Over 84 years ago New York was the city of swing. In a realm where culture clashed with politics, race with class and gender with society most teenagers spent an ample amount of their spare time dancing to the music of Cab Calloway, Benny Goodman, Duke Ellington and the likes of others. With the music, blasting in their ears and sweat dripping of their skin the youth was engulfed in a period that would come to stand as a turning point for African-Americans. Despite the rage of the music, there is no question that appearances and the right attire also played a prominent role in the culture of that time. In a society wherein which, Blacks were discriminated and stereotyped against their clothing distinguished and set them apart. The Zoot-Suit, one of the significant symbols of fashion during the era of Swing music was more than embellished get-up. It was a statement, a rebellion, a cultural identification even, but mainly it was a reminder of the social order of society that failed to express and identify certain races1. Although many have argued that racial tensions leading up to the riots emerged from the attitudes of the various races, I stand that fashion choices chosen by the youth of that period played a substantial role in the insurgence. This paper explores the history of the suit, its social and political contexts, its connection to music as well as the implications of fashion choices during the 1930’s and 1940’s.
“Walking slowly, their legs swinging from ballooned cuffs fitting snug about their ankles, their coats long and hip tight, their shoulders to broad to be those of western men the youth walked” . During the World War II period when the youth donned the zoot-suits they had come to symbolize in essence a mass ideol...
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...couldn’t breathe. They danced and wailed for the music to be played again. They danced until they were panting and stumbling of to the sidelines, until they were so exhausted that they were dripping with sweat2.
This was the influence of the zoot-suit. It caused madness and it caused joy. It made people within the African-American community forget just for one moment that they existed in a nation with oppression. It is in everyday practices and ritual such as these that the zoot-suit made history. It merged identity, ethnicity, race, society, political affiliations and music. But most of all it began a chain reaction that would have startling effects on following generations. For individuals such as Malcolm Little, the suit wasn’t a costume or an attire it was a symbol of meaning that gave the Black culture a reason to fight. A reason to rebel. A reason to be free.
This quote shows that the Zoot Suit was intended to be seen as a hip classy style to ...
Based on the infamous 1942 “Sleepy Lagoon” murder mystery and the resulting “Zoot Suit Riots” in Los Angeles , playwright Luis Valdez weaves fact and fiction to depict the fate of 22 young Mexican Americans brought to trial for a murder they did not commit.
Luis Valdez made a great contribution to Chicano theater when he created a Chicano musical a form of theater that was more common for white America. As I read Zoot Suit I could not stop wondering how the play would look once it was on stage. I could not picture a play that included singing and dancing one which does not compare to the other plays written by Luis Valdez and the Teatro Campesino. I only wish that I had been lucky enough to watch the play live. However, I do feel that if the play was to be re-enacted it would not have the same effect on it’s viewers of today as it might have then. Unfortunately I feel that might be its only downfall. I was still really amazed that this play made it to Broadway and I feel it was just as worthy of it as other plays have been. It is also very interesting to note that it was his longest running play in Los Angeles however; I am assuming that has to do with the large number of Mexican and Mexican-Americans living in LA during that time.
Among them a positive redefinition of Black identity in face of Whites’ renewed efforts to blame the devastating socio-economic conditions that many Black inner-city residents faced on “inherent cultural pathologies.” This shift in Black Consciousness, accompanied by the establishment of African American Studies Departments, a Black Psychology Movement and many other developments, which, if not actively fostered, were at least greatly influenced by black power’s cultural
McCutcheon, Marc. "Clothing and Fashions." The Writer's Guide to Everyday Life from Prohibition Through World War II. Cincinnati: Writer's Digest, 1995. 161-67. Print.
Zoot Suit, a play written by Luis Valdez, depicts the racially charged trial of the Sleepy Lagoon Case of 1942 in which the courts charged a group of Pachucos with the murder of another Mexican-American. During the 1940s, many Mexican-Americans suffered widespread discrimination as dramatized in Zoot Suit. To combat such discrimination many Chicano youth wore stylized zoot suits, adorned with oversized jackets during fabric shortages as a form of social and political rebellion. Zoot Suiters felt disempowered by their position within society and used their fashion to send out a message and as a means to regain their masculinity. The Pachucos were accused with the murder of a fellow Mexican-American not because of clear evidence or proof, but because of their ethnic identity, renegade style of dressing, and behavior. The fundamental conflict that led to their arrest and unfair trial was a clash between Mexican-Americans and the dominant White American culture. Acting as a host, El Pachuco is the spirit of the ideal, defiant Pachuco and serves as Henry’s Reyna’s alter ego throughout the play, intermingling past Mexican culture with the current Zoot Suit culture. El Pachuco serves as a corrective to illustrate the heavy biases that the court and media displayed throughout the 1940s against Chicano people. Through his constant interjections during the courtroom scene, and his final confrontation with the reporter at the conclusion of the play he points out the injustices that Mexican-Americans had to endure.
