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Development of holography technologies
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Holograms: Images of the Future
Faced with a growing number of fake credit cards, Visa and Mastercard in the early eighties decided to print holograms of their individual seals on the credit cards. When there was an alarming increase in fake driver's licences, the California Department of Motor Vehicles incorporated a hologram of the seal of the State on all driver's licences. Scientists at several laboratories are using holograms to improve imaging of cells and tissues of plants and other biological systems. Rock videos are now routinely produced with amazingly real graphics, thanks to advances in holography and computer generated graphics. These are but some of the examples of how holograms, or "3-D pictures" are revolutionizing several areas of technology.
In 1947, a Hungarian born physicist, Dennis Gabor, working at the Imperial College of Science and Technology in London, discovered a technique for photography, which had the potential for 3- dimensional effects. In the next few years not only did he develop the technique systematically, (including its use in his field of interest namely electron microscopy) but also coined the word hologram from the Greek holos (whole) and gramma (a letter). Though a lot of work on holography went on in the West and in the erstwhile Soviet Union, the technology needed for the production of quality holograms was not available and so the interest in holography was restricted to scientific laboratories.
All this changed in the sixties with the invention of the other landmark technology of the late twentieth century: Lasers. Laser light has certain remarkable properties which make it indispensable for producing holograms. It is exceptionally monochromatic i.e a red laser beam has only red light as opposed to ordinary red light which is a mixture of several colors with red dominating. It is very coherent and can be transmitted over great distances without the beam spreading. In fact, in a now classic experiment, lasers were used to find out the distance to the moon because a laser beam from earth can travel all the way to the moon without any appreciable spreading, and then be reflected back!
Holography, photography by wave front reconstruction, lens less photography; all these synonyms capture only a part of the "depth" of this fascinating technology. It is similar to ordinary photography and yet fundamentally different from it. In photographing an object, light from the object is captured by the camera lens and focussed onto a recording media, usually a film of some kind.
Prior to the invention of the daguerreotype, the Camera Obscura was the main optical instrument that was used to project images onto paper. The Camera Obscura was a device in the shape of a box that allowed light, which was being reflected from the images that the user was intending to capture, to enter through an opening at one end of the box to form an image on a surface and an artist would then trace the image to form the most accurate impression of an image at that peri...
Film cameras have been in the process of developing since 1664-1666 when Sir Issac Newton discovered light is composed of different colours and in 1724 when Johann Heinrich Schulze discovered that silver nitrate darkened upon exposure. It was in 1814 when Joseph Neipce achieved the world’s first photographic image after eight hours of light exposure. As technology developed through the years, more advancement has been made to film photography thus gradually changing the way film cameras operate. When a camera records an image, it’s recording the visible light (or flash) reflecting off the objects in the camera’s view. The reflect light causes a chemical change in photographic film (chemical records. Light has its own color spectrum, the electro-magnetic spectrum where the primary colours are RGB (Red Green Blue). Packets of energy traveling via light are called photons. The amount of energy determines the length of the wave lengths of the colours, which in turn determines the colour. The energy in photons creates a chemical change in the photographic detectors th...
Following the analysis on the history of the pinhole technique, the next step is to understand the description of a pinhole camera. David Balihar refers to a pinhole camera as a simple optical imaging device in the shape of a closed box or chamber (Balihar 2013). The pinhole camera is different from most photographic devices, in the sense that it does use a lens. Furthermore, a pinhole camera has an infinite depth of field. To explain further, most cameras have a limited depth of field and must be adjusted for an object to come into focus. With a pinhole camera, all objects in the field of view are in focus no matter how far there distance is. As stated previously, this is be...
Photography can be used to help our lives in many different ways. Photography can help us learn about other parts of the word and even history. Photos also help us keep memories with us, to see them whenever we would like. Special cameras can help us capture images in places humans can’t reach or go. Photos made by visible light, X-Rays, infrared rays, or other forms of radiant energy help physicians detect many types of sicknesses. Cameras can also “see” events that the eye cannot. Some cameras can record action that occurs rapidly, but we see it as a blur. Through this, scientists can examine fast moving objects. There are many different fields or research photog...
With the rapid development of image processing technology, it is getting easier to tamper with digital images without leaving any obvious visual trace. Today, seeing does no longer believe [1]. Image forgery, like any other illegal and pernicious activity, could cause serious harm to society.
