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Effects of maternal stress on prenatal development
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It has been proven that a child’s early years are the peak at which the mind can bend and shape, creating the foundation for a life. We know now that even before birth, the mind is a delicate matter that if improperly taken care of could alter a person’s entire life. Nourishment and stimulation before and after the birth of a child mold’s the brain in its most malleable state. Medical and scientific institutes paired with parenting information organizations have made information readily available for parents, childcare providers, and students to advise them of the importance of childhood brain development. This information is not only critical for the child, but for the person they will become in the future. Prenatal brain development is not usually the first topic on a pregnant woman’s mind, if it crosses her mind at all! Many women do not know what adverse effects certain circumstances can have on a child’s development. The most obvious deterrent of brain development would be a physical injury to the child. If any portion of the child’s brain is damaged during pregnancy, the effects will almost certainly be long term. Most pregnant women successfully take the necessary steps to avoid physically damaging the child’s brain. Perhaps even scarier is the thought that continuous exposure to stress can also permanently damage the brain development of a child that has yet to be born. The US National Library of Medicine states that in humans and animals, prolonged exposure to stress that can be controlled by the mother may result in abnormal behavioral, cognitive, and psychosocial outcomes. It is important for mothers to remember that they are no longer taking care of only themselves. Though unborn, there is a lot of damage that can be ... ... middle of paper ... ...ith a healthy status of living. Precautions should be taken in restricting the amount of time a child has to explore the world around them. So many different connections are made simply by the child examining the world on their own. This period of life is crucial to the child’s future, building connections to produce a successful adult. Works Cited Guibert, Susan. "Modern Parenting May Hinder Brain Development." Modern Parenting May Hinder Brain Development, Research Shows // News // // University of Notre Dame. Notre Dame News, 04 Jan. 2013. Web. 03 Nov. 2013. LaPlante, Charil A., DP, C. Vaillancourt, and S. King. "Prenatal Stress and Brain Development." NCBI. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 05 Oct. 2010. Web. 03 Nov. 2013. Parker, Clare. "Developing the Child Brain." Developing the Child Brain. International Parenting Association, n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2013.
Schetter, C. (2009). Stress Processes in Pregnancy and Preterm Birth. Current Directions In Psychological Science (Wiley-Blackwell), 18(4), 205-209. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01637.x
As every child grows up in a different environment, not all have a safe one to grow up in and as a result everything that surrounds them becomes apart of the clarity that their mind incorporates and becomes apart of that child 's behavior of way. In terms of brain development children or teens often listen, and see what is around them, it is also said, by researchers of the National Institute of Health, that in recent studies that were made that in teen years massive loss of brain tissue...
“Although experience may affect human brain structure and function throughout the entire life span, evidence.suggests that early experience may be particularly critical” (Rao et al., 2010). During the childhood years, adequate nurturing by parents has a large impact on optimal biological and psychological development. This includes neurological, social, emotional, and cognitive growth. Rao et al. (2010) broadly define nurture as including “warmth, affection, and acceptance” (p. 1145).
Talge, N. M., Neal, C., & Glover, V. (2007). Antenatal maternal stress and long-term effects on child neurodevelopment: how and why?. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48(3/4), 245-261.
Modercin-McCarthy M. A., McCue S., Walker J. Preterm infants and stress: A tool for the neonatal nurse. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs, 1997; 10, 62-71.
...euronal plasticity, which is the ability of brain to be changed in relationship to previous experiences (Paoletti et al., 2013). During development, neuronal plasticity plays a key role in the processes of learning and memory (Medina, 2011). The proposed oxidative stress alcohol induced can explain the mechanism through which alcohol can exert harmful teratogenic effects on the brain during the third trimester (Brocardo, Gil-Mohapel, & Christie, 2011).
The early stages of a child’s lifespan is the most crucial part of their overall development. “Brain and biological development during this time is influenced by an infant's environment”(Statistics
There are various activities that can harm the development of cognition in children. Two of the major things that harm cognitive development during the pregnancy are drug use and malnutrition. After the child is born, there are several ways to harm the development. Exposing them to too much TV is one way, even if it is an education show. It is recommended that any infant under 2 not be allowed to watch TV. Another factor that is harmful is a stressful environment. Stressful environments include dirty houses, malnutrition, argumentative parents, etc. Finally, the last factor that I will list is not providing the infant with either formula or breast milk. Some parents do not breast feed and cannot afford formula, so they turn to regular milk, this does not provide them with all the nutrients that the infant needs to develop properly. If any of these factors contribute to a child's development, th...
a long time of a kid's life are basic for mind health. After conception, cerebrum cells secure trillions of associations. These interfacing neural connections structure the cerebrum's "maps" that oversee thought, sentiments, and conduct. Cerebrum cells investigate, facilitate, and transmit data.
There are many factors that affect development. Some of those are factor, which have a direct bearing on prenatal life, later on manifest postnatal. The human body is a highly organized system with trillion of cells communicating with each other to ensure proper functioning. However those functions, can be enhance or impaired by endogenous or exogenous agent, which act in concert to produce effects during prenatal life. These effects might have consequences on emotional and cognitive development of a child postnatal. Deena Palenchar (2005) stated that there are environmental agents, which can adversely affect the prenatal development. These agents are known as teratogen. When exposed to these environmental agents, genetic materials interact with them producing effects that can have direct bearing o the rearing of the child. On the other hand, there is stress. Stress is a normal occurrence in everyone’s life, and it management depends on each individual (Sleigh, 2005). Just like teratogen, stress can affect the fetus development with mild or serious consequences during childhood and adulthood. Both teratogen in this case smoking and stress can adversely affect the fetus by producing Nicotinic Acetylcholine receptors and cortisol respectively, which have a great impact on the prenatal and postnatal development.
Lam, Garrett. "Pregnancy." Child Development. Ed. Neil J. Salkind. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2002. 317-322. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 25 Nov. 2013.
While it is very common sense to realize the importance of prenatal development, many people may not actually realize the extent of growth and development that actually occurs before a baby is even born. It seems to be very vital for women expecting to conceive to know any and all risks they are taking that may have an effect on their child before or early on in their pregnancy. The choices a woman makes during the prenatal stages can have an effect on her child for years or often even for its entire life.
During infancy, and childhood the body’s physical development changes at an increasingly speed. During infancy and childhood, growth does not occur at a steady rate (Carel, Lahlou, Roger, & Chaussain, 2004). As the child begins to become older, they are capable of controlling their attention and behavior. The child then begins to experience mood symptoms or disorders more than ever. Having control over the brain allows the child to have control over their
The brain is said to be one of the most important organs in our bodies. Especially those of adolescents. Development is most effective during the adolescent or early childhood time period because they are prone to more interactive learning. Early childhood brain development consists of learning through social interaction, language exposure, social experiences and self-awareness. The big topic for debate right now is children watching too much television and the affect it has on the brain. Many have said that too much television has compromised the cognitive development in the youth of our society. These cognitive delays can come from virtual watching because it then creates limits on opportunities for physical play and imaginative play,
Huizink, A. C., Robles de Medina, P. G., Mulder, E. J., Visser, G. H., & Buitelaar, J. K. (2003). Stress during pregnancy is associated with developmental outcome in infancy. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44(6), 810-818.