Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Lab report 17 fermentation by bacteria
Fermentation investigation
Fermentation
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Lab report 17 fermentation by bacteria
Immobilization of enzymes is one of promising methods in enzymes performances enhancement, such as stability, recovery, and reusability. However, investigation of suitable solid support in enzyme immobilization is still the one of problems to prevent the reduction of enzymes activity. Polyethersulfone (PES) and aminated PES (PES-NH2) as novel materials for the immobilization were successfully synthesized. Structure of synthesized polymers were characterized by NMR, FTIR, and MALDI-TOF. The membranes based on PES and PES-NH2 with various pore sizes (from 10 to 600 nm) was fabricated to be applied as bioreactor to increase the immobilized lipase performances. The influences of pore sizes, concentration of additives, and the presence of functional groups on PES backbone toward enzyme loading and enzyme activities were studied. The largest enzyme loading was obtained by the immobilization of Mucor miehei onto PES-NH2 membrane composed of 10% of PES-NH2, 8% of DBP, and 5% of PEG (872.62 g/cm2). Activity of immobilized lipase was determined by hydrolysis reaction of pNPA and methanol to produce pNP which showed the hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by immobilized lipase onto synthesized PES (10%) membrane represented the highest enzyme activity value (568.48 mmol pNP min-1 cm-2). From the reusability test, the immobilized lipase onto PES-NH2 showed better constancy than the immobilized lipase onto PES by four times of reactions which indicated that this novel material is potential to be developed as bioreactor on enzymatic reaction. Keywords: Aminated PES, solid support, Mucor miehei, enzymatic reaction, lipase immobilization 1. Introduction Lipase, also known as triacylglycerol ester hydrolase (EC3.1.1.3), is one of inter... ... middle of paper ... ...ovic, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechol. 49 (1998), 267-271. [23] L. Giorno, E. Drioli, TIBTECH 18 (2000) 339-349. [24] S.C. Stamatoglou and J.M. Keller, The Journal of Cell Biology, 96 (1983) 1820-1823. [25] M.G.Wolf, M. Hoefling, C.A. Santamaria, H. Grupmuller, G. Groenhof, Journal of Computational Chem. 31 (2010) 2169-2174 [26] T. Tosa, T. Mori, N. Fuse, I. Chibata, Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 9 (1967) 603-615 [27] L.A. Nelson, T.A. Foglia, W.N. Marmer, JAOCS, 73 (1996) 1191-1195. [28] G. Pozinak, B. Krajewska, and W. Trochimczuk, Biomaterials, 16 (1995) 129-134. [29] M.T. Sho, F. R. Eirich, H. Strathmann, and R. W. Baker, Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition, 11 (1973) 201-205. [30] D.S. Marsman, NTP Toxicity Report, 30 (1995) 5-93. [31] N. Handayani, N. Miletic, K. Loos, S. Achmad, and D. Wahyuningrum, Sains Malaysiana, 40 (2011) 965-972.
Physical Chemistry Laboratory Manual, Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Spring 2006.
Modern biotechnology was born at the hands of American scientists Herb Boyer and Stain Cohen, when they developed “recombinant deoxyribonucleotide, (rDNA), [1] for medicinal purposes. Subsequently, biotechnologists started genetically engineering agricultural plants using this technology. A single gene responsible for a certain trait, from one organism (usually a bacterium) is selected altered and then ‘spliced” into the DNA of a plant to create an agricultural crop consisting of that...
Scibd. N.p. Web. 17 Mar 2014. Beller, Michele.
A group of polymer chains can be organised together in a fiber. How the polymer chains are put together is important, as it improves the properties of the material. The flexibility, strength and stiffness of Kevlar fiber, is dependent on the orientation of the polymer chains. Kevlar fiber is an arrangement of molecules, orientated parallel to each other. This orderly, untangled arrangement of molecules is described as a “Crystalline Structure”. A manufacturing process known as ‘Spinning’ is needed to achieve this Crystallinity structure. Spinning is a process that involves forcing the liquefied polymer solution through a ‘die’ (small holes).
Thavaselvam, Duraipandian, and Rajagopalan Vijayaraghavan. "Abstract." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 29 Dec. 0005. Web. 04 May 2014.
Ward, D. E., Jemal, D. A., Cokkinides, D. V., Singh, D. G., Cardinez, C., Ghafoor, A., et al. (2008, December 31). . Wiley Online Library. Retrieved April 29, 2014, from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.3322/canjclin.54.2.78/full
Meyer, Kurt D., and Lubo Zhang. "Abstract." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 30 July 2005. Web. 16 Sept. 2013.
Cain, M. L., Urry, L. A., & Reece, J. B. (2010). Campbell Biology. Benjamin Cummings.
Schreuder, Jolanda A. H.; Roelen, Corné A. M.; van Zweeden, Nely F.; Jongsma, Dianne; van der Klink, Jac J. L.; Groothoff, Johan W.
Thickett, Geoffrey. Chemistry 2: HSC course. N/A ed. Vol. 1. Milton: John Wiley & Sons Australia, 2006. 94-108. 1 vols. Print.
Kukreja, R., & Singh, B. (2005, September 22). Result Filters. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved April 15, 2014, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16179354
23. S. Alwarappan, S. Boyapalle, A. Kumar, C.-Z. Li and S. Mohapatra, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2012, 116, 6556–6559
Jena, Anupam B., Seth Seabury, Darius Lakdawalla, and Amitabh Chandra. "Abstract." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 18 Aug. 2011. Web. 01 May 2014.
Plontke, R. (2003, March 13). Chemnitz UT. TU Chemnitz: - Technische Universität Chemnitz. Retrieved April 1, 2014, from http://www.tu-chemnitz.de/en/
J. Losos, K. Mason, S. Singer, based on the work of P. Raven, & G. Johnson, Biology, 8th ed., (McGraw-Hill Education (Asia), Singapore, 2008), pp. 994-995.