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Chronic kidney disease essays
Chronic kidney disease essays
Chronic kidney disease essays
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Introduction
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) occurs when the kidneys are damaged slowly over a long period of time. The kidneys are two organs that do many important jobs in the body, which include:
Removing waste and extra fluid from the blood to make urine.
Making hormones that maintain the amount of fluid in your tissues and blood vessels.
Maintaining the right amount of fluids and chemicals in the body
A small amount of kidney damage may not cause problems, but a large amount of damage may make it hard or impossible for your child's kidneys to work the way they should. If steps are not taken to slow down the kidney damage or to stop it from getting worse, your child's kidneys may stop working permanently (end-stage renal disease or ESRD).
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Other causes include
Birth defects.
Certain kidney diseases such as:
Conditions that block outflow of urine from kidneys. These include obstructive uropathy, kidney stones, and some types of cancer.
Conditions that change the normal function or structure of kidneys.
Diseases that affect the immune system.
Genetic diseases.
Medicines that damage the kidneys, such as anti-inflammatory medicines.
Being around or being in contact with poisonous (toxic) substances.
A kidney or urinary infection that occurs again and again (recurs).
Trauma.
What increases the risk?
Your child is more likely to develop this condition if he or she has:
A problem with the structure or function of one or both kidneys or ureters, and this problem was present at birth (congenital).
Kidney disease that changes the function of one kidney or both kidneys.
A family history of kidney disease or failure.
What are the signs or symptoms?
Symptoms of this condition include:
Swelling (edema) of the face, legs, ankles, or feet.
Tiredness (lethargy) and having less energy.
Nausea or vomiting.
Confusion or trouble concentrating.
Problems with urination, such as:
Painful or burning feeling during
Chronic kidney disease also denoted as chronic renal failure is the gradual failure of the kidney to perform its function as required. The condition occurs gradually thus goes undetected until when it is too late. According to Buttaro et al (2013, p.723), there are certain risk factors that lead to the development of chronic kidney disease that individuals should be conversant with. Chronic kidney disease is hereditary meaning it can be passed from a parent to a child via genes. Age is another factor. This implies that people over 60 years are likely to get the disease thus should be cautious. Individuals having atherosclerosis, bladder obstruction, chronic glomerulonephritis or congenital kidney disease are also at the risk of getting the
There are two types of glomerulonephritis—acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The ACF form generally develops suddenly as a result of an infection or illness, such as, group A streptococci bacteria, hepatitis, or in diseases such as lupus or HIV (Mathias, 2013). This type may require dialysis to replace renal function while it lasts, however, kidney function usually returns after the primary illness is treated. Many acute patients will not have any other complications as no permanent damage is done. Whereas CKD is found in a person that has had glomerulonephritis for months to years in some cases and may be asymptomatic until the kidney has become irreversibly damaged. ARF can evolve to become chronic if the glomeruli do not respond to
Many people never find out that they have had stones in their kidneys. Some stones are small enough to flow through the kidney without ever causing any pain. These are called "silent stones"(Ford-Martin & Odle, 2005) Kidney stones cause problems when they get in the way of the normal flow of urine. They can block the flow through the ureter that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder. “The kidney is not accustomed to experiencing any pressure. When pressure builds from backed-up urine, it causes hydronephrosis” (Ford-Martin & Odle, 2005). If the kidney is subjected to this pressure for a while, there may be damage to the fragile kidney structures. When the kidney stone is lodged further down the ureter, the backed-up urine may also cause the ureter to swell. Because the ureter is a musc...
Nephrolithiasis, more commonly known as kidney stones, is a common renal disease characterized by crystal depositions in the kidney as a result of urinary supersaturation. There are several types of stones, such as uric acid, cystine, and struvite stones, but calcium stones are the most common.
