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effects of holocaust
how were the survivors of the Holocaust and their next generation affected by WWII
holocaust survivors research paper
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The Nazi regime referred to the Second World War as the ‘Final Solution to the Jewish Question’. An estimated sixty million people lost their lives during this war and the effects from its destruction can still be felt today. In Europe, Jews were hunted down, mistreated, taken to concentration camps, and eventually killed. One camp, Auschwitz, became an ideal model of what these camps should be. Millions of people were taken to this camp, tortured and killed (Grahovac & Herman, 2006). Consequently, what happened to the “lucky” ones who survived and how did the Holocaust effect them? After abundant research, I have discovered that great suffering continues after the liberation from captivity. After the dust settled there were children with no mother or father, childless parents, married people with no spouses, families were literally destroyed.
In a study done by Robinson, M.D., et al. (1997) they interviewed over one-hundred Holocaust survivors who were children under thirteen years of age at the time of their imprisonment. The study examined the way the holocaust effected these people and suggested a substantial relation between the intensity of persecution suffered by a child whose parents did not survive while in the camps. Therefore, if you lost your parents as a child while in captivity you spent most of your adolescence living in the ghetto, in labor camps, in death camps, and you were sent on death marches. It also made a difference what age you were; the younger the child the better chance of survival for child and parent. The study also showed that fifty-eight percent of parents who survived these death camps had children under the age of ten. (Robinson, M.D., et al., 1997). Although many suffered from survi...
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Kor, E. (2014). About forgiveness. Retrieved from Candles holocaust museum and education center: http://www.candlesholocaustmuseum.org/learn/about-forgiveness.htm
Preston, A. (2013). An authentic voice: perspectives on the value of listening to survivors of genocide. Teaching history(153), 62-69.
Robinson, M.D., S., Rapaport-Bar-Server, M., & Rapaport, J. (1997, July). Orphaned child survivors compared to child survivors whose parents also survived the holocaust. Retrieved from Echoes of the holocaust: http://www.holocaustechoes.com/5robinson.html
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. (2013). Holocaust Encyclopedia: The Aftermath of the Holocaust. Retrieved from United States Holocaust Memorial Museum: http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005129
It is almost unimaginable the difficulties victims of the holocaust faced in concentration camps. For starters they were abducted from their homes and shipped to concentration camps in tightly packed cattle cars. Once they made it to a camp, a selection process occurred. The males were separated from the females. Then those who were too young or too old to work were sent to the showers. Once the showers were tightly packed, the Nazi’s would turn on the water and drop in canisters of chemicals that would react with the water and release a deadly gas. Within minutes, everyone in the shower would be dead. The bodies would be hauled out and burned. Those who were not selected to die didn’t fair much better. Terrible living conditions, forced labor, malnourishment, and physical abuse were just a few of the things they had to endure. It was such a dark time. So many invaluable lessons can be learned from the holocaust and from those who survived it. One theme present in Elie Wiesel’s novel Night and Robert Benigni’s film Life is Beautiful is that family can strengthen or hinder one during adversity.
It is in a child's nature to be dependant of its parents and family members. They rely on them to protect and take care of them, so when they are suddenly ripped out of that comfort and protection, imagine the impact it would have on them. During the Holocaust, there was nothing the parents could do to protect their children; it was inevitable if they were Jewish they were always at risk. But on top of their vulnerability, children were frequently separated from their family and loved ones. Whether it be going into a concentration camp or going into hiding, the Holocaust has many examples of families being torn apart. One example would be with twins. Twins we often used for scientific experimentation, and when they were brought into concentration camps they were immediately identified and separated. The children that were used for these experiments very rarely survived them, and if they did they never saw their twin again. In just a short amount of time they were ripped away from their families and comfort and thrown into this chaos and unbearable setting (Nancy Sega...
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. "The Holocaust." Holocaust Encyclopedia. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 10 June 2013. Web. 25 Jan. 2014.
During World War II there was event that lead to deaths of millions of innocent people. This even is known as the holocaust, millions of innocent people were killed violently, there was mass murders, rapes and horrific tortures. The question I will attempt to answer in the course of this paper is if the holocaust was a unique event in history. In my opinion there were other mass murders that people committed justified by the feeling of being threatened. But I don 't believe that any were as horrific and inhumane as Germany’s genocide of the Jewish people.
