats, with their calming purrs and soft furs can reduce the risk
Many people don’t spay or neuter their pets, especially cats. There are a lot of benefits and yet according to The Humane Society of the United States, six to eight million cats enter the shelters each year and while three to four million are adopted out, another three to four million are killed. “An unsprayed female cats, her mate and all of their offspring producing just 2 litters per year (the average is 3-4), with just 2.8 surviving kittens per litter can total to 66,088 cats in just 6 years” (Goldstein & O’Keefe 4).
There are three genera in the Flaviviridae family (formerly known as group B arboviruses) namely Flavivirus, Pestivirus and Hepacivirus. The dengue virus is a member of the genus Flavivirus which consists of 55 identified virus species (ICTVdB, 2006). The word Flavi is a derivation from the Latin “flavus” which means “yellow” and the type species of the genus is a yellow fever virus (YFV). The flaviviruses are thus named due to the jaundice observed in yellow fever patients. Many flaviviruses are important human pathogens, most notably the dengue viruses, yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), West Nile virus (WNV) and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). The flaviviruses are predominantly transmitted by mosquitoes and ticks, whereas some have no known vector. Dengue was one of the groups classified when early researchers divided the flaviviruses serologically into eight antigenic complexes using cross-neutralization tests. However, many viruses, for example the prototype of the genus YFV, could not be affiliated with any complexes (Calisher et al., 1989). When sequence data became available, phylogenetic inference from molecular data showed agreement with the antigenic complex classification. In addition, it revealed the ...
This technique offers better resolution , or a higher level of detail at the end of which combines electrophoretogram isoelectric focusing and SDS gel electrophoresis . According to the scheme below :