In 1954, the first organ transplant was conducted successfully in the United States. (Clemmons, 2009) Nowadays, the technology of organ transplant has greatly advanced and operations are carried out every day around the world. According to current system, organ sales are strictly prohibited in the United States. (Clemmons, 2009) However, the donor waiting list in the United States has doubled in the last decade and the average waiting time for a kidney is also increasing. (Clemmons, 2009) In the year 2007, over 70,000 patients were on the waiting list for a kidney and nearly 4500 of them died during the waiting period. In contrast to the increasing demand for kidney, organ donation has been in a decrease. (Wolfe, Merion, Roys, & Port, 2009) Even the government puts in great effot to increase donation incentives, the gap between supply and demand of organs still widens. In addition, the technology of therapeutic cloning is still not mature and many obstacles are met by scientists. (Clemmons, 2009) Hence, it is clear that a government regulated kidney market with clear legislation and quality control is the best solution to solve the kidney shortage problem since it improves the lives of both vendors and patients.
The renal disease are common nowadays .The acute renal failure is a medical term means that the kidneys stopped from working and not able to clear toxins from body ,not able to maintained a stable electrolyte balance inside the body and not able to secret the extra fluid as urine outside the body. The renal replacement therapy (RRT) or dialysis has been discovered on 1913 by Able, Rowntree and Turner in London, UK.
renal disease that requires dialysis or needing a kidney transplant. Medicare does not cover the
Healthy kidneys clean the blood by filtering out extra water and wastes. They also make hormones that keep your bones strong and blood healthy. When both of your kidneys fail, your body holds fluid. Your blood pressure rises. Harmful wastes build up in your body. Your body doesn't make enough red blood cells. When this happens, you need treatment to replace the work of your failed kidneys.
up on the inner surfaces of the kidney. A kidney stone that does not pass on out
Polycystic Kidney Disease, often referred to as PKD, is a genetic disorder passed down through families and involving bilateral renal cysts, usually without abnormality. The kidneys are located in the upper part of the abdomen, toward the back, and about the size of one’s fist. They filter waste and unneeded fluid from the blood and form urine. When cysts form in or on the kidneys they fill with fluid and become enlarged. The enlargement of the kidneys will result in decreased function and eventually kidney failure. There are two major forms of PKD, autosomal dominant (ADPKD) and autosomal recessive (ARPKD). Both of these can involve the presence of renal cysts at any time during an affected person’s life, from prenatal stages into adulthood.
From the results of the numerous tests carried out according to the patient history of frothy urine with a significant oedema over a maximum period of 5 days, the patient was diagnosed with Nephrotic Syndrome. This is condition that occurs due to leakage in the kidney filtration part leading to a large amount of protein leaking from the blood into the urine. This is mainly due to fluid retention known as oedema which is as a result of low protein level in the blood. It occurs due to abnormal functioning or a part of the kidney is affected (glomeruli). This syndrome can be caused by numerous diseases coming together to cause or form one particular disease; these causes range from minimal change disease, membranous nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and other conditions, disorders of the glomeruli. The membranous nephropathy also known as the membranous nephritis or membranous glomerulonephritis, only causes diseases in adults and very uncommon in children. Leakage occurs from this due to the thickening of the membranous in the glomeruli which is the filter of the glomeruli. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is a causative due to the formation of small scars (sclerosis) on some of the kidney glomeruli. Another form of cause of nephrotic is minimal change which is due to lack of virtual change detected in the glomeruli when examined under the microscope. This causes the syndrome in 9 out of a total of 10 children under the age of 5 years.
A urinary tract infection is a very common infection that can happen to anybody. A urinary tract infection usually occurs when bacteria enters the urethra and multiples in the urinary system. The Urinary tract includes the kidneys, the thin tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder (ureters), and the main tube that carries the urine from the bladder (urethra). Women, men, and children are all immune to this infection. Women have the highest chances of getting it. In the Urinary tract, the main links of the ureters help get rid of any bacteria that tries to enter the urine, and the bladder helps prevent urine from backing up into the kidneys.
...ce the kidney is unable to do so. In severe cases a kidney transplant will need to occur (Nemours, 2012).
Kidney Function Introduction and definition of terms: The kidneys are the main organs in the urinary system. They filter waste products out of blood from the renal artery. These are then excreted. Useful solutes are reabsorbed into the blood. They also have a major homeostatic role in the body, and help to control the water content (osmoregulation) and pH of the blood.
Chronic Kidney Disease. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2014. Web. 20 May 2014.