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Iroquois and the us
Impact of the iroquois on american government
Contributions made by Iroquois
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The Indian heritage and lore in the 1000 Islands is mostly forgotten as the twenty-first century moves inexorably forward. Keewaydin State Park, Chippewa Bay, and Iroquois Island are reminders that the Cornwall brothers, Cap Thomson, and the Clarks have no claim to being the region’s earliest residents. Indians had a hand in naming or lending their name to many places found along the river. They also provided the names for the mighty “muskellunge” fish and the “muskrat,” which is the critter that gives rise to the term river rat.
When Great Grandfather Clark landed with his family and servants in 1883, Indians were still coming to camp on the plateau across the back channel at Keewaydin. It was a mythical setting for the Algonquin Indians. The 1000 Islands had sacred status for the Iroquois and Algonquin tribes. At least one account credits the Indians naming the 1000 Islands “Manatoana,” which translates as “Garden of the Great Spirit.” James Fenimore Cooper makes references to “that labyrinth of land and water, the Thousand Isles” in his novel the Pathfinder. I found a reference to this encampment in a 1936 Thousand Islands Sun article that was reprinted and edited by Jeanne Snow. There is reference to the Keewaydin property and the owner at that time, William T. Dewart. In one section of the article it is reported, “There is a bit of Indian lore told about the spring on this property. It was here that the Indians used to camp and to use the water from this spring.”
Early Clark lore details an evening when the braves had something important to celebrate late into the night. They were apparently drinking something stronger than the renowned spring elixir, and they were creating quite a stir according to the account. As the story...
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...ll holes in the lath and plaster walls. It wasn’t a fancy wiring job because the house would have needed to be gutted to accomplish that task. That would have been a monumental job, and it would have destroyed the murals we all wanted to preserve.
Dad also contracted with local builder Perry Simmons in the fall of 1961 to reroof the house before our return for the 1962 season. The roof had been allowed to deteriorate for such a long time that the contractor didn’t need much more than a broom to remove the few wooden shakes that had somehow clung to what was left of the old roof. Reroofing the house came none too soon as we found out several decades later. In our 1990s restoration project, we found rot so advanced in the porch soffits that sawdust was all that remained under the covering boards. This rot was clearly a product of the roofing neglect from 1925 - 1961.
Cronon, William. Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England. New York: Hill and Wang, 1983. Print.
Before recorded history, people lived along the shores of Henderson Inlet. These people were the Nisqually. The historical evidence of Nisqually habitation in the area is the presence of a shell midden on lower Chapman Bay by archaeological explorations. The natives lived in small groups, their livelihood was determined by availability of food and the local topography. Because a fresh water stream meant a source of potable water and proximity to salmon runs, these small groups were always located along a steam or near its mouth. Marian Smith, an ethnologist, provided a more exact location as “on South Bay or Henderson Inlet between the creek at the head and that on the south.” She called this small group tuts’e’tcaxt. While the exact location of this small group is no longer known, some uncertain conclusions can be made about Native American activity in the Woodard Bay area. Tuts’e’tcaxt was a permanent village, consisting of two cedar plank houses that measured approximately 30 feet by 100 feet. Here the natives lived during the severe winter months. (Andrew Poultridge. 1991)
Our name is derived by Vetromile from the Pānnawānbskek, 'it forks on the white rocks,' or Penobscot, 'it flows on rocks’. My tribe connected to the Abnaki confederacy (q. v.), closely related in language and customs to the Norridgewock. They are sometimes included in the most numerous tribe of the Abnaki confederacy, and for a time more influential than the Norridgewock. My tribe has occupied the country on both sides of Penobscot bay and river, and claimed the entire basin of Penobscot river. Our summer resort was near the sea, but during the winter and spring we inhabited lands near the falls, where we still reside today, My tribes principal modern village being called Oldtown, on Indian island, a few miles above Bangor, in Penobscot county.
