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conflict between india and pakistan
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Pakistan has been engulfed in conflicts and civil war for more than three decades. Peace, instability and institutional arrangements usually have not lasted even one term of the government. Democracy has not been practiced well due to both hostility and antagonism in the region. Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ&K) is a disputed region in Pakistan where I was born and raised. The region has been under the Indo- Pakistan conflicts and since partition of sub-continent into India and Pakistan, it has experienced three direct wars.
AJ&K since its independence in 1947 is, experiencing continues marginalization in terms of socio-economic development. Around 30% of the 3.868 million population of the AJ&K is victim of Indo–Pakistan conflicts. Due to instability and lack of good governance, there has been no development projects neither from the government nor from the international organizations. Unfortunately, one of the biggest challenges to overcome the disasters and tragedies of the conflicts in our disputed area is lack of education and capacity building for networking humanitarian actions a...
The people of India and Pakistan hate each other with a burning passion that goes back thousands of years. Because of the constant border wars you had to be stealthy when talking to people. For example if we were both on India's land and were both Indians we could be buddies; on the flip side if you spoke Sindhi, a derived form of Hindi, and I spoke Hindi I can assume you were Pakistani and we would have to fight it out.
National unity and ideology are the major political concerns in post colonial societies, that is why they used to apply assimilation strategy. This strategy is applied by the dominant groups. These groups might not hesitate to use state force in their own favour. So the state’s policies favour the powerful and dominant group. Pakistan is also one of the examples of plural societies. Here the state used to adopt assimilation policies to create national unity. Resultantly, the state has lost its Eastern Part. Still, various ethnic groups off and on show their resentment and different ethno nationalist movements are in the struggle to preserve identity. Following table is also helpful to show how the state of Pakistan
During the Cold War, many regional conflicts occurred and were noted as the significant battles which later led to decolonization. One of the regional conflicts were India and Pakistan fighting for their independence. In 1947, India was released under Great Britain’s control and gained its independence. However, the country was divided between Muslims and Hindus, which share different religions. Muslims wanted church and state to become unified while Hindus wanted a separation of these two establishments. Since these two ethnic groups disagreed, it was difficult to create a new government. Therefore, India was divided into two nations: India for the Hindus and Pakistan for the Muslims. Hindus and Muslims were racing to the border in order to get to their nation state which led to killing 500,000 people due to rioting. Although, Mohandas Gandhi, an Indian National Congressman, wanted to obtain peace between these two religions. Pakistan refused the H...
Pakistan which is known as the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is country in South Asia. Having a population more than 180 million, it is the sixth ranked for the most population, and it is the 36th largest country in the world in terms of area. Pakistan is surrounded by China to the North, India to the East, Afghanistan to the West and Iran at South. Interesting fact is that Pakistan shares it’s marine border with Oman.
Kashmir is conflict territory after the partition of India and Pakistan. Conflict is not only between India and Pakistan but also India and the religious militants. Religious Militants are conducting a jihad to govern by the religious law. Historically, Kashmir included Sufis Muslim not orthodox Muslim. Numerous international events had influenced in the growth of Islamic fundamentalism in Kashmir. Jihad is not originally from Kashmir but they are foreign militancy bought during the end of the Soviet –Afghanistan War. Additionally, they are trained in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Pakistan Inter service Intelligence helped them to incorporate into organized militant groups. Pakistan helped Jihad group with full moral, political and diplomatically. Even though Kashmir conflict is territorial issue it has also turned into religious conflict by the foreigner militant.
...efore the partition. Other reason would be of religion differences. From the years of 1947 to 1971, there were many conflicts added such as the “proxy” war over the disputed state of Kashmir and the third Indo-Pak War that made East Pakistan a new independent country – Bangladesh.
Lyon, Peter. Conflict between India and Pakistan: an Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, 2008. Print.
The history of Indo-Pakistani relations has been a dominated by turbulence and bitter rivalry. After the partition in 1947, millions of people migrated to their new home in either the Islamic state of Pakistan or the secular state of India. Only two weeks after independence, India and Pakistan fought a war over Kashmir in 1948. India and Pakistan fought two more wars with each other in 1965 and 1971, with the latter resulting in the creation of Bangladesh. Since then, India and Pakistan have had very hard feelings against each other due to numerous Hindu-Muslim conflicts, the territorial dispute over Kashmir, and other bilateral tensions.
The most threatening conflict between Hindus and Muslims is the province of Kashmir. This is where the decision to divide India into India and Pakistan seems to have been a terrible mistake. Kashmir, which is the only Muslim majority city in India, lies between the divided India and Pakistan. After India’s independence in the 1940’s, Kashmir had to choose to either unite with India or Pakistan. The Prince of Kashmir chose India but Pakistan invaded the province soon after and have occupied part of Kashmir since then. Controversy still surrounds the province today because naturally, Muslims want to control it. While many Muslims relocated to Pakistan and the Hindus to India, half of the Muslim population was left in India and their relations did not improve after being partially separated.
The Islamic Republic of Pakistan, the sixth most populated country in the world, is in South Asia. Its people and traditions reflect many diverse cultures. It is administratively divided into, four provinces: Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) and Baluchistan, the federal capital Islamabad and seven Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA).
First I would like to discuss the some of the social problems of modern day Pakistan.
Stanley Wolpert is an American academic, Indologist and author who is considered one of the world's leading authorities on the political and intellectual history of modern India and Pakistan. Wolpert has written many fiction and nonfiction books on the topic and taught at the University of California, Los Angeles from 1959-2002.
...ndia and Pakistan are different ethnically, religiously, and both have different thoughts on governing. Peaceful intervention in their current border struggles has proven very difficult because the situation has been heavily marked with bloodshed. Therefore, forceful military intervention from the outside is the only means to make both parties humble themselves.
Because of Pakistan’s unstable government, its military has had to become the core of its nation. Its military has also intervened and taken over government control to get rid of corrupt leadership. During the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan in the 1980’s, over three million Afghans fled to Pakistan. This led Pakistan to secretly provide military support to the Mujahedeen, while at the same time receiving aid from the United States. Since the commencement of the War on Terror, Pakistan has played an important role in trying to target Taliban Leaders from neighboring Afghanistan. This has impacted tribal areas bordering Afghanistan because Taliban fighters seek a safe haven in Pakistan trying to escape drone strikes, which end up following them into Pakistan and complicating relations with local tribes and their government. Pakistan has also been at the verge of War with India because of guerilla tactics Muslims militants’ use to disrupt India. The War on Terror has resulted in deaths of over 50,000 civilians and has misplaced many people. The military has also endured many casualties from the war on terror, more than any other
Pakistan is the basis in the international fight against terrorism to this day. Many Pakistani terrorist groups have made many terrorist attacks around the world. Pakistan faced the choice siding with or staying against the United States during the aftermath of 9/11. Violence in Pakistan has increased for many years as terrorist groups have targeted many political leaders, tribal leaders, the military, and also schools. Pakistan is divided into people who see the country as modern and/o...