In today’s revolution oriented environment, multimedia contents play a vital role in a wide range of applications, products and services. The high usage of these contents demand efficient searching and indexing for users. This demand has drawn substantial research attention towards image retrieval systems in the last few decades. Many great methods have been proposed, which offer numerous advantages like the following.
(i) These techniques are fully automatic and avoid the manual errors of text-based systems.
(ii) These techniques avoid complex tasks like annotation and also increase the accuracy of retrieval.
(iii) These techniques also reduce the amount of garbage, that is, irrelevant images retrieved.
(iv) These techniques, while computationally expensive, are more accurate than conventional image indexing.
In these systems, there exists a tradeoff between accuracy and computational cost. This tradeoff decreases as more efficient algorithms are utilized and increased computational power thus making it inexpensive. Moreover, the existing systems produce efficient results with small and medium sized image databases, but are generally ill-suited when applied to large sized image databases. This research work designs and proposes techniques to improve the process of image retrieval from large databases in terms of accuracy and speed. This chapter presents the proposed research methodology and introduces various techniques and methods used to develop the proposed CBIR systems.
3.1. RESEARCH DESIGN
In general, given an image space, F, Feature space, X, such that f : F X (X = {x1, x2, …, xn}) and query image P, the proposed CBIR system retrieves a set of images M from image database S which satisfy Equation...
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...The techniques proposed in each of these phases are described in the subsequent sections.
3.2. PHASE I : PREPROCESSING
Preprocessing in CBIR systems is the process of preparing the template and query images into a form that improves the process of feature detection and image retrieval. The preprocessing step of the proposed CBIR system consists of two tasks, which are, color space conversion and image resizing. Popularly used color spaces include RGB (Red-Green-Blue) and HSV (Hue-Saturation-Value). Both the color space models produce good results but its performance degrades with complex scene images. As the color distance in the RGB space is not the same as human perception of color distance, the study transforms images from RGB color space to another modified space. A modified color spaces is proposed, which is based on RGB, HSV and YCbCr color space models.
The results that she gained showed that using PECS as a way for improving communication skills is beneficial. Children who were now able to make sentence strips “I want” plus desired object, are also able to use concepts such as color, size, and number. After doing this experiment, many reports from parents were receive saying how it is much easier to communicate with their children. Also, some comments were received from teachers indicating how autistic children have improved in their ability to take part in classroom
Color is widely remarked as one of the most demonstrative visual features, and as such it has been largely studied in the context of CBIR, thus number one to a rich variety of descriptors. As traditional color features used in CBIR, there are color histogram, color correlogram, and dominant color descriptor (DCD) [1,3,4]. A simple color similarity between two images can be
Susan Sontag discusses the reality of the modern person’s addiction with “needing to have reality confirmed” by photos. Sontag says “we accept it as the camera records it” then goes to say “this is the opposite of understanding.” I agree with her wholeheartedly, as accepting photos as they are limits ones understanding of the world. The trust in photography led to the rise of pictures hoaxes, in which people take pictures out of context and assign it a new background; as well as Photoshop, which becomes increasingly popular as the years go by. Photoshop allows one to manipulate a photo to portray what they desire it to.
From many points of views, it can be considered as the starting point. The team working with it has a dream to make more objects recognition which is context base. They also have a desire to make the recognition more interactive. A new and exceptional feature has been suggested where a particular part of an image can be tapped and the information can be heard.
Information Retrieval (IR) is to represent, retrieve from storage and organise the information. The information should be easily access. User will be more interested with easy access information. Information retrieval process is the skills of searching for documents, for information within documents and for metadata about documents, as well as that of searching relational databases and the World Wide Web. According to (Shing Ping Tucker, 2008), E-commerce is rapidly a growing segment in the internet.
Search Engines are specialized programs that facilitate the retrieval of data from the Internet, on a business related network or on a personal computer system. They allow users to ask for contents meeting certain criteria usually involving a certain word or phrase, then gives a list of articles that matches those words or phrases. There are number of different engines that can be used for different types of searches and can be narrowed for optimal results.
If you are designing anything using colors, you should be familiar with the two most basic and well-known color models: RGB and CMY. For most purposes, what you really should be interested in is that RGB color is used for digital communication, like televisions or websites and CMY is used for printing.
Sathya, A.S. and B.P. Simon, A document retrieval system with combination terms using genetic algorithm. International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering, 2010. 2(1): p. 1-6.
[7] Elmasri & Navathe. Fundamentals of database systems, 4th edition. Addison-Wesley, Redwood City, CA. 2004.
... will combine both techniques which are AdaBoost algorithm and colour detection to detect the human face.
I have been waiting for such a perfect opportunity to purchase my dream computer; the MacBook Pro, manufactured by Apple that weighs 2.02 kg. Getting the right specification was the breakthrough because, even more, my desire for the 15-inch laptop computer. The 15-inch computer has over 5 million pixels, which gives it a stunning look, with images taking a new level of pragmatism. It has an impressive 2880-by-1880 resolution that enables the eyes to view more of high-resolution images. Besides, it has a Retina display , which minimizes glare, maintaining an incredible quality and color. As a result, the high contrast ratio makes black images look blacker while white images look whiter. The inclusive IPS technology allows the user to view everything on the screen at a 178-degrees angle.
Information Retrieval is simply a field concerned with organizing information. In other terms, IR is emphasizing the range of different materials that need to be searched. Others researcher said that IR is the contrast between the strong structure and typing a database system with the lack of structure in the objects typically searched in IR. The actual process in information retrieval systems is it has to deal with incomplete or under specified information in the form of the queries issued by users. IR uses the techniques of storing and recovering and often disseminating recorded data especially through the use of a computerized system.
...roprietary colour specification systems such as PANTONE and COLORCURVE. These vendors are likely to give their colour specification systems in a small form to plug into colour managers.” The topic of what white and black is has always been a challenge. We know that white means no color and black means all colors in the visible spectrum. “In additive image reproduction, the white point is the chromaticity of the colour reproduced by equal red, green and blue components. White point is a function of the point of power in the primaries.” ( BW Tek 2011)
This white paper identifies some of the considerations and techniques which can significantly improve the performance of the systems handling large amounts of data.
The Database Management System (DBMS) is software that enables the users to define, create, maintain and control the access to the database. It is a software that interact with the user’s applications programs and it database. Meanwhile, information retrieval system is a system that involved the activity that the systems obtain the information. The obtaining information action need the information from it resources.