Multiband loaded inverted-F antennas suitable to be applied in a portable device as an internal antenna having high gain property for mobile WiMAX , Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and WLAN operations are presented. Numerical simulation is carried out using method of moments in Numerical Electromagnetic Code (NEC-2). The proposed dual inverted-F antenna is suitable for 3.5/5 GHz and compact triple band inverted-F antenna is for 2.4/3.5/5.2 GHz operations. Total areas occupied by the antennas are 24mm×37mm and 29mm×37mm in case of dual IFA and triple IFA respectively. The antennas contain an incredibly high peak gain of 7.72 dBi at 5 GHz band and the gain variations at all frequency bands are less than 1 dBi . In addition, the antennas have satisfactory radiation characteristics at all the frequency bands. Due to compact area occupied, the proposed antennas are promising to be embedded within the different portable devices.
KEYWORDS
Inverted-F Antenna, WiMAX, Wi-Fi, WLAN, Bluetooth
1. INTRODUCTION
Wireless communications have been developed widely and rapidly in the modern world especially during the last decade. In the near future, the development of the personal communication devices will aim to provide image, DMB (Digital Multimedia Broadcasting) video telephony, speech and data communications at any time-anywhere around the world using the WLANs (Wireless Loca Area Networks). Rapid advances of various WLAN protocols have sparked the requirement for miniaturized multiband antennas with suitable frequency bands appropriate for the Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11 standard) and mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e-2005 standard) applications are highly desirable. Bluetooth and WLAN operate in 2.4 GHz industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band (frequency ran...
... middle of paper ...
...Compact loop type antenna for bluetooth, S-DMB, Wibro, WiMax and WLAN applications.” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters . Vol. 6 . February 2007.
[9] Jinwoo Jung ,Hyeonjin Lee and Yeongseog Lim. “Compact monopole antenna for dual ISM-bands (2.4 and 5.8 GHz ) operation” .Microwave and Optical Technology Letters. Vol.51. No.9. September 2009.
[10] Kwok L. Chung, T. H. Mak and W. Y. Tam. “A modified two-strip monopole antenna for Wi-Fi and WiMAX applications.” Microwave and Optical Technology Letters. Vol.51. No.12. December 2009.
[11] G. J. Burke and A. J. Poggio.“Numerical Electromagnetic Code-2”. Ver. 5.7.5, Arie Voors, 1981
[12] M. C. T. Huynh. “A Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Planar Inverted-F Antennas for Wireless Communication Applications”. M.Sc. Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, October 2000
of the higher frequencies to be heard clear in a space the size of the AEROSTAR.
According to David Shriner, a former military engineer and expert on RF technology, there are a number of different types of RF weapons, which are also referred to as High Powered Microwave (HPM) weapons. The first type is the conventional RF weapon, which sends out a concentrated band of radio waves toward a target. These radio waves act in a way similar to the waves inside a normal microwave oven; given a sufficient amount of power, they can be used to heat and damage electronic equipment operating at the same frequency. Because of this need to match frequency with the target, conventional RF weapons require prior research and intelligence before they can be deployed effectively by terrorists [3].
During the 1960’s Toronto was in the midst of a building boom as many buildings were rising changing the city of Toronto’s skyline from one that was formed by short buildings into one filled with tall skyscrapers. This posed a challenge for the transmission towers that existed during this time period as they “were simply not high enough to broadcast over the new buildings” (CN Tower). Due to the creation of the new buildings, the signals emitted from the transmission towers were bouncing off the buildings and as a result people living within the area would receive inadequate television and radio quality. So, it was proposed that a new telecommunication tower would be created that would have signal receptors at extremely high vantage points on the top of the antenna at 1815.4 feet and at 1109...
Usually a vertical antenna is located on the right, which controls the pitch. The closer the players hand is, the higher the pitch. A horizontal loop antenna is located on the left and controls the volume. The closer the hand is, the louder the volume. Patented in 1928 by Leon Theremin, the theremin has not escaped its original status as a novelty instrument.
L. Ophir "802.11 Over Coax - A Hybrid Coax - Wireless Home Network Using 802.11Technology", Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, pp.13 -18
and Allied troops at the front lines of the Italian campaign. As a newspaper around December 18, 1943 describes, “Radio history is being made in Naples, where the first complete mobile broadcasting station is at present being fitted out. It is to operate with easy listening distance of the front line troops of the Fifth Army and its
"Short History of Radio A Short History of Radio With an Inside Focus on Mobile Radio." fcc.gov. Version 2003-2004. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Dec. 2013. .
Here we design single-antenna based system which checks the traffic probe regarding the communication between different users in a connected area under coverage. To increase the coverage area and traffic collection, we can increase the antenna gain and amplifiers with noise reduction techniques. There are some procedures, experiments and also theorems in implementing the right way of tracking the forensic devices. As in this experiment the limit of detection is around 1km of radius and the accuracy of forensic localization has a error limited to 10 meters which is a serious threat to location privacy.
The level of RF a person receives is related to many factors, not only the placement of the antenna. Factors that can increase the level of RF are the number of “cells”, the distance to the “base station”, or the obstacles between the caller and the station. The number of cell zones depends on the user population. Heavily populated areas have more cells allowing for more telecommunication traffic. Being close to a cell site lowers the power needed to sustain a call, hence reduces the exposure to RF.
WiMax has the potential of replacing cellular networks, copper wire networks used by telephone companies, and the coaxial cable infrastructure use by cable TV while offering Internet Service Provider (ISP) services. Relevance of trend: Broadband wireless access (BWA) and in particular WiMax is being
After nearly a decade of buildup and anticipation satellite radio has finally hit the airwaves. Satellite radio has been an emerging technology in the making for many years now. In 1992, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) assigned part of the S-band (2.3 GHz) spectrum for nationwide broadcasting of a satellite-based Digital Audio Radio Service (DARS). In 1997, the FCC granted American Mobile Radio (now XM Satellite Radio) and CD Radio (now Sirius Satellite Radio) broadcast rights over...
By transmitting signals at 2.4 or 5 GHz, it allows the waves to transmit more data at a faster rate. Typical Wi-Fi standards are 802.11a, b, g, n, or ac and they can switch up the frequency depending on the model (Brain). Families can create their own wireless network that can be shared between family members without the use of hooking all their devices up to the modem, and can also protect their home network from potential hackers with the use of a TKIP or AES encryption. Businesses can also create a “hotspot” which is an area that has wireless networks for free or at a set fee. This is extremely convenient for commuters that need internet access while they are at work, waiting on a plane, or just sitting at a coffee spot without the need for wires (Cox).
FM is since the frequency is varied, station takes up more room on the band.