Impacts of Transportation Arteries on Land Use Patterns in Urban Rural
Fringe: A Comparative Gradient Analysis of Qixia District, Nanjing
City, China
Introduction
The focus of this study was to understand how the impacts of different transportation arteries in the Qixia District of Nanjing City, China affected land change over time. This areas has had some of the most rapid urbanization and industrialization along with massive tendencies towards urban sprawl. Since the outer regions of urban areas are more susceptible to land change from country to urban, this area was suitable to use as a study area.
One of the major issues that are faced with the expanding transportation network is that “By enhancing accessibility and easing the movement of people and goods, improvement in transportation systems accelerates urban land expansion and regional economic growth,” (Runsen et al). This leads to a feedback loop where humanity continues to transform more and more areas into urban land use. In this study they attempt to use a gradient analysis of the study area along with distributions of land use change and structures the determine if there is an effect in the impact from the varying types of transportation in the area. The main transportation corridors they were studying were: railway, expressways, and highways. The land directly adjacent to the transportation corridor was used to quantify changes to characteristics in the zones.
Data and Processing and Methods
Since this study was determining changes between the years 2000 and 2008, they acquired land use data based on historical Landsat TM satellite images and the sampling months for those years were between September and November for each year at a resolution of 30 x 30 meter...
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...res and this can be used in other cities to try and see changes in other areas as well.
Works Cited
Iacono, M., D. Levinson, and A. El-Geneidy. "Models of Transportation and Land Use Change: A Guide to the Territory." Journal of Planning Literature 22.4 (2008): 323-40.
Mothorpe, Chris, Andrew Hanson, and Kurt Schnier. "The Impact of Interstate Highways on Land Use Conversion." The Annals of Regional Science 51.3 (2013): 833-70.
Zhang, Runsen, Lijie Pu, and Ming Zhu. "Impacts of Transportation Arteries on Land Use Patterns in Urban-rural Fringe: A Comparative Gradient Analysis of Qixia District, Nanjing City, China." Chinese Geographical Science 23.3 (2013): 378-88.
Zhao, Liyuan, and Zhong-Ren Peng. "LandSys: An Agent-based Cellular Automata Model of Land Use Change Developed for Transportation Analysis." Journal of Transport Geography 25 (2012): 35-49.
The face of the American landscape has undergone a period of fantastic change in recent decades. With an expanding population and innumerable opportunities for economic and physical growth, urban centers and sprawling suburbs have pushed farther and farther into outlying areas causing pressures and development on previously untouched, natural lands. New Jersey has become, in many ways, the focus in dealing with issues of sprawl and development within its relatively small space. The most densely populated state in the nation, New Jersey often acts as a predecessor in both having and dealing with issues of environmental concern and/or damage. Within the past ten years, the issue of urban/suburban "sprawl" has become an issue of much concern among professional and private citizens alike. Characterized by unplanned and unchecked growth outward from urban core areas, sprawl becomes such a concern as it has reshaped the face of the American environmental landscape by fragmenting wild habitats, overutilizing existing water resources, and building mile after mile of "McMansion" homes on very large tracts of land. The construction of this suburban landscape does not, however, come without a cost to the surrounding environment. To build homes with large areas of fenced in property, open space and natural areas must be tapped utilized to feed the strong market. While some would say that it is not the market fueling the various associations of homebuilders but instead the reverse reaction, neither this, nor the other is of significant concern when attempting to address the physical impacts that this sprawling "suburban-side" has on natural habitats.
* Levinson, H. (2004). Highways, People, and Places: Past, Present, and Future. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 130 (4), 406 – 412.
Before cars, people traveled by carriages, horses, streetcars and bicycles. These methods of transportation were not as effective as the car, so transportation over long distances was not entirely facilitated. This is why the innovation of the automobile was so important to the creation of suburbs and other areas of living outside the city. Transportation was facilitated and citizens could finally afford to leave the dirty and crowded city and commute from their quiet country homes outside of the mess of people and disease. Since World War II, cars have entirely reshaped cities and their near suburbs dramatically (Chafe). The automobile industry, mainly due to cars, has not only replaced the rail service that existed prior, and a great deal of the pedestrian popularity, but this industry has also strongly influenced the growth of inner city areas lacking in any type of transportation service. In the past, rails connected urban cores directly with their outskirts and suburbs before the invention of automobiles. In the past, city streets had generally followed the patterns of the streetcars as well as transportation routes and roads before them, however, it was just a matter of time before cars outgrew the capacity of the old routes. A journalist from
The evolution of land use patterns can determine many aspects of a given region. In the example of the Junction Triangle (JT) - a sector of Toronto that came into existence by industrial land use - there have been three major aspects affected by industrial land use: economic, social, and political (Knox, p444). Land use in the JT has neglected these three aspects of residential life - and thus, has compromised the quality of life (QOL) of the citizens - in exchange for industrial development.
..., power plants, roads, public transportation. This is demonstrated when all the trees were clear-cut a urban sprawl took place which is when a city expands so fast that it expands into the countryside. The built a lot of infrastructure to support the fast changing they weren't build “up to code”. This damages the land and makes it so the previous ecosystem can’t try to fix itself.