“Tracing a single Native American family from the 1780’s through the 1920’s posed a number of challenges,” for Claudio Saunt, author of Black, White, and Indian: Race and the Unmaking of an American Family. (pg. 217) A family tree is comprised of genealogical data that has many branches that take form by twisting, turning, and attempting to accurately represent descendants from the oldest to the youngest. “The Grayson family of the Creek Nation traces its origins to the late 1700’s, when Robert Grierson, a Scotsman, and Sinnugee, a Creek woman, settled down together in what is now north-central Alabama. Today, their descendants number in the thousands and have scores of surnames.” (pg. 3)
Fishing and hunting have been at the core of many American Indian cultures like the Nisqually since precontact. Indian hunting, fishing and gathering were conducted then—as they are now—not for sport, but for food and for a livelihood. This was well understood by the early colonists and later by the U.S. government. Thus, many of the treaties (e.g., Medicine Creek, 1854) negotiated between the federal government and Indian tribes in the nineteenth century contained provisions guaranteeing rights to hunt and fish. In the trea¬ty negotiated by Isaac Stevens, the tribe ceded to the U.S. some of the Nisqually vil¬lages and prairies, but Article Three reserved the tribe’s right to fish “at all usual and accustomed grounds and stations…in common with all citizens of the Territory.” (FL 12) But the growth of the European American population, and with it the proliferation of fenced lands, the destruction of natural habitat, and often the destruction of wildlife itself, drastically curtailed the Indians' ability to carry on these activities. Charles Wilkinson’s thesis declares that the “messages from Frank’s Landing” are “messages about ourselves, about the natural world, about societies past, about this society, and about societies to come.” (FL 6)
The Pequot tribe inhabited most of Southeastern Connecticut when the colonists arrived to the new world. The Pequot were among the most feared tribes in Southern New England in relation to the colonists. Actually, the name “Pequot” is of Algonquian descent and translates to mean “destroyers”. As the Pequot were migrating westward continuous altercations with the colonists arose. One incident in particular led to the murder of an English man believed to be a traitor by the Pequot. John Endicott, of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, organized an attack against the Pequot in retaliation for the murder of the alleged traitor, John Oldham. On May 26, 1637 the Pequot were attacked by some colonists as well as the Pequot former tribesmen the Mohegan and Uncas. Nearly all the Pequot villages were burned and nearly all of the Pequot were killed. Some small groups did escape but most were found and either murdered or sold into slavery to other Indian nations as well as residents of the West Indies. After the “Pequot War”, the Pequot name was all but eliminated giving way to the Mohegan. The pride of the Pequot people and their immense hatred of the Mohegan tribe were very prevalent t...
Cronon, William. Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England. New York: Hill and Wang, 1983. Print.
A different perspective on a smallpox epidemic during the French and Indian War appears in Andrew J. Blackbird's History of the Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of Michigan. Blackbird, Chief Mack-e-te-be-nessy, was a member of a distinguished Ottawa family from the northwest shore of the Michigan lower peninsula. He wrote his History late in life, after a long career in education, politics, and public service.
Thornton, Russell, Matthew C Snipp, and Nancy Breen. The Cherokees: A Population History Indians of the Southeast. Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press, 1990.
Before European contact with Turtle Island, the Native Peoples fully occupied the lands, maintaining extensive trade networks, roads that tied different nations together and successfully adapted to the particular natural environments across the continent.15 In her book, An Indigenous Peoples’ History of the United States, Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz writes of the Natives also adapting the environment to their
Hurtado, Albert L, ed. Major Problems in American Indian History. Lexington, Massachusetts, D.C. Heath and Company, 1994.
In his essay, “The Indians’ Old World,” Neal Salisbury examined a recent shift in the telling of Native American history in North America. Until recently, much of American history, as it pertains to Native Americans; either focused on the decimation of their societies or excluded them completely from the discussion (Salisbury 25). Salisbury also contends that American history did not simply begin with the arrival of Europeans. This event was an episode of a long path towards America’s development (Salisbury 25). In pre-colonial America, Native Americans were not primitive savages, rather a developing people that possessed extraordinary skill in agriculture, hunting, and building and exhibited elaborate cultural and religious structures.
Like other Indian tribes the Pequot tribe of Connecticut has a rich history. The present, past and future aspects of Pequot tribe have been discussed by various writers, websites and magazines. Modern society considers the Pequot tribe with sympathy because of their history. The tribe is considered as an American heritage and various platforms represent Pequot people from cultural and historical aspects. The American society has an overall positive view about the Pequot tribe and is mainly interested in understanding their culture and historical background. According to Pequot Indian fact sheet presented by biggorin website , the modern Pequot tribe contains mixed heritage from both the Mohegan and Narragansett tribes. The website describes past cultural heritage and living style of the Pequot tribe’s people which includes the tribe’s language, religion, food, past time and other basic activities. It holds general information regarding the importance of Pequot’s culture and defines the cultural importance of Pequot people in a very positive manner. The people of the United States and the economy both benefits from the tribe and have a positive prospect about tribe. Pequot t...
A small archipelago off the northwest coast of Britsh Columbia is known as the “islands of the people.” This island is diverse in both land and sea environment. From the 1700’s when the first ship sailed off its coast and a captain logged about the existence, slow attentiveness was given to the island. Its abundance, in both natural resources physical environment, and its allure in the concealed Haida peoples, beckoned settlers to come to the island. Settlers would spark an era of prosperity and catastrophe for the native and environmental populations.
In Thomas King’s novel, The Inconvenient Indian, the story of North America’s history is discussed from his original viewpoint and perspective. In his first chapter, “Forgetting Columbus,” he voices his opinion about how he feel towards the way white people have told America’s history and portraying it as an adventurous tale of triumph, strength and freedom. King hunts down the evidence needed to reveal more facts on the controversial relationship between the whites and natives and how it has affected the culture of Americans. Mainly untangling the confusion between the idea of Native Americans being savages and whites constantly reigning in glory. He exposes the truth about how Native Americans were treated and how their actual stories were