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effects of informal sector on economy
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From the past mobsters swarming New York City, to the modern day thugs in today’s contemporary world, the informal economy or more commonly known as the underground economy has existed. The Informal economy has been an issue that many economists cannot distinguish as to whether it will positively or negatively have an impact on our world then or today. The informal sector of the economy includes ranges to a variety of different goods and services that are not recorded, legal, or illegal. Some illegal activities involve the purchase, sale, and transport of drugs in addition to prostitution and guns, while others are conduct off the book transactions, “which is income from legal sources, often found in the construction and services industries, where taxes are not withheld or paid” (Grammy, 2011). The underground economy is one of the many shortcomings of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country, which create complications for one to accurately measure the wellbeing of the economy. The greater the size of the underground economy, the smaller the Gross Domestic Product is. The Informal economy possesses a negative effect on the economy of the United states, and other developing countries, thus effecting the Gross Domestic Product by misrepresenting the employment rate of that economy, damaging developing countries, and citizens not contributing to taxes that leads to the depleting of our world.
The Gross Domestic Product has many shortcomings associated with it, leading people to believe it is not accurate when measuring the overall economic well-being. With the informal economy on the rise, the underground sector is almost 10 percent of the GDP, and in Europe...
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...ax which depletes our world and our economy. Overall, the informal sector has a huge impact on the measure of GDP, though it will never be truly know how well or how poor our economy is until the goods and services being sold unrecorded are minimized.
References
Grammy, A. (2011, November 28). The Underground Economy. The CSUB Business Blog. Retrieved November 29, 2013, from http://www.csub.edu/kej/documents/economic_rsch/2011-11-28.pdf
How does underground economic activity affect the value of GDP? [Online forum post]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www2.dsu.nodak.edu/users/fernando/office/courses/exit_exam/Question_13.pdf
The Underground Economy Affects GDP Accuracy and Taxes. (2013, April 27). The Underground Economy Affects GDP Accuracy and Taxes. Retrieved November 29, 2013, from http://www.econlife.com/underground-economy-how-much-did-the-gdp-really-grow/
Their main focus is to engage and teach the ordinary person versatile concepts of economics in an inoffensive way. In doing so, they account for all manner of people who might be reading it, including drug dealers. That way, a drug dealer could read facts about their line of work and digest data concerning it, without feeling offended or attacked by the words the authors chose. Levitt and Dubner make their book an all inclusive reading because anyone can read it from any walk of life and not be offended in doing so.
Lora Jo Foo. “The Yale Law Journal”, Vol. 103, No. 8, Symposium: The Informal Economy
This paper will take an inside look into Colombia’s third largest city; Santiago de Cali in the department of Valle del Cauca, home of the Cali Cartel, to see how the production of illegal drugs affects the economy and whether Colombia is benefiting from the illegal activities. First we will focus on a general background of illegal drugs in Colombia then narrow down to see how the Cali Cartel greatly affected economy in Colombia. Employment, Money laundering and land ownership will play major roles in establishing the current situation in Colombia and whether or not illegal drugs are beneficial to the economy in Cali and Colombia entirely. Finally the paper will have my opinion on whether or not the illegal drug trafficking is benefiting or setting-back the economy in Colombia.
It is therefore necessary to look not just on the economy model but also on the way things are governed. Politics play an important role in the economic depression and it will also play an important role in the economic growth. Any long term growth will be dependent on the how the country is managed not just economically but also politically. It should be important to note that corruption in government is never good to the economy. In fact, history shows that corruption causes the economy to fall into crisis. Two things are needed to solve the problem of the economy, the right stimulation, as offered by the author, and the right policies and clean politics in Washington. With these, the country will be able to escape the depression that it is now in.
During 2012, Sierra Leone’s diamond industries were unbelievable, and the amount of exporting was over one hundred millions of dollars in U.S. dollars (Sierra). The principles of supply and demand seem central in the characterization of the various trends in the market. In various market structures, the black market tends to be rarely regulated. However, the black market observes in the venture allow for the integration of some strategies in the effort of the market to the interest traders. Traders pegged to the various black market on the places where best deals are secured on illegal merchandise. These goods are defined to be oriented on the interests of the society, as well as the improvement in demands. Veblen goods are the main targets of such market developments. This originates from people increase demand and status of luxury associated to their usage, and implies the prospective capacity of the reduction of the performance of the rest of the goods.