The way these teens dressed during this time was very conservative. Due to the restrictions of World War II, "clothes were much [more] simple and less fabric was used because few materials were available” (Mathieson). Many teens during this time period were much more respectful and would not go out of their way to cause a corruption. Te...
It started off as a plan—a captivating initiative to end segregation; to end discrimination and to cease the hatred. Unsuitable to a period where locals were accustomed to enmity and hostility towards fellow humans. Post era of where our sun-kissed ancestors were imbruted for the sake of America's trade system. Imagine the humiliation inherent with being black. Negro, Nigger, Coon, Jiggaboo were all names you sadly were accustomed to. To be treated as animals and not as the kings and queens the creator destined you to be. The sacrifice of the ebony messiah gone in vain; living in fear of the self-proclaimed superior race. Poverty or brutality: pick your poison. And it was all justifiable by law. The year 1966 forever changed the face of America. A new foundation arose for blacks to place their hope in. It embarked a revolt against the oppressors and its supporters. It was the fervid force that distressed the source. But who held responsibility for this? Who procured the prowess to bring an uprise against an unjust regime?Huey P. Newton—the nonconformist who birthed a mutiny. The man behind the mafia.The founder of The Black Panther Party.
New fashions were surfacing in both men’s and women’s fashions. Men were wearing Bermuda pants, baggy pants that were cut off at the knee, while women were wearing capris, tight pants that cut off just below the knee. Men were wearing tailored jackets and making a slight move towards the casual dress of today’s workplace. Women were wearing natural shoulders as opposed to the heavily padded ones of the war years. Flat, neck-hugging collars replaced the mannish collars of the late 1940’s. Waists were tightly fitted and skirts were long (Melinkoff 46). The jeans of the time were often lined with plaid flanel and dungarees were worn to the most casual occasions. The sandals of the fifties were not much different than the sandals of today.
October 5, 2016 a group of black students goes to a Penn State Women’s Volleyball game. While at the game, during the national anthem, every black student stood and raise their fist. What was significant about the fist being raised is it symbolized “black power”. Black Power was a term introduced by former Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) leader Stokely Carmichael at a rally in Mississippi. His intent was to “end American imperialism”. However, even Carmichael himself could not have predicted what ensued after that. The Black Power Movement started to take off and many radical groups started to become.
An act call Blackface arose around this time, it was ‘used to imply the patronization of blacks by whites” (Msimang). It was described as a form of comedy for the most part. Painting a white man black and placing him on a stage and having him humiliate the African American culture was considered amusing to the white community. They would jokingly imitate the gestures that African Americans made, they tone of voice, their so called aggressiveness, attire, and they would even mimic slavery on stage. Blackface was just another way a suppressing the African American community, making them ashamed of themselves and their upbringing, making them want to be different,want to be accepted,want to be white. “The main point is how they’re stuck “in bondage” .. and how nothing ever changes”, (Raboteau 2) Characters like the lawn jockeys and Bernie’s father were left questioning the cruelty of society, why was it that they were looked down upon every time they were seen in public? why couldn 't they just fit
For example, Rock’n’roll stems from the miscegenation of rhythm’n’blues and hillbilly music, which all are black music genres. However, Rock’n’Roll is known as a “white” music genre because it was appropriated and repackaged to suit white artist as the American industry refused to associate with black artists. In addition, Elvis is credited as the “King of Rock and Roll” in today’s music industry. I would also be sure to cite and provide examples (real incidents or hypothetical situations) of cultural borrowing in different contexts. After all of those segments, I plan to examine how culturally appropriative Halloween costumes contribute to racism and the exotification of Indigenous people. I will also make sure to address and acknowledge some counterarguments, particularly the counterargument regarding freedom of
the black power movement, the younger African Americans looked up to and lived by the words
Generally, in the 60s people’s dressing was stilted, unattractive and confined (Tracy Tolkien., 2002). However, young people experienced the highest incomes period after the Second World War; therefore, they began to put more attention outside the basic human supply. Hence, the young boys and girls were start desired some fresh elements to add i...