Holocaust Facts The Holocaust has many reasons for it. Some peoples’ questions are never answered about the Holocaust, and some answers are. The Holocaust killed over 6 million Jews (Byers.p.10.) Over 1.5 million children (Byers, p. 10). They were all sent to concentration camps to do hard labor work.
Only 7,000 emaciated survivors of a Nazi extermination process that killed an estimated six million Jews were found at Auschwitz” (Rice, Earle). Most of these deaths occurred towards the end of the war; however, there were still a lot of lives that had been miraculously spared. “According to SS reports, there were more than 700,000 prisoners left in the camps in January 1945. It has been estimated that nearly half of the total number of concentration camp deaths between 1933 and 1945 occurred during the last year of the war” (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum). The Holocaust was one of the most tragic events in the world’s history.
Williams, Sandra. “The Impact of the Holocaust on the Survivors and their Children.” at http://www.sandrawilliams.org/HOLOCAUST/holocaust.html, 1993
As early as age thirteen, we start learning about the Holocaust in classrooms and in textbooks. We learn that in the 1940s, the German Nazi party (led by Adolph Hitler) intentionally performed a mass genocide in order to try to breed a perfect population of human beings. Jews were the first peoples to be put into ghettos and eventually sent by train to concentration camps like Auschwitz and Buchenwald. At these places, each person was separated from their families and given a number. In essence, these people were no longer people at all; they were machines. An estimation of six million deaths resulting from the Holocaust has been recorded and is mourned by descendants of these people every day. There are, however, some individuals who claim that this horrific event never took place.
During the Holocaust there were different types of concentration camps where innocent Jews went to suffer and die. There were death camps, huge prisons and killing centers. During the Holocaust, the most famous concentration camp was located at Auschwitz. Systemic gassing of Jews began at Auschwitz in March of 1942. (2) It is unimaginable to the human mind that these death camps existed. Not only did they exist and operate like well-oiled machines, the amount of concentration camps is mind numbing which shows the determination of Germany’s destruction of Jews. The variety of camps which included: labor, death, cold experiments, and work related, to name a few, totaled 10,005. “There were 52 main concentration camps, which had a total of 1,202 satellite camps. Auschwitz, by itself, with its 50 satellite camps, had 7,000 guards among...
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. “The Holocaust.” Holocaust Encyclopedia, last modified June 10, 2013, http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005425.
The Holocaust left a lingering hurt with many of the survivors and perpetrators of the war. As a result, victims often suffered from post-war trauma. Traumatic responses, by first generation Holocaust survivors, were often projected onto their children. Authors Art Spiegelman and Hans-Ulrich Treichel illustrate the above in their memoirs Maus I and II and Lost. Whether it is the war, losing a sibling, or parent, the guilt of the loss is projected onto Art and Treichel. In both cases, the parents are physically or emotionally unavailable to the children, which affects their psychological well-being. Consequently, Art and Treichel suffer from intergenerational trauma which hinders their growth and leads to a feeling of isolation. Several forces
The children during the Holocaust had many struggles with their physical health. They were forced to stay in very small places and were unable to have contact with a doctor if they had gotten sick. Also, they had a lack of food and some children in their host homes would get abused and mistreated. At least a little over one million children were murdered during the Holocaust (“Children’s Diaries”). Out of all the Jewish children who suffered because of the Nazis and their axis partners, only a small number of surviving children actually wrote diaries and journals (“Children’s diaries”).
"A Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust-Victims." A Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust-Victims. University of South Florida. Web. 19 May 2014.
Childhood is a powerful and important time for all humans. As a child, the things one sees and hears influences the choices and decisions they make in the future. “How a child develops during early and middle childhood years affects future cognitive, social, emotional, language, and physical development, which in turn influences their trust and confidence for later success in life” (Early and Middle Childhood). Yehuda Nir’s, The Lost Childhood is a first person memoir based on the life of a youthful Jewish child who survived the Holocaust. Taking place from pre-World War II 1939, to post-World War II 1945, this memoir highlights the despicable things done during one of the darkest times in modern history. Prior to being published in October
The Web. The Web. 27 Jan. 2014. Vollhardt, J. R. and Bilewicz, M. (2013), After the Genocide: Psychological Perspectives on Victim, Bystander, and Perpetrator Groups. Journal of Social Issues, 69: 1–15.