Congress recognized this new problem that criminals encountered and began to enact money-laundering laws aimed at preventing the criminals from accessing these profits. Congress has created a regulatory system that works to identify the point at which criminals try and invest those profits or funnel them through the financial institution. As the black market becomes more profitable, anti-money laundering laws provide a unique alternative to many of the other laws aimed at preventing and punishing crime. Instead of only convicting the drug dealer who stood on the corner, anti-money laundering laws establish liability for anyone who has knowledge of the illicit origin and proceeds to transact with the drug dealer. They aim to take away any ability to use profits and thus any incentive to get involved in profitabl...
To analyze income inequality to its full extent, it is important to compare and contrast the noticeable differences in the 20th century to now between domestic and international inequalities. The different paths that income inequality and corruption take reveal that income inequality is not a result of capitalist or socialist economic policies, but from corruption.The U.S. and most of Eastern Europe at the current moment are some of the most unequal income wise and corruption. They both took very different paths to becoming industrialized countries. As industrialism was on the rise in the late 1700s in Western Europe, so did the opportunity to make money through a new- fashioned way. No more medieval feudalism and being born into the power and riches-it was a time of opportunity. For the most industrialized nations of that time period, the quality and standard of living rose, for new efficient inventions were being made and education was becoming cheaper and socialized.
"Gross Domestic Product." International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. 2008. Retrieved January 09, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3045300969.html
In the early part of the twentieth century, organized crime began to pop up in the United States with a similar structure to current days. Prohibition caused men to begin the manufacturing and distribution of alcohol under the government’s radar. There was one name that stood out from all the others, Al Capone a.k.a. “Scarface.” Capone set the stage for organized crime in America and thrust it into the spotlight. It wouldn’t be for a couple decades though that the larger groups would begin to have a significant presence in the US. As America opened its borders ...
When we look at the modern changes in the way organized crimes is developing on a global scale and its influence to one’s narrative in seeking economic freedom in order to provide for our families. Organized Crime has been a contributor to the dehumanization of access to our human rights. For example Human Trafficking has been around ancient to contemporary slavery (Lyon 2006) and is still in existence today it has become beneficial to a lot of criminal intenders who exploits free labour by luring hundreds of Canadian women and children into prostitution every day. This shows an example of slavery been intractable to globalized economics, as slave labour in the global South touches many products consumed in the North. (Bales, 2007; Charle,
Reuter, Peter. The Organization of Illegal Markets: An Economic Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1985.
The measure of growth is flawed, how countries see their growth is based on the consumption of their people. Many countries use the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) as an indicator for growth, as defined in It’s All Connected, “(GDP) is a calculation of the total monetary value of goods and services produced annually in a country” (Wheeler 11). The...
The world is becoming an increasingly smaller place and through the efforts of individuals who wish to participate in illicit acts and business we are discovering that technology provides new opportunities and benefits for their illicit businesses (Williams 2002). I use the term globalization in reference to the ability we now have to quickly communicate and voyage within a global context. With the advent of globalization these experiences have be...
Simply put the informal economy refers to those economic activities that are neither taxed nor monitored by a government and are therefore not included in that government's Gross National Product (GNP) However in literature this phenomenon is discussed using different concepts such as informal, unofficial, irregular, parallel second underground, underground, grey markets, subterranean, hidden, invisible, unrecorded, shadow, ghosting and moonlighting. Illegal or criminal activities such as drug dealing or prostitution have been excluded from this definition, as have exchanges of unpaid work. My paper is therefore prepared with this omission in mind.
He cites dirty work and job creation as one of the economic functions that poverty serves (Gans 278-279). Dirty work refers to menial jobs that are important in society, but can only be performed by people with no other life options. Some professions, such as policemen and charity organisations, benefit from the existence of the poor. The author notes that, as much as these institutions claim to be in existence for the goodness of all, they would have no purpose if the poor did not