Background Indonesia is one of the countries in Southeast Asia, which has the largest land and population in the region. As the third-largest democracy country and the home of the world’s largest Muslim population, they have encountered countless of turbulent negative issues includes: government corruptions, alleviating poverty, obviating terrorism, consolidating democracy after decades of authoritarianism, human rights violations and so forth. Based on Transparency International, they ranked Indonesia 111st out of 180 countries in year 2009 accompanied by Mali and Togo, which have 2.8 Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) (International Transparency, 2009). Demographic Indonesia is the 4th largest in population size with 240 million people, behind China, India and U.S. Furthermore, the population growth rate in 2010 is 1.136%, which ranked 117th in the world (CIA, Word Factbook). Despite of the potent family planning program that has been implemented since 1960s, the population is expected to grow to 254 million by year 2020 and will increase to 288 million in 2050 (United Unions, 2009). The largest ethnic group in Indonesia is Javanese, which consists of 40.6% of the total population (CIA Factbook). Due to their large and important presence in the society, Javanese have prevailed in cultural and political game. Because of this, the majority of the people is Muslim (86.1%) and followed by Protestant (5.7%) (CIA, CIA Factbook). Economic In Indonesia, the current overall picture of the economic development is steadfast and they have achieved tremendous optimization in GDP growth with the depreciating of debt-to-GDP ratio from 28.3 %( 2008) to 27.4 %( 2009) (CIA, Word Factbook). In fiscal year 2009, Indonesia’s GDP (purcha... ... middle of paper ... ...the number of electoral districts (district magnitude); to apply the threshold of seats in the parliament (parliamentary threshold); to simplify the number of factions in the parliament through the tightening of requirements for the formation of a faction (factional threshold), as well as making regulations to be directed to the formation of two political blocs (supporters and opposition).” (Yuda,2010). Conclusion Indonesia is a delevoping country that has high potential in political advancement and economic development due to its massive labor force and well-supplied natural resources. However, in order to achieve sustainable growth, they need to resolve all the encumbrances like poverty and government corruption, which hold them back for years and turn to stimulate government coalition in parliament and invigorate the practice of human rights in the society.
In Indonesia, for instance, The Agency for International Development (AID) reported that the Indonesian family planning program d...
Where is Honduras located? What are some main landforms? What food do Hondurans eat? What language do Hondurans speak? How did Honduras become Honduras? These are all questions you might have, and in this paper all will be answered. You will learn more about the geography, society, people, their lifestyles, and the history of Honduras.
Corruption consists in the illegitimate agreement between a corruptor and a corrupted, in which they abuse of their public power in order to obtain personal benefit. Bribery and corruption is something that has been going on for years. According to Allen, “officials perceive themselves as immune to any penalties for demanding and receiving bribes” which she states that it is one of the main reasons for bribery and corruption in underdeveloped countries. According to Transparency International, an organization committed exclusively to end corruption, three of the most corrupt countries in the world are Somalia, North Korea and Afghanistan. This does not mean that corruption is only seen in underdeveloped countries. In international business, corporate employees often find themselves dealing with corruptors in foreign countries and, in most cases, they will give in.
Settled in the end of the fifth century, two groups established themselves in what is now present day Cambodia. The Champa controlled the central and southern part of Vietnam and the Funan is the southernmost part Vietnam and present-day Cambodia. Influences from both China and India were obvious as dance and music spread throughout the area. Ruling on its own till 1864 when the French absorbed it into French Indochina Along with Laos and Vietnam. For nearly a century, the French exploited Cambodia commercially, and demanded power over politics, economics, and social life. It was not until a leader Norodom Sihanouk proclaimed Cambodia's independence in 1949 which was later granted in 1953. Cambodia fell into chaos during the 1970’s as General Lon Nol and his connections to the Khmer Rouge brought Cambodia into a genocidal age. For a decade Cambodia was surrounded by despair and carnage until the reign of the Khmer Rouge ended in 1979. Slowly rebuilding of the nation began as outside countries and organization such as the United Nation helped to get Cambodia back on its feet. Plans were made for general elections by 1993 which lead to the constitutional monarchy that the country has today. With its cyclical and oppressive history, Cambodia future is optimistic with the economy growing rapidly due to industries such as tourism, textiles, oil and the traditional farming. Slowly the nation reaches to find its place among the other powerhouses in Southeast Asia and around the world.
