New Zealand’s forests are one of its greatest natural resources, holding significant financial, physical, and spiritual value (DOC, 2013). These forests provide a significant trading resource (Perry, Oren, & Hart, 2008), directly influence soil and flora quality (West, 2006), and contribute to the cultural health of Maori by enhancing their whakapapa (or ‘Connection’ with the land) (Gallagher & Te Atawhai o te Ao, 2011).
This resource, however, is under threat through poor management (Levack, Poole, & Bateson, 2006), over exploitation (MPI, 2003) and the operating conditions of the Forestry Industry (ACC, 2007). This assignment will examine the impact that deforestation may have on New Zealand, and possible models for rectifying the situation.
For the purposes of this assignment, attention will be given to the effects of ‘The Pine Forestry Industry ‘on a nationwide scale, but Tokoroa will be utilised as the primary example, in order to relate these generic problems to a ‘real’ populace.
The New Zealand Forestry Industry utilises New Zealand’s woodlands as a financial asset by deforestation and the exportation of the resulting timber to over 30 countries. (MFE, 2006). It is a Government, Economic and Environmental issue that’s affects the entirety of Aotearoa / New Zealand (MPI, 2013). Providing a significant portion of the country’s financial stability, as calculated by MPI (2012), a national gross income of approximately five billion dollars annually, and directly employs around 6,910 labour force workers. (MPI, 2014).
The Industry is one of the most dangerous working environments according to Bentley, Parker, Ashby, Moore, and Tappin, (2002), due to the utilisation of hazardous machinery, as well as the added dangers of uneven ...
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...e of growing trees in the Waikato Region: Trees on Farms. Retrieved April 19, 2014, from http://www.waikatoregion.govt.nz/PageFiles/3354/section1.pdf
Waikato Regional Council (2007, July). Your guide to land conversion using environmental best management practices: Forest to Farming. Retrieved April 18, 2014, from http://www.waikatoregion.govt.nz/PageFiles/19395/ForestryToFarm.pdf: ISBN 978-0-478-29572-6 (Online)
Waikato Regional Council (2014). Threats to native plants and animals. Retrieved April 19, 2014, from http://www.waikatoregion.govt.nz/Environment/Natural-resources/Biodiversity/Threats-to-native-plants-and-animals/
West, P. W. (2006). Growing plantation forests. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
World Health Organisation (WHO) (2014, March). Ambient (outdoor) air quality and health. Retrieved April 18, 2014, from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs313/en/
Sidney Investments, a firm based in Dallas, Texas, is considering the purchase of a 360 acre parcel of forested land located in the Quachita Mountains of eastern Oklahoma. This land has been under timber production through one rotation to this point. Sidney Investments would like to be advised on the possibilities of keeping that land in timber production and the operations necessary for the management of shortleaf pine. Sidney has come to Hall-Tree Silvicultural Consultants for a description of the silvicultural procedures involved, and the firm will then perform an economic analysis, checking the current market prices for the implementation of those procedures before making a decision on the purchase of this property.
It does so by mandating 100% maintenance of culturally modified trees (CMT), which are trees that have been previously modified by the Haida people (Province of British Columbia and Council of the Haida Nation, 2007). TEK is a way of knowing that accumulates observations outside of Western science, thus it is a knowledge that is encoded in rituals and cultural practices (Berkes et al., 2000). Recently, there has been increased recognition in the contributions that TEK can make to the conservation of biodiversity, protected areas, ecological processes, and sustainable resource use (Berkes et al., 2000). CMTs are a form of TEK as they can provide tangible records of historical human use of trees and information on traditional sustainable resource use (Turner et al., 2009). These trees are living models that humans can enable use of their wood, bark, roots, and leaves without destroying the tree itself (Turner et al., 2009). Thus they are an important tool for ecosystem-based management, as according to Galindo-Leal & Bunnell (1995), management should meet the needs of the present but not compromise the ability of future generations to do the same. Additionally, preservation of CMTs is particularly important for the Haida, as most traditional knowledge has been lost due to the passing on of
Te Ara, the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. (2012). Story: Papatuanuku- the land. Retrieved April 17, 2014, from http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/papatuanuku-the-land/page-4
Perry, D. A. (1998). The Scientific Basis of Forestry, Annual Review of Ecology and System Thematic 29:435-466, Retrieved July 9, 2005 from: http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/what_we_do/policy/policy_and_events/index.cfm
Nicholas Rothwell, 2000, ‘A farming we will grow’, Land Conservation, Justin Healey (ed.), The Spinney Press, New South Wales, page 6.
b) Logging has impacted this special ecosystem. There are trees that are hundreds of years old and their timber is being pushed to be sold for high prices. After World War 2 the Australian economy was booming and timber was in demand. A number of timber mills where made near the Daintree for the purpose of cutting down the forest for the use in infra...
