Intrigued by Global Care Chain theory and the shifts of elderly care under the national rural-urban migration trend, this study aims to propose the new research direction of the national care chain in China. In the background section, the starting point of Global Care Chain will be followed by the status of elderly care and rural-urban migration contributions in China. Considering methods, this study collects secondary data and designs a survey for quantitative analysis, while conducts interviews for thematic analysis in the case field of Shanghai. The anticipated outcomes section consists of literature implication on China Care Chain, practice implication for elderly care in both rural and urban areas, and policy implication.
1. Background
Global Care Chain (GCC) focuses on the mechanism of global reproduction, care services internationalisation, and care labour migration (Yeates, 2009). According to Yeates (2009) GCC explores the transnational interconnections and inter-dependencies, involving the flow of workers from developing countries to work as paid elder caregivers in developed nations while leaving their own children and parents behind. Global nursing care chain has been found across the various regions, including North America, Western Europe, and parts of Asia (Yeats, 2009; Bettio et al, 2006; Michel and Peng, 2012). There are similarities underlying these care chains, according to Bettio et al (2006) and Yeats (2009), the reasons why this care chain emerge includes: 1) in input countries: population ageing, decreasing birth rates, increasing labour force participation of women, insufficient market and public care provision for elderly people, increasing needs of caregivers, unwillingness of national workers to unde...
... middle of paper ...
... Hurst, W.J., Won, J. and Qiang, L. (2009) Laid-off workers in a workers’ state: unemployment with Chinese characteristics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Li, C. (1991) Influences of the Floating Population on Large Cities and Countermeasures. Beijing: Economy Daily Press.
Michel, S. and Peng, I. (2012) ‘All in the family? Migrants, nationhood, and care regimes in Asia and North America’, Journal of European Social Policy, 4, pp. 406-418.
Yeats, N. (2009) Globalizing care economies and migrant workers: explorations in global care chains. UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Zang, Y. and Wildemuth, B. M. (2009) ‘Qualitative analysis of content’. In Wildemuth B. (Ed.), Applications of social research methods to questions in information and library science. Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited. pp. 308-319.
PDF available: https://www.ischool.utexas.edu/~yanz/Content_analysis.pdf
Leininger’s theory of nursing: Cultural care diversity and universality (1998). Nursing Science Quarterly. 1(152) DOI: 10.1177/089431848800100408
Leininger’s theory involving transcultural nursing focuses on several core concepts including generic folk care, nursing care, and holistic health, according to the Leininger Sunrise Model (Black, 2014). All of these notions, branch into further detailed thoughts.
The Open University (2010) K101 An introduction to health and social care, Unit 1, ‘Care: a family affair’, Milton Keynes, The Open University.
Some of these care services are now provided at home. Other caregivers include families, friends, affordable caregivers, medical professional and voluntary care providers. As a result, there has a shift in the provision of the health care. However, in some countries such as Canada, people refer to get healthcare services from the hospitals rather than homes. It is because of the belief that homes provide low quality-services. These cultural aspects have led to a massive burden on the patients and the caregivers who have to offer the services from their
The author could have employed other methods of qualitative research such as, narrative analysis, grounded theory, discourse analysis, data display and analysis, content analysis and quantifying qualitative data and computer assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAPDAS) (Saunders et al., 2016). Nevertheless, these approaches seem cumbersome sometimes and take a long time to complete (Willig, 1999; Braun and Clarke, 2006 and Smith and Bekker,
Bookman and Kimbrel acknowledge the gap between financial status as well as culture and race, they stated, “.because elders are widely diverse by race and socioeconomic status, their families attach differing cultural meanings to care and have widely different resources with which to accomplish their care goals” (2011). Thus, creating the large gap seen in nursing home facilities. Specifically, cultures like the Chinese maintain traditions like filial piety, in which the adult children must care for their elderly parent (Li & Buechel, 2007). This type of culture defines the line between those who view nursing homes as ideal and those who prefer a separate form of older adult care.
Tina Anselmi-Moulaye’s work as a nurse and nurse-midwife was inspiring to me, particularly in the context of the three days I spent on a Labor and Delivery unit at Peking Union Medical College Hospital in Beijing, China. As a health volunteer, she recognized her passion for traveling and women’s health and had the courage to accept a position with the Peace Corps in Mali (Anselmi-Moulaye 18). She was motivated, eager to learn, and quickly jumped in to help the midwives scrub the babies after delivery. Those personal characteristics enabled her to grow and become more effective and efficient as a global nurse. In addition, she possessed many professional characteristics of an excellent global nurse. She continually sought higher education, earning
The arrival of immigrants to the United States is often associated with fear. Immigrants are vulnerable to attacks if they are cast as threats to the way of American life. A deeper look into immigration policies reveals that immigrant restrictions are seated in racialized notions. Immigrants before the founding of the nation came for the opportunities of a better life. The immigrants who would continue to come thereafter came for much the same reasons. But government policies demonstrate repeated attempts to block the immigration of undesirable immigrant communities.
Another focus for change is that over the years the demand for home and community care over hospital care has continued to grow, as stated by the Queens nursing institute “Recent health policy points to the importance of improving and extending services to meet the health and care needs of an increasingly older population and provide services which may have previously been provided in hospital within community settings”.
Narayanasamy, A. (2002) The ACCESS model: a transcultural nursing practice framework. British Journal of Nursing, 11, (9), 643-650.
Zhu, Y. & Warner, M. (2000). “An Emerging model of employment relations in China: a divergent path from the Japanese?” International Business Review, 2000, Vol.9 (3), pp.345-361. [03 April 2014]
One of the goals of nursing is to respect the human rights, values and costumes of a patient and his or her family and with the community as a whole. The International Council of Nurses states that nursing practice can be defined generally as a dynamic, caring, helping relationship in which the nurse assists the client to achieve and maintain optimal health. As health care providers, we have some fundamental responsibilities such as to promote health, to prevent illnes...
In the 1950s, Dr Madeleine M. Leininger noticed to cultural differences between patients and nurses while working with emotionally disturbed children. This clinical experience led her in 1954 to study cultural differences in the perceptions of care. In 1965, she earned a doctorate in cultural anthropology from the University of Washington. She recognized that one of anthropology’s most important contributions to nursing was the realization that health and illness states are strongly influenced by culture. She is the one contributes to the development of stra...
The theory is now considered a discipline in nursing. The Culture Care Theory first appeared in Leininger’s Culture Care Diversity and Universality, published in 1991, but it was developed in the 1950s (Kaakinen, Coehlo, Steele, Tabacco, & Hanson, 2015). The theory was further developed in her book Transcultural Nursing, which was published in 1995. In the third edition of Transcultural Nursing, published in 2002, the theory-based research and the application of the Transcultural theory are explained (Kaakinen et al.,