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Conservation of animals in zoos
Conservation of animals in zoos
Relation between animals and humans in history
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The continuous shaping of America’s overall social, economical, and political systems correlates with how humans and animals interact. Helen Horowitz, Andrew Isenberg, Bonnie Clause, and Etienne Benson are some of the historians that have connected the treatment, view, and placement of animals in the American society throughout the developing of the country. These historians showcased animals that were used for things such as medical research, the displaying of wealth, as well as monetary gain. Although each of them focused on different animals, points in time, and issues; they all we similar by the way they valued and related human and animal interactions to how America’s history formed.
Horowitz’s Article, “Animal and Man in the Zoological Park” suggested that the people who were mainly responsible for the New York Zoological Park reflected their personal interest into the formation and organization of the Animals. The wealthy people and politicians that gave donations and voted in Favor of building the Zoo were white idealist that believed that they had to maintain the purity that was left in America. Their views of an American Utopia would most likely been set up similar to the zoo, in the sense that how the cages and habitats separated the animals in same way social class, political positions, wealth and race would divide the American people. The few controlling the majority like how they control and separate the animals was how the envisioned their American. In many ways their Utopia society was how the country was maintained for a very long time. The main purpose to show off their wealth by the generous donations was not understated, even though the tried hide behind the façade o...
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... the Eastern Grey Squirrel.The differences with how each animal was accepted by society just show how human rejection is very unpredictable.
My favorite animal is a Monkey; I always had an unhealthy obsession with them since I was a young child. For my final assignment/ research paper I would like it to focus the history of why and how monkeys were brought to the United States for use of medical research, and entertainment.
Works Cited
•Helen Horowitz, “Animal and Man in the New York Zoological Park,” New York History 56, no. 4 (Oct. 1975): 426-455.
•Andrew Isenberg, “The Returns of the Bison,” Environmental History 2, no. 2 (Apr., 1997): 179-196.
•Bonnie Clause, “The Wistar Rat as a Right Choice: Establishing Mammalian Standards and the Ideal of the Standardized Mammal,” Journal of the History of Biology 26, no. 2 (Summer, 1993): 329-349
The Species of the World. A people's history of the United States. (2003 ed.) In: The Journal of Science.
Taylor, Angus. Magpies, monkeys, and morals: what philosophers say about animal liberation. Peterborough, Ont.: Broadview Press, 1999.
Regan, Tom. “The Case for Animal Rights.” In Defense of Animals. Ed. Peter Singer. New York:
For many years before the exploration and colonization of America the English lived alongside domesticated animals and considered them to be a vital component of civilization. When migrating to the new colonies, the English sought to create a land comparable to life in England. However, while animals were imperative to life in England, they were quickly marginalized in the colonies. While the colonists were busy cultivating food crops and tobacco, they allowed their animals to wander into the forests to find food and many of the livestock became feral. The livestock then began encroaching on Indian cultivated fields and the domesticated animals became a means of conflict and war between Native Americans and the English in the years after
Art Spiegelman decided on a very interesting, and possibly offensive to some, scheme of different animals to use. The first type of animal that appears is the mouse (Maus 1 p. 5). Mice were used to represent the Jewish people during the Holocaust as well as the present day. Polish police were involved in the first arrest of Jewish persons (Maus 1 p. 27). Polish people were represented with pigs. Once the Germans appeared, the scheme of the animals began to make sense (Maus 1 p. 33). Germans were shown by the use of cats. The last animal to appear were the dogs (Maus 2 p. 12). The dogs are Americans, and were always friendly to the Jewish people.
Humans and animals have always coexisted together for as long as man could remember and exist. They would hunt each other for survival, sometimes man would come out as the victor, and sometimes it was the animal. Mankind would feast on them like they would feast on us. With time, this relationship would change. The animals would become our companions as well as being our food. They would become our hunting tools, such as in tracking prey. They would later be used as our means of transport and also as labor tools, such as when humans would need help working on their farmland. Let’s not forget that they also provide us with entertainment, such as in a zoo or as a circus attraction. Although only some cultures still consider some animals as sacred, most of us look down on them, consider them inferior to us. There was however a time when we worshipped them more and even admired them. We will explore this worship and admiration of animals in this essay as we compare and contrast the depictions of animals in the Upper Paleolithic period in cave arts and in Ancient Egypt in order to identify the presence of a shift, if there was one, in our reverence of animals in between both periods.