In Indonesia, 8.828 million hectares of forests have been destroyed (see appendix 2). Around fifty acres of forests are removed every minute, not o...
Deforestation is a widely used term, but one with different meanings. Disturbance deforestation refers to all man made disturbances that alter a forest, these are the most common. This argumentative essay discusses the positive and negative aspects of deforestation. In the first part of the essay the pro arguments of deforestation will be discussed. For example, the issue of Global population and how forests are being used, land use and the ways forests contribute, wood use, forest growth, destruction and the reasons for cutting down the trees. The second half of the essay will cover the issues that are harmful to the environment because of deforestation. Many environmental issues take place everyday; a big question that arises, is if the global economy will ever finds middle on the issue of forest thinning. If deforestation was used only in the most crucial of times, the world might become a better place.
Now is a critical time to address the issue of deforestation. Around the world forests are logged for timber and paper pulp. South America contains a large amount of mahogany and rosewood—highly coveted types of wood—within the Amazon basin. Forests are also cleared to make room for the planting of cash crops, such as coffee and soy, as well as livestock farms. After only a few years, overuse of these lands for crops typically causes soil erosion that quickly turns deforested regions into wastelands. Deforestation is responsible for 20 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions, which is more than all emissions all motorized transportation added together. The destruction of forests does not just threaten our climate; it threatens the livelihoods of billions of people that rely on forests for food and economic activities. The modern world relies on rainforests more than for the well-known reason. People receive many of their fruits and medicines from plant species that survive solely within the heart of a rainforest. Let’s not forget that forests also serve as habitats to wildlife a...
Thesis: Forests provide the earth with a regulated climate, strong biodiversity, and good nutrient rich soil for plants to strive on.
Rainforests once covered 14% of the worlds land surface, however now it only covers a mere 6%. It is estimated that all rainforests could be consumed in less than 40 years. Trees are becoming more needed and used everyday. We need them cut down for many reasons such as paper and timber, while also needing them ‘untouched’ for other reasons like oxygen, we have to ask ourselves, which is more important? At the current rate, most of the rainforests are being cut down for resources like paper and timber, but less importance is being placed on main resources like oxygen.
The New Zealand industry is now dominated by the private sector and includes numerous international companies. It also includes an increasing proportion of small forest growers. A key part of the forests in the New Zealand Indigenous environment is to help protect the many values of
Farm Forestry, along with Plantations, is very effective in preserving old-growth forests. The Combined Standing Forest Resource in Australia was 1.5 million hectares of planted trees. . In China, the law states that each and every citizen must plant at least 11 trees a year, every year. Raising awareness and education are other... ...
Salim, Emil and Ullsten, Ola. Our Forests, Our Future. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
What is agroforestry? Many people do not know what exactly agroforestry is. The answer is simple. Agroforestry is the combination of trees, crops, and/or livestock into a system which focus on the interactions between the components rather than the components themselves (Sharrow 1997). It is mostly practiced in developing countries where its ability to be used to produce several different outputs is critical to the farmers. Agroforestry is not practiced on the same scale that monoculture agriculture is practiced in the United States. It has several different systems that incorporate the different components in different ways. There are several different applications of agroforestry in the United States, however, silvopastoral agroforestry in the United States is the focus of this paper. Silvopastoral systems combine trees with animal agriculture for several different outputs (Sharrow 2008). It can be used to produce timber outputs such as lumber, pulp, or biomass. It also allows for livestock agriculture outputs to be generated as well. Silvopastoral agroforestry provides many benefits that single resource management cannot provide such as more efficient nutrient use, increased revenue flow, increased diversity, increased resilience, increased livestock productivity, increased tree productivity, increased sustainability and environmental benefits (Cubbage, Balmelli, Bussoni et al. 2012). This paper discusses the benefits that can be provided by practicing Silvopastoral agroforestry in the agroforestry, and the incentives provided by application of Silvopastoral systems in the United States; particularly the benefits associated with livestock productivity and timber production.