If individuals are not careful, technology will eventually overtake humankind. Ray Bradbury dives into this theme in his short story, "The Veldt." In general, writers develop their theme by using various literary elements. This is the case in "The Veldt," however, the story's theme is also built through its science fiction genre. Bernardo puts this into light, saying that "Bradbury's poetic style transports the reader out of the everyday world and into a fantasy world, often reminiscent of the unchecked imagination of childhood." This fantastical style can be found throughout Bradbury’s other works, including Fahrenheit 451 and Something Wicked This Way Comes.
Heinrich Lamm was the first person to demonstrate image transmission through a bundle of optical fibers.
Computer Generated Images, or CGI, is a form of Computer Graphics design, and animations, that make a image look 3D. These images are shown all throughout the media world, industry, and business, such as print media, tv, movies, pictures, commercials, etc. CGI’s have improved rapidly on software that helps our world improve on computer generated imaging. CGI software’s is used to make graphical design for purposes like movies in the theater. CGI companies and software’s, has made the technology age, and its computer has increase in speeds, and has allowed computer graphics programmers, and other companies, to make better quality films, games, and electronic digital photos on their CPU’s, or laptops. Because of the new advancement in software technology in CGI, and graphics designing, it has brought new internet religious cultures, its own new experiences, such as celebrities, and newer technological vocabulary. Technology advancement has increased so much that CGI’s has lead to the new beginning or era of virtual cinema photography.
Albert A. Michelson is the father of the interferometer and the “Michelson Interferometer” is still used today. Michelson was born in Prussia in 1872 and later moved to the United States where he joined the U.S. Navy. As an instructor in the Navy academy he was asked to demonstrate the Foucault method of measuring the speed of light and made several improvements on it. Michelson received a grant and built his first interferometer much like the one presently used. It consisted of an Argand lamp, two mirrors, two beam splitters and an eyepiece. The device was extremely sensitive to vibrations and wasn’t accurate until it was brought to the Potsdam Astrophysical Observatory in Berlin where it was mounted on a platform designed for an equatorial telescope. With proper setup Michelson attempted to detect the presence ether, an invisible undetectable material that surrounded by all matter. This was unsuccessful and Einstein later declared that the ether did not exit and light travels at the same speed in all directions. Michelson would later receive the Nobel Prize for science for “precision optical instruments and the spectroscope and metrological investigations conducted herewith.” Several versions of the interferometer were devised by Michelson including, the interferential comparator for standardizing the meter, a mechanical harmonic analyzer for testing the harmonic motion of fringes, and a stellar interferometer for measuring the size of stars.
Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes which is a device that views object or specimen that are too small to be seen with the naked eye.
This research looks into the potential of augmented reality and more specifically spatial augmented reality. The purpose of this paper is to give the reader an understanding of what as well as where augmented reality has come from and how it is being used today. The paper will examine into different examples of augmented reality and how the term is not specific to a certain technology.
Holography is a photographic technology which records all of the information that light wave affects the interference and diffraction of the object, including amplitudes, phases. After rebuilding, the image could be observed in different positions and as if the real object was there in the same way, which brings stereopsis to human beings. The Hungarian British physicist Dennis Gabor was the first person who invented holography occasionally in British Thomson-Houston (BTH) Company in late 1940s [1], and thus he won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1971 [2]. The BTH Company patented this technology in 1947 [3]. The first holograms contained the 3D object are invented in 1962 [4] thanks to the development of laser.
A microscope is an optical instrument that allows you to see objects which are not visible to the naked human eye. The most common type of microscope is called the optical microscope, which uses lens to for images from visible light. Another type of microscope is called electron microscope and the way they work is that, they form images from beams of electrons.
The refracting telescope is one of many different types of telescope. Refracting telescopes work by refracting the light through an initial convex lens, (known as the objective lens), then through another convex lens (known as the eyepiece lens). These two lenses focus the light into the eyepiece so we can see the image clearly.
The word photography comes from two ancient Greek words: photo, for "light," and graph, for "drawing." "Drawing with light" is a way of describing photography. When a photograph is made, light or some other form of radiant energy, such as X rays, is used to record a picture of an object or scene on a light-sensitive surface. Early photographs were called sun pictures, because sunlight itself was used to create the image. With the invention of photography, a realistic image that would have taken a skilled artist hours or even days to draw could be recorded in exact detail within a fraction of a second.(1)