Abstract: The project is done to find out the impact of stock split on the stock market. In our project, we have made use of event study methodology to assess the accuracy of stock price reaction of 39 public listed Indian companies in National Stock Exchange (BSE) in the year 2006 and onwards. The abnormal returns (actual returns-returns from regression line) results were taken for 20 days before and after the announcement date to test whether the result is significant or not (Level of significance=5%). The project shows that there is no significance difference in the price level before the announcement date while after the announcement date, there was a significant difference in the price level for few days(level of significance being 5%) The project supports the hypothesis that Indian stock market is semi strong efficient. Efficiency of stock market: Market efficiency signifies how “quickly and accurately” does relevant information have its effect on the asset prices. Depending upon the degree of efficiency of a market or a sector thereof, the return earned by an investor will vary from the normal return. The efficient market hypothesis states that it is not possible to consistently outperform the market by using any information that the market already knows, except through luck. Information or news in the EMH is defined as anything that may affect prices that is unknowable in the present and thus appears randomly in the future. Introduction: An Event study uses transactions data from financial markets to predict the financial gains and losses associated with newly disseminated information. For example, the announcement of a merger between two firms can be analyzed to make predictions about the potential merger-related changes to the supply and the price of the product(s) subject to the merger Event studies seek to analyse the impact of a specified class of events on the prices of securities. The most widespread use of the event study is in testing the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH). Efficiency is demonstrated by showing that the market response to an event takes place either before the event or very shortly after the event - information is either anticipated or very quickly assimilated. The pioneering work on event study was done by Ball and Brown (1968) and Fama, Fisher, Jensen and Roll (1969) (henceforth referred to as FFJR). The methodologies used in these studies have become a standard technique for testingThe EMH. Over the last two decades a variety of events such as announcement of stock splits, announcement of earnings, mergers and takeovers have been studied by researchers for examining market efficiency.
The events that unfolded on September 11th and the days that followed also profoundly effected the stock market. It is the purpose of this paper is to examine what happened to both the Dow Jones Industrial Average and the NASDAQ after September 11th and how it is similar to events such as the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the Oklahoma City bombing, and the Gulf War in terms of how the stock market experienced a blow and bounced back after a while.
Fama propounded EMH, in 1965, stating that provided all available information is used, market prices will reflect reasonably accurate approximations of the inherent present value of securities; the employment of this information would render agents’ actions rational. Ball expands on this by suggesting that competitive markets lead to costs falling in line with the employment of information.
... shock waves through the world’s financial markets. We more quickly hear and react to financial news, whether good or bad.
A day after the negative financial news has a greater negative impact on the closing price
I introduce the research result on the market volatility and efficiency in the Korean market. Two approaches have been used to analyze the effect of index futures trading on stock market volatility and market efficiency. One approach is to compare the change on stock price volatility and efficiency before and after futures trading is introduced. The other approach is to compare stock price volatility differences and efficient trading between KOSPI 200 stocks and non-KOSPI 200 stocks.
Eugene Fama coined the term, efficient market hypothesis (EMH) in the 1960s. There are three forms of the efficient market hypothesis: the weak, semi-strong and the strong form. The weak form of the EMH states that the past price and volume is indicated by current asset prices. The current market price of security is revealed by the information controlled by previous series of prices. "It is named weak form because the security prices are the most publicly and easily accessible pieces of information. It implies that no one should be able to outperform the market using something that "everybody else knows" (Han, 2008, ¶ 6).
Many research papers have investigated capital market reactions to corporate earnings announcements. When a company announces its earnings for the year (or half year), what is the impact on the share prices. And these studies are referred to as event studies. Event studies examines the impact on the share prices around the time when accounting or earnings information are released. However, the challenging part to it is to ensure that there are no other events happening around the same time which may also have an impact on the share price. (Deegan, 2014)
Market efficiency means that trading values in theory should reflect industry trends, business risk, market growth, etc.
The efficient market hypothesis has been one of the main topics of academic finance research. The efficient market hypotheses also know as the joint hypothesis problem, asserts that financial markets lack solid hard information in making decisions. Efficient market hypothesis claims it is impossible to beat the market because stock market efficiency causes existing share prices to always incorporate and reflect all relevant information . According to efficient market hypothesis stocks always trade at their fair value on stock exchanges, making it impossible for investors to either purchase undervalued stocks or sell stocks for inflated prices. As such, it should be impossible to outperform the overall market through expert stock selection or market timing, and that the only way an investor can possibly obtain higher returns is by purchasing riskier investments . In reality once cannot always achieve returns in excess of average market return on a risk-adjusted basis. They have been numerous arguments against the efficient market hypothesis. Some researches point out the fact financial theories are subjective, in other words they are ideas that try to explain how markets work and behave.
...el, 2003. The Efficient Market Hypothesis and Its Critics, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 17, No. 1, Winter 2003, pp. 59-82.
...t Efficiency and Stock Market Predictability" [Online] Available On: http://www.e-m-h.org/Pesa03.pdf [Accessed On 5 december, 2011].
...emakdej (2007) carried out a research of 100 splits in the Stock Exchange of Thailand and detected significantly negative impact 20 days before and 18 days after the ex-date of the stock split. This was the comparison with other studies that noted positive abnormal returns around the stock split dates. There was also an increase in both the proportion of large shareholders and the number of investors. Trading volumes were found to be lower than before. This study also found the evidence that the systematic risk was lower during the ex-dates but returned to preceding level after the stock split. Another have noted that abnormal returns were found only in the first year after the declaration of the stock. It was also noted that the significant abnormal returns only occurred during the period of 1975-1987 because of lower systematic risk in the New York Stock Exchange.
Chapter 11 closes our discussion with several insights into the efficient market theory. There have been many attempts to discredit the random walk theory, but none of the theories hold against empirical evidence. Any pattern that is noticed by investors will disappear as investors try to exploit it and the valuation methods of growth rate are far too difficult to predict. As we said before the random walk concludes that no patterns exist in the market, pricing is accurate and all information available is already incorporated into the stock price. Therefore the market is efficient. Even if errors do occur in short-run pricing, they will correct themselves in the long run. The random walk suggest that short-term prices cannot be predicted and to buy stocks for the long run. Malkiel concludes the best way to consistently be profitable is to buy and hold a broad based market index fund. As the market rises so will the investors returns since historically the market continues to rise as a whole.
The performances of Current market price of the public sector and private sector banks are analyzed in this section. The Weekly movement of Current market p...
We analyzed the market for two weeks to determine when the equity market would turn from a bearish to bullish market. Without a change in the market and a declining bond price, we decided to invest in equities according to our investment strategy, which brought us into the second phase of our portfolio. Therefore, at the beginning of February we bought shares in Sirius, Microsoft, Neon, Washington Mutual, and Nike. As assumed, the equity market continued to plummet decreasing the value of all our stocks except for our Gold Corporation stock.