...es to places to display animals for curiosity and education, to parks where animals can be seen in their more natural habitats. The perception around enclosures and cages in general is often criticised, with Bartay and Hardouin believing that “every aspect of humanity’s relationship with nature can be perceived through the bars of the zoological garden: repulsion and fascination; the impulse to appropriate, master and understand… linked to vast parallel histories of colonization, ethnocentrism and the discovery of the other… to tour the cages of the zoo is to understand the society that erected them.” (Bishop, 2004: 107). This suggests regardless of an enclosure’s size, nature or specification it is a direct indication of humanity’s desire to control and exhibit animal others. Malamud agrees with this view, arguing that all practises of animal containment “convince
Thousands of zoos worldwide are visited by citizens yearly to admire and satisfy their curiosity of the beautiful wild animals that mother nature has to offer. Zoos have been around for hundreds of years and have become a known tradition for numerous school field trips and family outings. The ongoing debate between animal rights activists and zoo officials remains, should wild animals be taken from their natural habitats to live in city zoos for education and entertainment purposes?
A certain state of nature existed for much of the history of the earth where ecosystems and species competed and selected for/against each other, causing evolutionary change. At the point where humans started to domesticate other creatures (by selecting based on simplified understandings of characteristics which was different from those previously selected for), a new era began. This new era created new ethical questions because we developed an inter-species relationship previously non-existent. J. Baird Callicott’s extension of Aldo Leopold’s land ethic addresses a possible ethic toward wild and domestic animals, but doesn’t sufficiently examine why we should treat domestic animals differently than humans and wild animals. Accepting Callicott’s ethic toward wild animals, I argue that domestic animals have evolved to become members in the human ecosystem and should be treated in that way, rather than eliminated (Callicott), treated poorly (factory farms), or liberated (animals libera...
Armstrong, Susan Jean, and Richard George Botzler. The Animal Ethics Reader. London ;New York, NY: Routledge, 2008. Print.
As an advocate of animal rights, Tom Regan presents us with the idea that animals deserve to be treated with equal respect to humans. Commonly, we view our household pets and select exotic animals in different regard as oppose to the animals we perceive as merely a food source which, is a notion that animal rights activists
Wyckoff, Jason, and M.A Bertz. "The Animal Rights Debate: Abolition or Regulation? - By Gary L. Francione & Robert Garner." Journal of Applied Philosophy 28.4 (2011): 414-16. Print.
Sikes, Roberts. and William L. Gannon. "Guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists for the Use of Wild Mammals in Research." Journal of Mammalogy 92.1 (Feb. 2011): 235-253. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 5 Oct. 2011.
In “The White Heron” the heron was protected from the hunter by a girl. The girl could represent a zoo while the young hunter could represent people who exploit animals for personal reasons, such as money. Zoos promote the awareness of animals that are going extinct. This would allow for people to help fund the repopulation of those animals. If more people are aware of new animals on the endangered species list, there is more of a chance that researchers will get more funds. Zoos also make habitats for animals on the verge of extinction where otherwise there would be none. There is some controversy between zoos and endangered species. Because of the limited gene pool of a species, the variation is limited greatly. This will –as an end result- lead to inbreeding which will create mutations and defects in the offspring.
Humans and other vertebrates have been in a dynamic relationship thousands of years. Animals have been used in many aspects of human lives various ways, directly for instance as, farm animals, companion animals, animals in entertainment industries. Animals have also been associated with humans indirectly such as in medical research. In Canada, human and non-human animals interactions do fall under these categories, Farm animals comprise of largest group, there are between 100 million to 1 billion animals in this category. Followed by companion animals, this group comprises between 10 million to 100 million animals. Third category is consists of animals that are used in science has a range of 1 million to 10 million. Last and smallest category is of captive wild animals for entertainment which has less than 1 million animals. In following paragraphs will provide more details about the each category’s animal use in Canada in past recent years.