The American education system is a prime example of an institution that has been formed around the exclusionary principles of American society and as a result the education system, which has become the preferred means of climbing the socioeconomic latter, is also an institution that works to indirectly keep poor minorities in their hierarchical place. Schools that were meant to be public facilities of education continue to be funded under the assumption that these institutions are necessary and inclusive. Although public schools are necessary, they are far from inclusive, in fact the best schools can be defined as sects. Max Weber wrote about the exclusive characteristics, benefits, and consequences of sects in terms of religious groups, however, the essence of his definition can also be applied to demonstrate the exclusive and unfair attributes of schools like Plant High School in Tampa Florida. The use of Weber's work to demonstrate that Plant High School can and should be classified as a sect will aid in bringing to light the unfair advantages that its attendees have, how its nature as a sect goes against the very intended nature of a publicly funded high school, and how its ability to continue to operate as a sect indirectly violates the 14th amendment as well as the precedence set forth by Brown v. Board of Education. Max Weber in following his fascination with the impact that the Protestant faith had on society in the United States wrote about the many branch-offs of the main line Protestant church, classifying them as sects. Weber, in his work entitled The Protestant Sects and the Spirit of Capitalism, explained that all sects have common factors that make them a sect, they are all exclusive, they all have a heavy emphasi... ... middle of paper ... ...d Left Behind School Public Accountability Reports. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2014. Orfield, Gary, and Chungmei Lee. Why Segregation Matters: Poverty and Educational Inequality. Rep. Cambridge: Harvard U, 2005. Http://civilrightsproject.ucla.edu. Web. 27 Apr. 2014. . Plant High School. Plant High School, n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2014. "Public-School-District-Boundaries-in-South-Tampa." Public-School-District-Boundaries-in-South-Tampa. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2014. Weber, Max, and Stephen Kalberg. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism: The Revised 1920 Edition. New York: Oxford UP, 2011. Print. "Welcome to Guidance." Welcome to Guidance. Plant High School, n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2014.
Morton explains that political, institutional, and structural factors lead to the segregation of poverty in minority communities because of their lack of access to educational and health service, reliable public transportation, and job (Morton 275). Morton recognizes that the achievement gap goes much deeper than the education realm and she believes
Based on this segment from Max Weber’s The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, it appears that the primary focus of the work was to refute the proposal of “”superstructure” theorists” (Weber in Calhoun 2012: 299), by providing examples to indicate that a capitalist economy is an unnatural social system, and does not unfold as these theorists claim. Weber focuses primarily on Benjamin Franklin as a proponent of Capitalism, (seemingly)
Jack P. Green and J. R. Pole, The Blackwell Encyclopedia of the American Revolution, (Blackwell Publishers) 1991.
Moreover, Weber argues that this spirit of capitalism was not a result of technological advances and/or the division of labor as many believe, it is from religious beliefs. But not just any religious belief, due to business leaders being frequently Protestant, Weber theorizes that protestantism enabled western rational capitalism. He utilizes empirical research by first going back to the beginning of protestantism with Martin Luther and his belief of the calling. Luther 's frustration with the corruption of Catholicism caused him to separate from it. As a Catholic, when you do something bad you confess to the priests and are cleansed. Thus, one can keep repeating sinful acts as long as they repent. Another problem that
The major divisions of the Protestantism are Baptist, Presbyterians, Anglicans, Methodist, Lutheranism, Unitarianism, and Quakers (www.encyclopedia.com). Even the very first Protestant Reformers were unable to maintain a unity of faith or purpose. The divisions of Protestantism are just an example of the continued fragmentation of the churches. The tendency towards this divineness is a strength to the Protestantism religion.
The major weaknesses of his book is the absence of contextual analysis. Since the principles he presents are fundamental for Protestantism, it could be necessaire to show in what context these principle were developed. The contextual analysis could help to understand the motivation of the leader of protestant movement and could allow to make a reel analysis of the impact of Protestantism ethic on the spirit of capitalism. Without the knowledge of the context it can be subjective to conclude that Protestantism influenced the capitalism. For example, in the United States, the spirit of self-confidence was necessary for the survival of the first immigrants. Since, they had not any protection, in order to survive, they should have a self-confidence. When the context in which each principle were developed are understanding, it become easy to appreciate their
...h century historian, claims these strict, hardworking philosophies of puritanical Protestantism laid the foundations of the capitalist society we have today.
