1. INTRODUCTION
The project illustrated here is related to our day to day life where we have to purchase things and we have constraints with us i.e. with in given constraints of money we have to manage our budget efficiently.
The project includes of a buyer , who has to invest his money for purchasing items. Every item is associated with a price and also has a margin. The margin indicates the profit which the buyer gets when he sells that item.
This is quite similar to knapsack problem where we have weight of knapsack and items with weights and their associated profit value. By relating this application with knapsack, here weight of bag is considered as total money that the buyer has and the items weights related to item price and the value in knapsack is related to the profit margin .
The knapsack problem is NP problem which means that it can’t be solved in polynomial amount of time , so the project uses Genetic Algorithm to implement this.
There are some real life examples where we can implement this application for e.g.
• In a stationary shop we have many stationary items like pen, pencils, notebooks and many others. So how a shopkeeper should decide to keep items in the shop which will give him maximum profit when he have limited money to purchase things.
• In canteen or any other food place there are many items like burgers, sandwiches, cold drinks and so on , so how one select items with in limited budget can be done with this application.
For future work with the help of self learning techniques we will make the application better. Learning will give some better results and most appropriate solutions.
2. LITRATURE SURVEY
2.1 0/1 KNAPSACK PROBLEM
The 0/1 knapsack problem is a problem in combi...
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...e local optima .A few researchers used diversity measure to control the search direction of evolutionary algorithms.
By means of mixing adaptive crossover and mutation with diversity-guided mutation and modifying adaptive crossover strategies ,an adaptive genetic algorithm with diversity-guided mutation(MHAGA)was developed[8].It is proved that AGADM will converge to the global optimum ,but(AGA)do not always do so . AGADM to solve 0-1 knapsack problem, and use the greedy transform algorithm to repair infeasible solution and the problem of insufficient backpack resource utilization. therefore, AGADM based on greedy algorithm(named Modified Hybrid Adaptive Genetic Algorithm, MHAGA).
2.3.5 MODIFIED ADAPTIVE OPERATORS
Crossover and mutation are the key which affects behavior and performance of GA. Adaptive crossover and mutation probabilities of individuals (denoted
Star Appliance is looking to expand their product line and is considering three different projects: dishwashers, garbage disposals, and trash compactors. We want to determine which project would be worth doing by determining if they will add value to Star. Thus, the project(s) that will add the most value to Star Appliance will be worth pursuing. The current hurdle rate of 10% should be re-evaluated by finding the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). Then by forecasting the cash flows of each project and discounting them by the WACC to find the net present value, or by solving for the internal rate of return, we should be able to see which projects Star should undertake.
Most fitness-related traits are a mixture of many genes. This makes it hard to pin down the adaptations as a result of the actions of one gene.
This analysis shows that the projects NPV as 13.37 million dollar. Our result is slightly different than the presenting team because of rounding. But both of our teams had positive NPV which suggest that the project should be accepted.
The relation of the rate of evolution by draft and the population is imbalance means the evolution increase if the population becomes smaller.
This project belongs in the engineering-efficiency category; therefore, it has to fit at least 3 of 4 performance hurdles, which are 1. Impact on EPS; 2.Payback; 3.Discounted cash flow and 4. Internal rate of return.
Lululemon’s has to produce and sell 150,000 jackets in order to cover their total expenses, fixed and variable. At this level of sales, Lululemon’s will breakeven (profit = loss).
The business will be financed with 5,000 dollars of owner's money and investor's money that will cover the demand quantity and agreed with the investors. Starting costs will be $22,500. Sales are estimated at 120,000 per year by the first year. A positive cash flow will be produced at the end of the first year. Our business will also give our clients a profit margin opportunity of 100% per unit and up, because of the low price and the luxury of these products, which will be a big motivation for our clients.
Kezner, H. Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling. 6th. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc, 1998. Print.
Signode Industries Inc. - Providing Packaging Solutions Executive Summary SIGNODE INDUSTRY: DILEMMA AT HAND: Mr. Gary Reed, President of Signode Industries packaging division, is in a dilemma as what he should be his course of action to meet the 6.8% increase in price of cold rolled steel- the raw material used in manufacture of Signode’s primary product, steel strapping. There are few options given in the case: Increase Signode’s strapping prices to offset the increased price of cold – rolled steel. Maintain Signode’s current book prices as increasing prices would affect sales force morale. Introduce price-flex model as proposed by Jack Davis i.e. a kind of selective discounting or premium charging for customized services. Recommendations Reason: (All data in accordance to 1983) In accordance to Exhibit 1: Sales of Packaging Division of the company = $285,950 In accordance to Table A: Sales of Apex = 33.3% of $285,950 Sales of BBM = 26.8% of $285,950 Sales of HDM = 33.4% of $285,950 Sales of Customized Products = 6.5% of $285,950 In accordance to Exhibit 4: Similarly, For Apex: As it has a capacity utilization of 71% now, Suppose a sale is $100. Then contribution is $39.15 Therefore variable cost is $60.85. Now if we increase the capacity utilization to 100%, Sales becomes $ 141 since production increases by [(100-71)/71] * 100 = 41% Variable Cost = 141% of 60.85 = $85.8 Fixed Cost = 69.38% * 12.3 = $8.53 Total Cost = 85.8+8.53 = $94.33 EBIT = Sales – Variable cost – Fixed Cost = $46.67 % of EBIT = [(46.67/141) * 100] = 33.09% Suppose the company sales 100x units, the total cost was 69.38. Thus per unit cost was .6938. Now the company sells 141x units, the total cost...
The projects in today’s world are given a lot of importance and it will continue to grow in the coming years. There are a lot of companies which do not have production, but all of them do have projects. There are a lot of books which have been published on which related to planning and managing the projects. The one of the most important one was published by the author Eli Goldratt in his book ‘Critical chain’. This book basically talks and shows how the application of theory of constraints in the field of project management. The novel is basically based on one of the MBA classes in America where a number of ideas are developed in discussions among the students and the lecturers. The lecturer is basically fighting for a tenure with the president of the university who expects a downturn in the executive MBA. The lecturer who teaches project management has a word with one the senior colleagues and project management was the right topic to teach. There were three students who were placed in the project management team of their company which manufactures electronic products. The students are enrolled in this MBA class along with other students, here they discover a new approach to project management which is known as the
With these three scenarios, I have learned several things about making a personal budget. I learned how to research the economic situation and best predict the prices for certain things. I also learned how best to manage bills under a tight and a very free budget. I learned how to manage money, not just for myself, but for others that I may one day be responsible for.
Fogel, D. (2009) Artificial intelligence through simulated evolution. Wiley-IEEE Press. Available at: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=5311738 (Accessed: February 09, 2014).
In the next part of the article Fisher’s model on geometric adaptation is presented. This model presents small step evolution or gradualism. It conveys the effect that spontaneous mutations have on various traits. Fisher argued through his model that more complex spe...
As time goes on, you will find that your original budget has some slaws. Some areas of budget planning might be overestimated, and some areas might be underestimated. Some of the flaws in budget making, for instance, are unemployment because if a person gets unemployed he has to have a strict budget to follow. For example making home food and not going out because that will result him in debt. Some of the other flaws are increase in rent, increase in car insurance because of accidents occurring, credit card payments, groceries, and eating out with friends. All of these flaws can cause a person to be more in debt and cau...