Background
Due to rapid economic growth, vehicle ownership is increasing worldwide, and at an alarming rate. As per the Global Vehicle Population report [1], in 2013 there is a 25% increase in private car transport since 1990. According to Ward’s Research, in 2009, global registrations were 980 million units and increased to 1.015 billion in 2010 (increase of about 3.6% in just one year). These numbers are significantly close to the projections made by Dargay et al., 2007 with vehicle ownership expected to cross 2 billion in 2030. Improving infrastructure and driving facilities have also caused an increase in the daily trip rates per household. Because of improving facilities for driving and increasing vehicle population, the rate of green gas emission is rising. In an effort to decrease CO¬¬2 emissions, a commonly implemented strategy is electrification of vehicles i.e. substituting power-up through gasoline by power-up through electricity. Even though the concept was brought out briefly in 1834 (the exact year is uncertain), it vanished until late 1990s when environmental concerns took the forefront and with adoption of the Kyoto Protocol. As part of electrification, hybrid vehicles (HEV) were introduced in market to run both on electricity and gasoline. This was followed by HEVs with larger batteries known as plug-in electric vehicles (PHEVs) which are charged using the electric grid, thus reducing the dependency on fuel or gasoline. However, even though green-house gas emissions due to vehicle pollution reduced, increase in overall vehicle ownership and trip rates still accounted for pollution due to gas emissions. Hence, the introduction of pure battery-operated electric vehicles (BEVs) gave a promising alternative for a clea...
... middle of paper ...
..., Wang, W., Kobayashi, Y., & Shirai, K. (2012, March). Remaining driving range estimation of electric vehicle. In Electric Vehicle Conference (IEVC), 2012 IEEE International (pp. 1-7). IEEE.
Franke, T., Neumann, I., Bühler, F., Cocron, P., & Krems, J. F. (2012). Experiencing range in an electric vehicle: understanding psychological barriers.Applied Psychology, 61(3), 368-391.
Caperello, N. D., & Kurani, K. S. (2012). Households’ stories of their encounters with a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. Environment and behavior, 44(4), 493-508.
Thiel, C., Alemanno, A., Scarcella, G., Zubaryeva, A., & Pasaoglu, G. (2012). Attitude of European car drivers towards electric vehicles: a survey. JRC report.
Deck, C., Lee, J., Reyes, J., & Rosen, C. (2010). Measuring risk aversion on multiple tasks: Can domain specific risk attitudes explain apparently inconsistent behavior? 2010.
The Automotive, or electric car industry particularly, comprises all those companies and activities involved in the manufacture of electric motor vehicles (EV), including most components, such as engines, bodies and rechargeable batteries or another energy storage device. The industry’s principal products are passenger automobiles. Despite the fact that the first electric cars were produced in 1880s , the advances in internal combustion engines, especially the electric starter, soon diminished the relative advantages of the electric car and became the dominant design in the market. Due to this the EV was almost a forgotten industry staying in the early stage of development, conforming to less than 1% of the automotive stock
In "Femininity and the Electric Car," Virginia Scharff examines the electric car, its history, and the targeted customers at which it was aimed.
When General Motors manufactured the first electric car known as the EV1 they did not fully have in mind it’s affect on the buyers. Although there were consumers who were concerned at the time with bettering the environment around them, majority of them were not. The idea of an electric car seemed barbaric and without the buyers, the seller begins to fail. A consumer by the name of Charles Murray (2007), and author of the article I Killed the Electric Car talks about his guiltiness as a consum...
In the July 1997 issue of Commentary, James Q. Wilson challenges the consensus among academia’s finest regarding the automobile in his bold article, Cars and Their Enemies. Directed towards the general public, his article discredits many of the supposed negatives of the automobile raised by experts, proves that the personal car is thriving and will continue to thrive because it meets individual preference over other means of transportation, as well as presents solutions to the social costs of cars. Wilson emphasizes that no matter what is said and done in eliminating the social costs of the automobile, experts are not going to stop campaigning against it.
I bet you didn't know that the first cars made were all mostly electric. But as time passed gas powered cars became more popular through the years. There were few if any electric cars available as timed moved on. Everyone believed that gas powered vehicles were more convenient than the electric powered ones. I believe that gas powered vehicles are better because gas powered cars have more function ability. The range that electric vehicles have is poor compared to gas vehicles. Electric vehicles don't function very well when the weather is cold. You'll need to charge your car pretty much every night. You are only going to be able to go 80 mph. If you go up a big hill your range goes down. electric vehicles (rather ev's) do pollute but they don't pollute the same way that gas cars pollute.
A revolutionary environmental impact to pollution is provided by electric cars which produce zero emissions and provide a replenishable fuel resource. Toxic emissions into our earth’s environment would be reduced immediately as gas powered, pollution emitting vehicles are replaced with non-polluting, battery powered vehicles. Not only will pollution be reduced, but the means that power these vehicles are a renewable resource. Electricity can now be created by environmentally safer means, such as hydro-electric dams, wind farms, and various types of power plants proving a sound resource. With a safer, less polluting, renewabl...