This war-torn land shows nothing but death and the dying. The ground is muddy from the rain, it’s dank and sodden. Up above the trench line is barbed wire and … nothing else. No birds, no animals … no people. A few dead bodies of the brave men going to assassinate the enemy by night fall, but stopped dead in their tracks, they got picked off by the sharpshooters. No! No one ever makes it! Never! There is a constant sound of gun blasts and the sound of explosions from the grenades. The dark is lit up by the flashes of the guns against the silver clouded sky. Nobody dares to look up for more than a few seconds otherwise they will be taken out.
The population growth of Indonesia has been reducing at a steady rate since 2000 up till 2010. As its population growth rate decreases, its labour force is also decreasing and as a result, there will be more job opportunities for people. As job oppor...
The struggle for nationalism was one the significant events during the colonial period in Indonesia. It was facilitated by the unity of the Indonesian tribes. The natives of Indonesia achieved unity through adoption of a common language that facilitated communication. Therefore, adoption of a common language was one of the significant factors that contributed to the development of nationalism in Indonesia. Today, Indonesian is the formal lingo in Indonesia. It is used as language of instruction in most learning institutions and national media (Simpson 2007, pp. 45-46). Moreover, it is one of the most popular languages globally. Indonesian evolved during the colonial period. It was called Malay before independence. A part from Indonesian, the natives commonly speak Javanese and Madurese. This paper discusses the emergence of Indonesian during the colonial period and its development since independence.
Some people said that corruption is rampant in all governments, So that it is not unknown to any ethnic group, region and continent. It cuts across faiths, political systems, religious Denominations and affects both young and old people. Fraud can be found in public and authoritarian rule;...
As the level of corruption increases, citizens loose allegiance and support for their government. For instance, Ethiopia, a country that is considered to be one of the fastest-growing economies in Africa in recent years, is having a difficult time developing due to the lack of foreign investors based on their rate of corruption. Ethiopia ranks 113 of 176 countries on the Corruption Perceptions Index of Transparency International. Occupations that have the highest rates of corruption include politics, finance, land administration and taxation. (Inter Press News service). At the World Economic Forum on Africa, Africa Progress Panel reported that the continent is losing more through illicit financial outflows than it receives in aid and direct foreign investment. In the past when foreign aid is brought to Ethiopia, the intervention is often hindered by the corrupt government officials who over tax revenues brought on by the intervention. This leads to discouragement of foreign aid coming into the
Corruption is the current issues happen in Indonesia since Suharto era. Besides that, corruption is undergoing in the political environment and economic environment. Corruption was one of seven per cent economic growth per annum on average over a period of 32 years, and despite its cronyism and corruption. (Aimbaruddin, 2011)
Kearney, A.T. (2001). Corruption and the Globalization Index. Last access on 27 March 2005 at URL: http://www.globalcorruptionreport.org/download/gcr2001/data_and_research.pdf NAIM, Mois´s (1995). Corruption Eruption. Last accessed on 2 April 2005 at URL: http://www.carnegieendowment.org/publications/index.cfm?fa=view&id=648 MORAN, Robert T. and RIESENBERGER, John R. (1994)
The topic that I will be discussing is Thai culture. In this, it will include areas that influence this culture. First, I will give you the geographical information of the country of Thailand. The second area that I will look at will be language. Language is an extremely important part of culture and some say that one cannot be found without the other. After that I will inform you about customs, traditions and taboos in Thai culture. This is a very important part of culture and is what shows the differences between cultures. Then I briefly tell you about the government and some national symbols, such as the flag, the symbol, colors, anthem, dress, and national day. Next, I will explain about religion in Thailand. In most cultures there is religion, but in Thailand it is interwoven into its whole culture and it is hard to separate the two. One other thing that I will include in this paper is a link to a page with pictures from my trip to Thailand.
It has three major island groups which are the Luzon, the largest island and where the capital is located; Visayan, and Mindanao. Eleven islands make up 94 percent of the Philippine landmass, and two of these--Luzon and Mindanao--measure 105,000 and 95,000 square kilometers, respectively. They, together with the cluster of the Visayan Islands that separate them, represent the three principal regions of the archipelago (many scattered islands in a large body of water) that are identified by the three stars on the Philippine flag.
Corruption is issue that affects to the country and its population, especially politic, economy, society, and environment. It is a problem that not distant to people because corruption is at every levels from the national to the local community, judicial system, military, business, and so on. Then it is absolutely important and involve with everybody in the world. Corruption is a part of an undeveloped system, for example the quality of life, economic development, education, and etc. Corruption can occur in a few countries that have an inefficient government and other factors. However, there is the definition of corruption that means “corruption is the misuse of public power (by elected politician or appointed civil servant) for private gain”