The protestant reformation of 16th century had both: immediate and long term effects. Thus, we can see that it was a revolution of understanding the essence of religion, and of what God is. The protestant reformation is said to a religious movement. However, it also influenced the economical, political and social life of people. The most global, short term effect of the reformation was the reevaluation of beliefs, and, as a result, the loss of authority of the Holy Roman Empire. The long term effects were: the emergence of new heretical movements, the declining of papacy, thus the reevaluation of people’s view on the church and life values.
Max Weber’s outlines his views on religion and capitalism in his book, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Weber held the important theory that an individual’s views are significant in promoting social change, not material things as believed by former theorists. In his work, Weber compares two waves of “the calling” as preached by different Protestant leaders and describes the teaching and spread of ascetic beliefs among followers. This paper considers the context of the calling, explores the outward signs of grace which helped develop capitalism and, lastly, how capitalism, through rationalization, transformed Calvinist ideals for its advancement. According to Weber’s findings, individualistic views arose through Protestant beliefs.
Weber, Max, (trans. Talcott Parsons), The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, (2nd edn.), London, Allen & Unwin, 1976.
Moving to the post World War II era, the evangelical coalition began to appeal to the older generations, to the Hollywood population, and to leaders in Washington D.C. Soon after the war, the religious conflicts that infected fundamentalism in the 1920’s were no longer relevant. Protestantism, in its mainline form, had become much more evangelical in its’ nature and its’ sects became much more interested in becoming recognized publicly. Many historians agree that, “what has not often been recognized, however, is that one of the most important driving forces behind the postwar resurgence of religion was a cadre o...
The Protestant Reformation, also known as the Reformation, was the 16th-century religious, governmental, scholarly and cultural upheaval that disintegrated Catholic Europe, setting in place the structures and beliefs that would define the continent in the modern era (Staff, 2009). The Catholic Church begun to dominate local law and practice almost everywhere starting in the late fourteenth century. The Catholic Church held a tight hold on the daily lives of the people invading just about every part of it. Some people of this time would decide to stand up to the church and attempt to change the way it operated and make it release some of its control. These people who spoke out against the church came to be known as Protestants. The Protestants
Max Weber’s work The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism is arguably one of the most important works in all of sociology and social theory, both classical and modern. In the decades since its inception, this work has gone on to influence generations of social scientists with its analysis of the effect of Protestantism on the development of modern industrial capitalism. This work, examining such broad topics as religion, economics, and history, is not only an interesting and insightful look into the history of the development of capitalism, but a major work in laying a foundation for future works of social theory. Max Weber’s main contention in this work is that what he calls the “Protestant Ethic” played a vital role in fostering the development of industrial capitalism in Europe and the United States. The Protestant Ethic was the idea found in some sects of Protestantism that one had a duty to God to succeed in their life’s work, but were bound to a lifestyle of asceticism that prevented them from spending the wealth they earned on themselves.
Religion is a very difficult topic to approach. To discuss religion, is to walk through a mine field. Everyone is entitled to their own opinion and beliefs. In contemporary America, it is popular now turn from established religions or to have no religion at all. It is not difficult to believe how science and technology played a major role in contemporary religion in America by making our society secular. As our ability to attain knowledge through technology broadens, it allows people to analyze their own religion and interpret it in their own way.
Weber saw religion from a different perspective; he saw it as an agent for change. He challenged Marx by saying that religion was not the effect of some economical social or psychological factor. But that religion was used as a way for an explanation of things that cause other things. Because religious forces play an important role in reinforces our modern culture, Weber came to the conclusion that religion serves as both a cause and an effect. Weber didn’t prose a general theory of religion but focused on the interaction between society and religion. Weber believed that one must understand the role of religious emotions in causing ideal types such as capitalism. He explained the shift in Europe from the other worldliness of Catholicism to the worldliness of early Protestantism; according to Weber this was what initiated the capitalist economic system.