Urbanization (or urbanisation) is the increasing number of people that live in urban areas. Urbanization has been the result of economic growth for most countries. In fact, every developed nation in the world has gone through urbanization and this is no news to Chinese leaders. To turn the nation of China from being a developing nation to a developed nation, China encouraged the migration of citizens from the countryside to move to large cities and fuel the industrializing nation. Though urbanization has been a process many countries have gone through, China’s urbanization plans are very distinct compared to western examples. The main reason for China’s urbanization distinctions is its sheer magnitude and pace. In this paper, we will review this mass migration, the economic growth, China’s environmental concerns (specifically air pollution) due the urbanization and the focus on industrialization, and we will briefly see China’s newest seven year urbanization plan.
The purpose of this paper is to examine the formation of urban sprawl including its impacts on people and to explore efficient alternatives. Urban sprawl is a common problem that the world is currently facing in the process of urbanization. The North America urban sprawl that began from 1950s has been regarded as an illness of urban developments. With the purpose of drawing lessons and enlightens to a sustainable urban planning, this paper tries to analyze social and economic reasons that have been the motivation of North American urban sprawl. And interpret the causes and effects of urban sprawl, and what can we take to mitigate this phenomenon? Secondly, the paper introduces the most famous new planning movements such as Sustainable Development, Smart Growth, New Urbanism and so on. Finally, based on above observation, the paper proposes that lessons should be drawn from North American’s mistakes and not follows them. Furthermore, the paper probes into several problems in seeking a proper urban space model and policy on the process of urbanization. We must alert urban sprawl and keep on exploring sustainable urban governance policy and pay attention to induct the public opinion on consumption and culture in finding for the mechanism of structural innovation. We should commit to build sustainable transport system to reduce the consumption of automobiles. We should promote multi-intensive model of land use in urban exploration.
The graph shows the results that were expected from the land use questionnaire. In the tables, the trend in the graphs show the total’s and average’s over 147 years.
The perception of the areas we live in, are of major importance to the well being of humans because the areas we choose to live in may very well affect our lifestyle. There are pros and cons to living anywhere in the United States and the most prominent factors are suburban and urban areas. Suburban areas contain more open land, and forests which are crucial factors in our environment, whereas urban areas contain more job opportunities and opportunities for investments, which result in higher payments. The factors associated with urbanization are buildings, factories, and huge amounts of pollution, whereas suburban areas contain more farms, plantations, and crops. Researchers are still debating whether urban
The Netherlands and the United States have similar challenges in land use planning. Both countries must deal with urban sprawl, farmland preservation, and nature development and preservation. However, the history behind each country forms a basis for the differences in land use planning.
First of all, overpopulation drastically affects the land. Possibly the most prominent example of the depreciating health and amount of land is the need for developments. Due to the exploding population in the United States, about 1.2 million acres of land every year is being converted to subdivisions, malls, workplaces, roads, parking lots, resorts, and many other developments (“Overpopulation,” Internet). That is a substantial amount of land being overturned to satisfy human desires. To put it in better perspective, between 1982 and 1997, the land mass lost to development is equal to the size of Maine and New Hampshire combined, which is approximately 25 million acres (“Overpopulation,” Internet). While soil is being ruptured for human preference, the number of cities has remarkably modified. In 1975, Mexico City, Tokyo, and New York City were the only cities considered as megacities (“Special,” Internet). In today’s world, that number is considerably small. Now, there are 21 megacities in the world. A megacity is when the population of that city becomes greater than 10 million people (“Special,” Internet). Therefore, the 21 megacities that are currently in the world holds more than 21...
Transportation affects every aspect of our lives and daily routine, including where we live, work, play, shop, go to school, etc. It has a profound impact on residential patterns, industrial growth, and physical and social mobility. Roads, highways, freeways and mass transit systems do not spring up out of thin air. They are planned. Someone makes a conscious decision to locate freeways, bus stops, and train stations where they are built. Transportation is no less a civil rights and quality of life issue. Safety and accessibility are the most significant considerations in transportation planning. Zoning and other practices of exclusion result in limited mobility for poor people and those concentrated in central cities.
Donaldson D, 2011, Estimating the Impact of Transportation Infrastructure, [Online], Available at: www.econ.as.nyu.edu/docs/IO/10131/donaldson_JMP.pdf Available at: [Accessed on: 10/22/2011]
The impact of transport infrastructure on the land-use policies can be seen from the formation of the rapidly changing urban landscape, this is related to the land-use rezoning, including residential, commercial, and industrial site for living, work, shopping and leisure activities, the modes of travel that commuters use to access these places of employment, shopping and entertainment is a private vehicle dominated area, with a low utilization of public transportation. Modes of public transportation that are used are mini-bus taxis and to a lesser extent busses. A relatively large number of people access employment, shopping and entertainment opportunities by foot. These pedestrians are potential user of the planned BRT system within the
A general situation of urbanization trend in developing countries and developed countries is increasing. In 18th Century only 3% of the world total population lived in urban areas but as projected in 2000 this number will increase at above 50% (UN as cited in Elliot, 1999, p. 144). According to UN (as cited in Elliot, 1999, p.144), it is figured that the total urban population in developing countries has increased from approximately 400 millions people in 1950 to approximately 2000 millions people in 2000. At the same time, total urban population in developed countries is double...