In the future the global car market is full of potential. There are currently 44 million vehicles and by the year 2002 experts estimate that number will grow to 64 million. That growth is not expected to be in the US, rather in countries such as: China, India, The Pacific Rim, South Africa, and South America. In America, a current trend is for the neighborhood car dealer to be purchased by a large manufacturer, such as GM, so cars can be sold through retail outlets. Other future endeavors include low emission cars, which are expected to provide expansions in sales. Some major automakers are investing in fuel cells, devices that convert liquid hydrogen into elec...
Currently electric vehicles are slowing becoming popular with some already on show room floors. Furthermore, there are many enthusiasts and groups that have really been pushing their use. Tough these cars do not share the same performance qualities of some gas-powered cars; the current technology has been rapidly catching up. Hybrid vehicles have offered in some ways the best of both worlds. The cars are environmentally friendly yet offer the power and distance capabilities of other cars on the market. Furthermore, there have been many ways of supplying electricity to the cars including home-rechargeable batteries and hydrogen power. Electric vehicles are a definite possibility for the future because they have the lowest emissions while driving.
Environmental concerns have been raised from time to time because of the dependency on the gasoline-fueled engine as the chief auto powertrain technology. This has resulted in exposing many automobile users to unpredictable prices of fuel. These issues were, however, the reason for the inception of Tesla Motors so as to bring into existence another set of automotive which serves the similar purpose; but uses another form of energy that being electricity to drive them instead of the disadvantageous gasoline-powered engine. This invention was influenced by a number of factors in terms of their planning and performance (Hunger, 2010).
Imagine that you’re driving on an open highway in the middle of summer. All you see in front of you is asphalt for miles and miles. The windows are down and your favorite song comes on the radio. You’re behind the wheel of a Tesla Model S, the newest electric car that can go from zero to sixty miles per hour in 2.4 seconds. This will soon be the future of all motor vehicles. Electric cars are beginning to have colossal impacts on our society because of their energy efficiency, performance benefits, and the fact that they are less harmful to the environment. In the near future, electric cars will dominate the road and eventually the planet’s overall need for oil will decrease immensely.
In this case study I will be discussing advantages and disadvantages of electric cars. Electric cars are cars that are powered by electricity. Electric vehicles are an important part of cutting emissions and reducing global warming. The battery of an electric car stores electrical energy. The electric motor is coupled to the wheels through gears; it converts 59-60% of electrical energy into the wheels. The battery runs the motor which allows the car to move. Electric cars are necessary as they will save money, because electricity is cheaper than gas. Also electric vehicles will help reduce global warming and pollution. However, some people say that electric cars still have environmental costs. The electricity used to recharge EV batteries has to come from somewhere in the world, and now, most electricity is generated by burning fossil fuels. Although electric vehicles are classified as green cars, purists will not appreciate the toxicity of the batteries.
Environmentally Friendly Electric vehicles are today’s zero-emission vehicles. They have no tailpipes and emit no pollutants. Instead of gasoline from oil refineries, electric vehicles get their “fuel” from electric power stations. Although power plants using fossil fuels do have emissions, power plant emissions generated for electric vehicle use are typically much lower than emissions from the comparable use of gasoline-powered cars. For power plants using renewable energy sources like wind, solar and hydropower, no air pollution is created.
Most people today fill up their car with different qualities of petrol, because that's what the average car takes. They don't usually consider an alternative for the petrol that they load into their cars. Although petrol is widely used, it is not the only source for a car to get its power from; diesel and electricity are alternatives to the general petrol used by most cars. Although different from each other, diesel and electricity are alternatives to the average gasoline received at a gas station. Diesel is a more concentrated type of fuel that is usually used by big automobiles because they require a lot of power in a little amount of time. Electricity is a method that uses the power of batteries to produce a low horsepower but, nevertheless fast automobile. Electric cars are generally created to be soundless and environment friendly. The purpose of this paper is to classify and educate the reader of the different types of fuel available for an automobile to use: petrol, diesel, and electricity. The general petrol, used by most people, is usually the only type of fuel accepted on the average car in the United States today.
Automobiles and its related manufacturing contribute to the degradation of the environment causing great concerns from consumers, governments, policy makers and environmentalists, regarding the economy and global warming. This resulted in market changes, due to new environmental laws, legislations, standards, product requirements and consumer wants. The gasoline engine produces emissions that are deadly for the environment, hence the big race by the automobile producers to develop an efficient alternative fuel/energy for powering its vehicles. Deloite (2014) ‘In 2012, new Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards were released in the U.S. that requires automakers to raise the average fuel efficiency of new cars and trucks to 54.5 MPG by 2025.’ (“Global Automotive Consumer Study”, 2014, p.4) The industry is engaged in research and development to develop more efficient internal combustion engines, electric vehicles (EVs), plug-in hybrids, and vehicles powered by natural gas. The government offers incentives in the form of rebates for the purchase and sale of energy efficient
There is no doubt that electric cars are the most appealing from of transportation in the world. They provide two of the most important key points of good transportation: reliable and efficient. They are reliable due to their simplicity of their power trains and the advancement of technology they have. They are efficient because they don't use any gasoline and because their motors can pass the zero-emission standard. Even though they may seem like a boring form of transportation, they offer good features that help keep the Earth's air clean and they help reduce pollution.